• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2018

In this study, we aimed to increase the utilization of non-commercializable peach fruits collected during harvesting and distribution and to promote the transition of a high value-added industry. After producing pastes from the flesh of different peach varieties, we used these pastes as ingredients in the production of Kochujang. We then performed a comparative analysis on the quality characteristics of the peach-added Kochujang and commercially available Kochujang products. Peach-added Kochujang exhibited a lower pH and reduced sugar, salinity, reducing sugar, ash, and calorie content than those of commercially available Kochujang products. However, the Kochujang had slightly higher pH and moisture content than commercially available products due to high organic acid and moisture contents of peach flesh. In terms of content of inorganic elements, commercial Kochujang products exhibited higher sodium and magnesium content, whereas peach-added Kochujang had higher potassium content. In particular, the lower sodium and higher potassium content of peach-added Kochujang indicates that this product could be used as a functional food to prevent various diseases caused by excessive sodium intake among Koreans. After comparing the products in terms of phenol and flavonoid content, we concluded that ethanol extracts of peach-added Kochujang showed higher phenol content than those of the commercially available Kochujang products. In contrast, the distilled water extracts of peach Kochujang showed higher DPPH free radical scavenging activity than that of commercially available Kochujang products.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.422-428
• /
• 2023

For the purpose of increasing protein dissolution by organic acids, chicken stock with apples (CSA) was manufactured and compared with chicken stock (CS) without apples. The sugar content of CSA showed a relatively higher sugar content than CS. The crude protein content of CSA was significantly higher than that of CS. Since the sugar content was high by adding apples, chicken stock was prepared by reducing the amounts of apples and adding tomatoes and lemons. The crude protein content of the chicken stock added with tomatoes and lemons (CSA-TL) increased by about 35% compared to the chicken stock added with tomatoes (CSA-T). Since the CSA-TL group had the highest protein elution, so nutritional content was compared with CS and commercial chicken stock (CCS) groups. Crude protein content of the CSA-TL group increased about 79% compared to the CS group and about 6.8 times compared to the CCS. The contents of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and various essential amino acids in the CSA-TL group increased compared to the CS group. The chicken stock developed in this study is expected to be used as a health-oriented product that can replace existing products.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.11
• /
• pp.1593-1598
• /
• 2003

Nutritional evaluation of some agro-industrial byproducts available in Samoa [dry brewers' grains (DBG), cocoa shell (CS), cocoa dust (CD) and desiccated coconut waste meal (DCWM)] available in Samoa was carried out using both the in vivo and in vitro techniques. In the in vivo study 24 Anglo-nubian goats were offered by-products with other feed ingredients to compound four different diets. The goats were randomly allocated to 4 diets on the basis of liveweight (18.7-0.3kg). The ADF content of the byproducts followed a similar trend to NDF. The byproducts have a high content of organic matter (91.0-95.4%). Gross energy (GE) content was higher in DCWM (25.1 MJ/kg DM), closely followed by CD (23.2 MJ/kg DM). Concentrate intake was significantly different (p<0.05) among the goats. Average daily live weight gains were 105, 92, 88 and 97 g/goat/day for DBG, CS, CD and DCWM, respectively. Daily live weight gains were higher (p<0.05) in the goats that received DBG, while the least gain was obtained in the goats that received CS byproduct diet. DM digestibility was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the goats on DBG diet than in the other goats. The least DM digestibility was obtained in the goats that received CD diet (p>0.05). CP digestibility followed a similar pattern to DM digestibility. The digestibility of NDF and ADF was influenced by the nature of the diets. The digestibility of OM and GE were best (p<0.05) in the goats that received DBG, DCWM and CS byproduct diets than in CD. Significant differences (p<0.05) among the byproducts were recorded for net gas production. Potential gas production (a+b) ranged from 7.064 to 42.17 ml. Organic matter digested (OMD) from gas production value at 24 h was higher in DBG (47.6 g/kg DM) and this was followed by DCWM (42.5 g/kg DM). The least OMD was obtained in CD (17.9 g/kg DM). A significant difference (p<0.05) in DM disappearance after 4, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h was recorded. The potential and effective degradability varied significantly (p<0.05) from 85.95-99.6 g/kg DM and from 39.9-65.8%, respectively. The digestibility of the byproducts in both the in vivo and in in vitro techniques demonstrated that they are potential source of feed ingredients for ruminant livestock in Samoa and possibly in the other small Pacific Island countries. On the basis of their potential degradability the byproducts could be ranked in the following order:DCWM>DBG>CD>CS. In conclusion, the results obtained suggest that all the byproducts can contribute to ruminant livestock diets without adverse effects on feed intake, growth rate and apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.781-790
• /
• 2011

