• 제목/요약/키워드: organic and fatty acids

검색결과 352건 처리시간 0.024초

휘발성지방산으로부터 미생물연료전지에 의한 전기 생산 (Electricity Generation from Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) Using a Microbial Fuel Cell)

  • 오상은;김수정;양재의;정영상
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.179-185
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    • 2007
  • 미생물연료전지는 유기성 폐기물을 처리하면서 동시에 전기에너지를 얻을 수 있다는 측면에서 커다란 장점을 가지고 있다. 대부분의 유기성폐기물들이 발효과정을 거치면서 고농도의 VFAs가 생성되므로 미생물연료전지가 이들 VFAs로부터 전기를 얻을 수 있는지 알아보는 것은 아주 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 acetate, propionate, butyrate 및 실제 폐수인 식품가공폐수로부터 미생물 연료전지를 이용하여 전기발생 여부를 알아보았으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 미생물연료전지를 이용하여 VFAs(acetate, propionate, butyrate)와 식품가공폐수로부터 전기를 얻을 수 있었고 투여한 acetate 농도에 비례하여 cathode로 전달되는 전자(Coulomb)는 비례하였다. 낮은 농도의 acetate에서 발생파워와 acetate 농도 사이에는 비례관계를 보였다. 이는 미생물연료전지가 낮은 농도의 유기물을 측정하는 센서로서의 가능성을 보여준다. acetate에 순화된 산화전극에 butyrate를 넣었을 때 순화의 시간이 필요하였으며 일정 순화시간 후 voltage가 증가하였다. 그러나 propionate를 넣었을 때는 순화시간 없이 급격하게 voltage가 상승하였다. 따라서 미생물연료전지의 생성파워가 향상된다면 유기성 폐기물을 처리하면서 실생활에 이용할 수 있는 전기로 변환하는 장치로서 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

볏짚의 가수분해과정중 유기산 생성 특성 (Characteristics of Volatile Fatty Acids Release During the Hydrolysis of Rice Straw)

  • 홍승길;신중두;허정욱;박우균;신현선
    • 유기물자원화
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.36-43
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    • 2012
  • 농업 바이오매스를 혐기소화 시스템에 투입 가능성 여부를 구명하기 위해, 생산량이 가장 많은 볏짚을 원료로 하여 전처리에 따른 볏짚의 가수분해과정에서 휘발성유기산(VFAs)의 변화 특성을 조사하였다. 전처리는 3 cm 절단과 분쇄, $35^{\circ}C$$55^{\circ}C$, 알카리 처리, 교반속도 등을 조사하였다. 총 휘발성유기산(TVFAs)의 농도는 가수분해 시간이 경과하면서 증가하였다. 볏짚의 크기에서는 분쇄한 시료가 3cm 절단 시료에 비해 분쇄한 시료에서 TVFAs의 농도가 높게 나타났으며, 알칼리를 처리한 시료는 처리전에 비해 3배 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 교반속도별로는 온도에 따라 다르게 나타났는데 $35^{\circ}C$에서는 150 rpm이, $55^{\circ}C$에서는 80rpm과 200 rpm에서 TVFAs의 농도가 높게 관측되었다. 전체적으로는 TVFAs중에서 acetic acid가 대부분이었으며, TVFAs와 유사한 증감경향을 보였다. 섬유소의 변화는 셀룰로스와 헤미셀룰로스가 약간 감소하였으나, 리그닌은 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다.

