• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.179-186
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• 2017

This study was conducted to identify characteristics of domestic pine forest soils and to elucidate major soil influencing factors for natural regeneration. We analyzed the physico-chemical characteristics of the soil samples collected from 23 pine forests and confirmed the similar results with the forest soil characteristics. Soil pH, organic matter content, total nitrogen, exchangeable Ca, silt content, and exchangeable Al were selected as the major soil factors among the exposed soils through 10 days of pine seedlings exposure and cultivation experiments and statistical analysis. Multiple regression analysis showed that soil pH had a positive effect on specific root length (SRL) of red pine seedlings and exchangeable Al was a significant factor affecting negative change in SRL. Taken together, the reduction of exchangeable Al by soil pH adjustment would be helpful for natural regeneration by restoring the forest and improving the fine root and root integrity of pine seedlings. Therefore, soil pH and exchangeable Al could be recommended as a major soil factor to be carefully considered in the monitoring and management of soil in pine forests that need to be renewed in the future.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.233-243
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• 1994

Precipitation was formed during the preparation of decoction from a mixture of Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma or Phellodendri Cortex according to the prescription of Hwang-ryean-hae-dog-tang. Baicalin and berberine were identified in coprecipitated product and these components were the active ingredients of two herbal medicine. The coprecipitated product was very slightly soluble in water and sparingly soluble in ethanol. The stoichiometric ratio of baicalin and berberine was found to be 1:1. The lipid-water partition coefficients of coprecipitated product were increased more than baicalin and berberine in chloroform, but were decreased in other organic solvents. The content of baicalin and berberine in coprecipitated product, determined by HPLC, were 23.08% and 26.75%, but the content of active ingredients in supernatant were 0.66% and 0.26%, respectively. The dissolution profile of baicalin of coprecipitated product was increased more than extract of Scutellariae Radix in artificial gastric juice, but was decreased in artificial intestinal juice. The dissolution rate of berberine of coprecipitated product was lower than extract of Coptidis Rhizoma in artificial gastric juice and intestinal juice commonly.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.244-252
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• 1990

Antitumor polyacetylenic alcohol, panaxytriol (Cl7 H26O3), was isolated and purified from a powder of the root of Pnnnx tin.1.encl C.A. Meyer. Panaxytriol possesses unusual property of being soluble in both water and organic solvents. Panaxytriol inhibited the growth of various kinds of human cultured cell lines in dose-dependent fashion in vitro. The in vivo effects of panaxytriol were tested against C57BL/6 mice transplanted with Bl6 melanomas. Panaxytriol (8 and 40 mg/kg) administered intra-muscularly(im) produced significant tumor growth delays in mice. Although a detailed mechanism of growth inhibition by panaxytriol is unknown, preliminary results appear to implicates a surface membrane site of action. And its action seems to be more dose-dependent than time-dependent. Finally, panaxytriol pharmacokinetics was evaluated in mice given single 8 mg/kg doses intraperitoneally (ip) or im. Serum panaxytriol content was measured using both tumor growth inhibitory assay and a gas chromatographic method. The maximum serum panaxytriol content after ip and im administration was 35.0 and 1.6 $\mu$g/ml respectively. These results indicate that the compound may act as cytotoxic substance even in patients.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.307-307
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• 2001

Combustion process with citrate was used to produce the LiMn$_2$O$_4$powder. Precursors are pre-ignited in open air followed by post-heating in the range from $600^{\circ}C$ to 80$0^{\circ}C$ for 4h. With varying the molar ratio (R) of ethylene glycol (EG) to citric acid (CA) from 0 to 4, the effect of EG content on powder characteristics is evaluated. Vacuum drying promote the auto-ignition at room temperature. With small addition of EG metal ion was selectively segregated with organic substances and undesired lithium evaporation occurred during post-heating. LiMn$_2$O$_4$phase which is produced by combustion reaction was decomposed back to Mn$_3$O$_4$because the reaction temperature was higher than 95$0^{\circ}C$. With increasing EG content, the homogeneity of LiMn$_2$O$_4$powder increased and specific surface area increased. And lithium evaporation during vacuum drying and/or ignition also increased.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.360-363
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• 2006

Efficacy of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR) Bacillus vallismortis strain EXTN-1 has been proved in eliciting induced systemic resistance(ISR) in several crops. The present paper described the beneficial effects of EXTN-1 in potato as increase in yield and chlorophyll content, and plant protection against Potato Virus Y and X(PVY & PVX). EXTN-1 induced systemic resistance to the plants resulting in significant disease suppression in the field. Also the plants under treatment with EXTN-1 had higher chlorophyll content. The bacterized plants had significantly higher yields over the untreated control plants. The strain induced activation of defense genes, PR-1a and PDF 1.2 in transgenic tobacco model, which indicated the possible role of both SA, and JA pathways in EXTN-1 mediated plant protection against crop diseases.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.258-263
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• 1987