The effects of seedtime and maturity stage on nutritive value of five maize stover varieties, including conventional maize (Kexiangyu 11, CM), fodder maize (Huqing 1, FM), high oil maize (Gaoyou 115, HOM), sweet maize (Kexiangtianyu 1, SM) and waxy maize (Kexiangluoyu 1, WM), were examined based on chemical composition, in vitro gas production and in situ incubation techniques. Maize stover was sampled at d 17 and d 30 after tasseling, and designated as maturity stage 1 and stage 2, respectively. The average dry matter (DM) organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and fiber contents were the greatest for HOM, SM and FM, respectively. CM had the highest in vitro organic matter disappearance (IVOMD) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration. The highest ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) concentration in the incubation solution, and effective degradability of DM ($ED_{DM}$) and neutral detergent fiber ($ED_{NDF}$) were observed in SM. Advanced maturity stage increased (p<0.05) DM content, $ED_{DM}$ and $ED_{NDF}$, but decreased (p<0.05) OM and CP contents, and decreased (p<0.05) b and a+b values, IVOMD and molar proportion of valerate in the incubation solution for maize stover. Maize sown in summer had greater (p<0.05) OM content, but lower DM, CP, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content compared with maize sown in spring. Maize sown in summer had greater (p<0.001) IVOMD, $NH_3$-N concentration in the incubation solution and $ED_{NDF}$, but lower (p<0.01) ratio of acetate to propionate compared to maize sown in spring. The interaction effect of variety${\times}$seedtime was observed running through almost all chemical composition, in vitro gas production parameters and in situ DM and NDF degradability. The overall results suggested that SM had the highest nutrient quality, and also indicated the possibility of selecting maize variety and seedtime for the utilization of maize stover in ruminants.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 1996

Qualititative changes in water extracts during food waste composting were studied in order to identify parameters that can be used as indicaters of compost maturity. Materials used in this study were food wastes, office paper, newspaper and leaves. Three different compositions of food wastes were used : average composition food waste generated in Korea, a high cereal (carbohydrate) content food waste and a high meat (protein) content food waste. Experimental results indicated that parameters which can be used for compost maturity evaluation were water soluble TOC and water soluble $C_{org}/N_{org}$ ratio. In case of water soluble TOC, it is considered as one of the most desirable parameters, since it showed quite distinct decrease pattern than any other parameters. The $C_{org}/N_{org}$ ratio in the water extracts can also be considered as a appropriate index of the compost maturity since this ratio reached a narrow range (5~6) at the end of composting process regardless of initial raw waste compositions. Water soluble TKN was undesirable parameter as a compost maturity index. The ammonia nitrogen content in water extracts varied considerably during composting process, but finally reached a range of 0.067, 0.085% based on dry compost.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.227-235
• /
• 2015

The objective of this study was to improve the quality of Korean rice wine with wild type yeast strains isolated from various traditional Korean fermented foods. Herein the fermentation and sensory characterization of wild yeast, for the purposes of brewing Korean rice wine, was investigated. 12 yeast strains were examined for their ethanol and glucose tolerance. In addition, the pH, soluble solids, acidity, amino acidity, ethanol content, organic acids, and volatile compounds were also studied for the alcoholic beverages made with the wild yeasts. Almost all Saccharomyces genera yeasts were showed to have a tolerance at 10% ethanol, but non-Saccharomyces genera yeasts displayed a low tolerance. The alcoholic beverages fermented by non-Saccharomyces yeasts demonstrated higher levels of soluble solids, titratable acidity, amino acids, and lower ethanol content, when compared with the alcoholic beverages fermented by Saccharomyces genera yeasts. The organic acid content, such as malic acid, acetic acid, and succinic acid, was seen to also be higher. The electronic nose was analyzed, and discriminant function analysis (DFA) was used for discriminating wild yeast strains. The DFA plots indicated a significant separation of Saccharomyces genera and non-Saccharomyces yeast strains. For volatile compounds, ethyl acetate from non-Saccharomyces yeasts, and ethanol from Saccharomyces genera yeast, a high area ratio was observed.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.178-188
• /
• 2014