원료콩의 증자조건을 달리한 검정콩 간장의 유리당, 유기산 및 지방산의 변화 (Changes in Free Sugars, Organic Acids and Fatty Acid Composition of Kanjang Prepared with Different Cooking Conditions of Whole Black Bean)

  • 권선화;최재훈;고영란;손미예;박석규
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.333-338
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    • 2003
  • 콩의 증자조건에 따른 검정콩 전통간장의 숙성 후 유리당, 유기산, 지방산조성을 조사하였다. pH 값은 5.04~5.32로 시험구간의 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았고, 원료 콩을 상압증자한 검정콩 간장이 가압이나 스팀보다는 약간 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 적정산도는 4.26~7.72 mL로 나타났으며, 가압 증자한 검정콩 간장(4.26~5.61 mL)이 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 상압(7.32 mL), 스팀(5.99~6.96 mL)의 순으로 나타났다. 환원당은 25.18~194.81 mg%로 나타났고, 상압이 25.18mg%로 가장 낮았으며. 가압이나 스팀증자한 검정콩 간장의 경우 상호간에는 큰 차이가 없지만, 상압한 것보다는 7~8배 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 주요 유리당은 glucose, fructose, xylose였으며, 스팀증자한 검정콩 간장이 상압이나 가압보다 각각의 유리당 모두가 많았고, 상압증자는 유리당이 극히 미량으로 검출되었다. 주요 유기산은 succinic acid, oxalic aicd, tartaric aci, malic acid, citric acid였고, 총 유기산은 스팀증자(40.38~76.96 mg%)한 검정콩 간장이 상압(55.85 mg%)이나 가압(27.78~34.21 mg%)한 것보다 많았다. 증자 처리시간이 길수록 가압과 스팀으로 처리하여 제조된 검정콩 간장은 약간씩 감소되는 경향을 나타내었다. 주요 지방산은 palmitic acid(33.28~43.51%), stearic acid(14.15~19.16%), myristic acid(5.93~19.14%)였으며, 전체 지방산 중에 55.97~72.85% 비율을 차지하였고, 원료 콩에 존재하지 myristic acid가 상당히 많이 존재하였다.

CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOHYDROGEN PRODUCTION AND MICROBIAL COMMUNITY AS A FUNCTION OF SUBSTRATE CONCENTRATION

  • Youn, Jong-Ho;Shin, Hang-Sik
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.7-14
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    • 2005
  • The feasibility of hydrogen production with a raw seed sludge through direct acclimation of feedstock was investigated at acidogenic stage, and methane was harvested at followed methanogenic stage in an anaerobic two-stage process. Hydrogen content was higher than 57% at all tested organic loading rates (OLRs) and the yield of hydrogen ranged from 1.5 to 2.4 mol H2/mol hexose consumed and peaked at 6 gVSl-1day-1. Normal butyrate and acetate were main volatile fatty acids (VFAs), whereas the concentration of propionate was insignificant. The hydrogen-producing bacteria, Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum, was detected with strong intensity at all tested organic loading rates (OLRs) by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. From COD balance in the process, the fraction of the feed-COD converted to the hydrogen-COD at acidogenic stage ranged from 7.9% to 9.3% and peaked at 6 gVSl-1day-1, whereas the fraction of feed-COD converted to the methane-COD at methanogenic stage ranged from 66.2% to 72.3% and peaked at 3 gVSl-1day-1.

Effects of Cod Liver Oil and Chromium Picolinate Supplements on the Serum Traits, Egg Yolk Fatty Acids and Cholesterol Content in Laying Hens

  • Lien, Tu-Fa;Wu, Chaen-Ping;Lu, Jin-Jenn
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제16권8호
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    • pp.1177-1181
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    • 2003
  • This study investigated the effects of cod liver oil and chromium picolinate on the serum traits and egg yolk fatty acids and cholesterol content in laying hens. One hundred 45-week old single comb white Leghorn laying hens were assigned randomly to four groups. These groups were: (1) control (soybean oil), (2) 1,000 ppb (${\mu}g/kg$) chromium (organic form chromium picolinate) (Crpic), (3) 3% cod liver oil (CLO), and (4) 1,000 ppb chromium with 3% cod liver oil (CLO+Crpic). The experiment was conducted for 40 days. Results indicated that serum triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesterol contents in the CLO group and the serum glucose content in the Crpic group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p<0.05-0.01). The yolk cholesterol content in the CLO and Crpic groups were also lower than the control group (p<0.01). The lipoprotein profile displayed that in the Crpic group, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly higher (P<0.05) than the control group. Meanwhile, low-density lipoprotein+very low-density lipoprotein (LDL+VLDL) and LDL-C+VLDL-C were significantly lower (p<0.05) than the control group. Notably, of all four groups, the CLO group displayed a more profound effect on serum traits and lipoprotein (p<0.05-0.001). Furthermore, the fatty acid composition of the egg yolks presented that C18:2 in the CLO and Crpic groups was significantly lower (p<0.05-0.001) compare to the control. However, only in the CLO group, C18:3, C20:5 and C22:6 were significantly higher (p<0.001) than the control. Only serum glucose and LDL+VLDL showed the CLO${\times}$Crpic interaction (p<0.05), most parameters did not. Therefore, supplemented chromium picolinate or cod liver oil in the diet of laying hens had beneficial effects. However, when these two factors were combined, there was no interaction with most parameters.