The waste gained from alcohol production with sweet potato was considered as a potential substrate for the production of single cell protein (SCP). The high content in organic materials, simplicity to filtrate and a suitable pH for the growth of yeasts were indicated as a good substrate. A yeast utilizing this substrate was isolated from the compost ground and identified as Candida boidinii. The strain was the highest in assimilation of this alcoholic waste and the yield was maximized at pH 5.0, $30^{\circ}C$ after 72 hrs incubation. The dry cell weight and crude protein content at optimal conditions were 1.02g/100ml and 54.5%, respectively. The growth of the yeast was stimulated with the addition of 0.2% urea, 0.1% $K_2HPO_4$, and 0.02% $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 1999

In search of a method to achieve sustainable agricultural practices, a trickling filter was employed for the piggery wastewater treatment, where rice straw was the support medium in place of more commonly used materials. The filtrate from the trickling filter were applied to a soil, on which orchard grass (Dactylic glomerata L.) was grown followed by amendment of the treated straw medium. Orchard grass was cut twice, and growth parameters and yields were measured. Soil chemical properties before and after harvesting orchard grass were analyzed. Development of the forage crop was greatly enhanced by the application of the filtrate in terms of fresh weight, dry weight, and the absorption of nutrients. Better growth and higher nutrient uptake were found in the second cutting of the orchard grass. Organic matter content, ionic intensity, exchangeable cations, and phosphate of the soil increased with the application of the filtrate. The relative high concentrations of salts in the piggery trickling filtrate, expressed in electrical conductivity and content of sodium, exerted no detrimental effect on the crop and soil.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.734-739
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• 2007

This study was conducted to observe the quality characteristics of cheonggukjang fermented with new small-seed soybeans ('Agakong') according to the degree of germination of the raw soybeans. The sprouting rate was $8.6{\pm}5.6%$ after 12 hr of germination, but at 24 hr it increased rapidly to $85.4{\pm}4.7%$. We confirmed that the total isoflavone content immediately after soaking was 273.9 mg%, which was at least 3 times greater than for common soybeans; content increased at the start of germination, and increased to 338.4 mg% by 24 hr of germination, but then decreased. The quantity of viscous substance of the cheonggukjang increased in proportion to the degree of germination of the raw soybeans. The levels of amino acids in the cheonggukjang made from non-germinated soybeans, and soybeans germinated 48 hr, were 12.45 and 10.06%, respectively. The isoflavone levels in the cheonggukjang were determined by the degree of germination of the raw soybeans. There were no significant differences between the odor, sweet taste, savory taste, bitter taste, and overall acceptability of the cheonggukjang with different germination times of 0 to 36 hr.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.6 no.3_4
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• pp.133-141
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• 1991

Vermistabilization is the stabilization of organic wastes using earthworms. The worms maintain aerobic conditions in the waste, accelerating and enhancing the biological decomposition of the waste. This study was carried out to find out fundamental factors affecting the performance of the process such as temperature, moisture content and pH condition of nightsoil sludge, and to evaluate the worms excreta (casting) as fertilizer. The results could be summarized as follows; the optimum range of temperature was observed 10~3$0^{\circ}C$ while survival rate of eathworm decreased rapidly at 35$^{\circ}C$ within 6 days and death occurred at 5$^{\circ}C$. Those of moisture content and pH condition were 50~70% and 5~8, respectively. Earthworms were revealed to change the composition of N in nightsoil sludge consisting of$NH_3$-N (71%), $NO_2$-N (2%) and $NO_3$-N (27%) into that $NH_3$-N (24%), $NO_2$-N (1%), $NO_3$-N (75%) in earthworm excreta, respectively The concentrations of NH$_3$and H$_2$S gas in pig manure were reduced by 59.2% and 45.2% in case of mixing pig manure with casting.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.1222-1227
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• 1999

Effect of three major cropping seasons and five fertilizer treatments on botanical composition, nutritional composition and in sacco digestibility of native grasses grown in 30 experimental plots of a medium fertile land was determined. It was observed that all the major grass species were grown in all seasons but their predominancy of growth was different. During the study the predominant grass species were Panicum repens (Angta), Fimvristylis miliacea (Joina), Cyanolis axillaries (Kanainala), Cynodon dactylon (Durba) and Cyperus iria (Phulchaise) which contributed about 27, 20, 13, 11 and 9% of the total grass yield, respectively. Dry matter (DM) contents was higher in dry followed by monsoon and summer seasons (p<0.05). Crude protein (CP) content in the summer and monsoon appeared to be higher (p<0.05) than that of dry season. Organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were higher (p<0.05) in dry and monsoon than in summer season. Application of urea fertilizer and cowdung increased 28.2% of CP content of the grasses, but decreased 19.5 and 9.8% of DM and NDF contents, respectively. The potential degradation of DM and CP of the grasses grown in summer were 4.1 and 8.4% and 3.9 and 5.8% higher than those of monsoon and dry seasons, respectively, and both of these increased (11.3 and 5.9%, respectively) with the application of cowdung and urea fertilizer.