Two kinds of anticaking agents (dextrin, polydextrose) were combined with kiwifruit paste at 5% w/w ratio and freeze-dried to prepare a powdered material. The physiochemical characteristics of kiwifruit powders with anticaking agents were compared with those without anticaking agents as the control. The yield was higher in the powders with anticaking agents than the control. Moisture content, acidity, and total phenolics were lower in the powders with anticaking agents than the control. The contents of vitamin C was higher in the powders with anticaking agents than the control, but was no significant difference with different anticaking agent types. There were no significant differences in free sugar content (fructose, glucose, total sugar) and organic acid content (oxalic acid, lactic acid, total) depending on the anticaking agent types. Hunter's L-value was significantly high in the order of the samples with dextrin, the control, and polydextrose, while a-value showed an opposite tendency. Browning index, water solubility, and swelling power didn't show any significant difference. However, the hygroscopicities with elapsed time were lower in the powders with anticaking agents than the control. Therefore, the kiwifruit powder combined with dextrin or polydextrose as an anticaking agent at 5% w/w ratio could be used as a food biomaterial with a good quality in moisture, vitamim C, color value, browning index, water solubility, and hygroscopicity.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.161-168
• /
• 1985

The 38 typical profiles representing volcanic ash soils (VAS) in Korea were subjected to multiple regression analysis to determine the relative contribution of organic matter (OM) and clay content to total cation-exchange capacity (CEC). This study, also, was examined the soil characteristics of VAS. VAS in Korea could be classified into 3 Orders, 5 Suborders, 8 Great groups, 15 Subgroups, 23 Families, and 38 Series. Total area of VAS was 139, 162ha and the most of them occured in Jeju Island. Simple correlation coefficients showed significance relations at OM-CEC and clay-CEC in top-soil of VAS. The partial regression coefficients indicated that CEC for each gram of OM as calculated to be 0.46 and 0.40 me per of topsoils for the black volcanic ash soils (BVAS) and the very dark brown volcanic ash soils (VDBVAS), respectively. The clay contributions of topsoils for BVAD and VDBVAS were 0.11 and 0.19 me. The standard partial regression coefficients appeared that OM content of topsoil for BVAS and VDBVAS was 2.97 and 1.23 times as important as clay content in predicting CEC.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 1987

A series of field and laboratory experiments were conducted to find out the changes of some soil chemical constituents in different soil depth with three different soil textures as Bongnam-clayey, Gwanghwal-silty loam and Mangyeong fine sandy soil on the assessment of reclamation duration in Fluvio-marine soil. The result obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Exchangeable potassium, calcium, magnessium, sodium with manganes, silica and cation exchange capacity were remarkably decreased with assessment of reclamation duration. Decreasing tendency was pronounced more in sandy soil than silty loam or clayly soil. 2. Soil organic matter content in top soil was increased with increasing of reclamation years. From reclamation time, about 30 years in clayly and about 80 years in silty loam and sandy soil were necessary for the maintanance of averaged organic matter content to 2.5%. 3. Potassium activity ratio ($K/{\sqrt{Ca+Mg+Na}}$) was differed with soil depth, soil texture and assessment of reclamation duration. About 50 years is may be necessary for the maintanance of potassium activities ratio in ordinary paddy soil of 0.05-0.2. 4. Percent of adsorbed sodium (PAS), ratio of adsorbed sodium (RAS) and ratio of sodium adsorbtion(RSA) were remarkably decreased with assessment of reclamation duration. Specially, decreasing tendency was pronounced more in sandy soil than silty loam and clayly soil 5. Amount of clay content in subsoil was appearently decreased during 30 years of reclamation, but clay contents in top soil was appearently decreased 50 years after reclamation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.586-593
• /
• 2014

Newly reclaimed tidal land is known to be in low status of soil fertility. The incorporation of crop residue is an effective method to improve soil properties and fertility in reclaimed saline soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of rice straw (RS) application to improve physico-chemical properties of saline-sodic soil and its contribution to productivity of whole crop barley. Increasing rate of rice straw improved growth parameter related to yield of whole crop barley, which increased tiller number significantly (p<0.05).The yield increased by 15% (F.W) and 9% (D.W) in rice straw-amended plots. The content of soil organic matter (SOM) in the surface soil (0-20cm) with rice straw incorporation increased by 5~9% (RS 2.5~RS 7.5) compared to RS 0, in which the content of SOM decreased after two consecutive cultivations. Rice straw incorporation promoted soil physico-chemical properties and nutrient-availability of the test crop, as indicated in change in soil bulk density, porosity and increased nutrient uptake of plant. Especially, the P content and uptake of whole crop barley increased with increasing the rate of rice straw application. In conclusion, the rice straw application at rates of $5.0-7.5ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ in reclaimed saline soils effectively improved soil properties and crop productivity, which has potentials to reduce the loss of chemical fertilizers and facilitate the favorable condition for crop growth under adverse soil condition.