박피 유무에 따른 전처리 연근의 이화학적 특성 (Effect of Peeled Lotus Root on Physicochemical Properties)

  • 황동주;강은정;김진숙;김경미
    • 동아시아식생활학회지
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    • 제24권6호
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    • pp.793-801
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구는 혈관벽 강화, 콜레스테롤 저하작용, 위벽보호, 해독작용, 치매예방 등의 효과가 있는 것으로 알려진 연근을 식품소재로써 활용하고자 가공 전처리한 연근의 성분을 분석하고, 분말 이용성을 조사하였다. 박피 여부에 따른 연근분말의 이화학적 성분을 분석한 결과, 박피하지 않는 연근이 이화학적 성분 항목에서 박피한 연근보다 함량이 높았다. 색도의 경우, 박피하지 않는 연근의 밝기와 황색도는 감소하였으나, 적색도는 유의적으로 증가하였다. 무기질 함량은 박피하지 않은 연근분말에서 마그네슘, 칼슘, 철, 나트륨이 더 높게 검출되었고, 박피한 연근분말은 칼륨이 더 높게 검출되었다. 박피하지 않은 연근분말의 경우, linolenic acid와 behenic acid 함량이 박피한 연근보다 높았다. 유리당 함유량은 박피하지 않은 연근분말의 총 유리당 함량이 더 높게 검출되었는데, 이는 fructose, sucrose 및 maltose의 경우에 차이가 있었고, glucose는 함량의 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 유기산 함유량은 박피로 인해 전체 함량이 증가하였다. 또한 유리 아미노산 함유량에서도 필수, 비필수 아미노산 모두 박피한 연근이 더 높게 검출되었다. 하지만 박피하는데 시간과 인력이 소모되고, 박피 시 연근의 조직 손상이 많으며, 미생물의 오염에 노출되어 있고, 껍질에 다량의 영양 성분이 있을 것으로 예상된다. 또한 박피하지 않은 연근이 맛에 관련된 품질요소 및 생리활성 물질을 함유하고 있을 것이라 사료되어 추후 연구가 지속되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

Solid State Fermentation Reactor를 이용한 유기성 폐기물의 발효 (Composting of Organic Wastes by solid State Fermentation Reactor)

  • 홍운표;이신영
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.311-319
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    • 1999
  • Leaves of Aloe vera Linne and bloods of domestic animal were composted in a soild state fermentation reactor (SSFR) by using microbial additive including a bulking and moisture controlling agent. From solid-culture of microbial additive, 10 species of bacteria and 10 species of fungi were isolated and, their enzyme activities including amylase, carboxy methyl cellulase CMCase, lipase and protease were detected. Optimum fermentation conditions of Aloe leaves and domestic animal bloods in SSFR were obtained from the studies of response surface analysis employing microbial additive content, initial moisture content, and fermentation temperature as the independent variables. The optimum conditions for SSFR using Aloe leaves were obtained at 9.45$\pm$73%(w/w) of microbial additives, 62.73$\pm$4.54%(w/w) of initial moisture content and 55.32$\pm$3.14$^{\circ}C$ of fermentation temperature while those for SSFR using domestic animal bloods were obtained at 10.25$\pm$2.04%, 58.68$\pm$4.97% and 57.85$\pm$5.$65^{\circ}C$, respectively. Composting process in SSFR was initially proceeded through fermentation and solid materials were decomposed within 24 hours by maintaining higher moisture level, and maturing and drying steps are followed later. After the fermentation step, the concentrations of solid phase inorganic components were increased while that of organic components were decreased. Also, concentrations of total organic carbon(TOC), peptides, amino acids, polysaccharides, and low fatty acids in water extracts were increased. As fermentation in composting process depends on initial C/N ratios in water extracts of two samples were increased because of increased water-soluble TOC. From these results, it was revealed that solid state fermentation reactor using microbial additives can be used in composting process of organic wastes with broad C/N ratio.

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Stress-induced secondary carotenogenesis in Coelastrella rubescens (Scenedesmaceae, Chlorophyta), a producer of value-added keto-carotenoids

  • Minyuk, Galina;Chelebieva, Elina;Chubchikova, Irina;Dantsyuk, Natalia;Drobetskaya, Irina;Sakhon, Evgenii;Chekanov, Konstantin;Solovchenko, Alexei
    • ALGAE
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.245-259
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    • 2017
  • We report on the culture growth and stress-induced secondary carotenogenesis in a biotechnologically promising but largely unexplored chlorophyte Coelastrella rubescens strain Vinatzer/Innsbruck V 195. Changes in the cell morphometry, biomass accumulation, its carotenoid and fatty acid profiles were followed in the cultures supplemented with either inorganic ($CO_2$) or organic (sodium acetate) carbon on the background of low-pH stress. Collectively, the results of the study characterize C. rubescens as a biotechnologically promising, potentially double-purpose organism. It produces several secondary keto-carotenoids with a considerable proportion of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin. At the same time, the cell lipid fatty acid profile of this microalga is suitable for obtaining a high-quality biodiesel complying with the strictest EN14214 European standard.

Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from a Swine Shed

  • Osaka, Nao;Miyazaki, Akane;Tanaka, Nobuyuki
    • Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.178-191
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    • 2018
  • The concentrations and chemical compositions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including volatile fatty acids, phenols, indoles, aldehydes, and ketones, which are the main organic compounds generated by swine, were investigated in July and October 2016 and January 2017. In addition, the emission rates and annual emissions of these components from the swine shed were estimated. The concentrations of VOCs in the swine shed averaged $511.3{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$ in summer, $315.5{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$ in fall and $218.6{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$ in winter. Acetone, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid were the predominant components of the VOCs, accounting for 80-88% of the total VOCs. The hourly variations of VOC concentrations in the swine shed in fall and winter suggest that the VOC concentrations were related to the ventilation rate of the swine shed, the activity of the swine, and the temperature in the swine shed. Accordingly, the emission rates of VOCs from the swine shed were $1-2{\times}10^3{\mu}g(h\;kg-swine)^{-1}$.

Effect of Rice Bran and Wood Charcoal on Soil Properties and Yield of Continuous Cropping of Red Pepper

  • Won, J.G.;Jang, K.S.;Hwang, J.E.;Kwon, O.H.;Jeon, S.G.;Park, S.G.;Park, K.C.;Suh, Y.J.
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제19권spc호
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    • pp.218-221
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    • 2011
  • To improve the soil properties of physical and microbial community rice bran and wood charcoal were applied in the continuously cultivated plastic film house soil. Soil physical properties were improved by application of rice bran and charcoal compared to chemical fertilizer application (control) by 8~14% in bulk density and 5~9% in soil porosity. Changes in the biological ratio indexes of fatty acids in the soils were detected depending on the inputted materials. Especially in application of rice bran including mixture with charcoal, much more fungi and less bacteria were detected and the ratio of fungi to bacteria was increased, suggesting the more organic carbon metabolically active in these treatments. The high ratio of aerobe to anaerobe suggested the better aerobic conditions were in the soil inputted wood charcoal. From these results, it is important and possible to select some materials for the organic pepper cultivation, which may improve the poor condition soil.