• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.102-115
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate transport activities and strategize improvement of 119 rescue. We reviewed emergency care records of users who were transported by 119 rescue of six agencies in Chungnam from July 13, 1998 to August 8, 1998. The results were as follows ; 1. In sex distribution of users, the male was 65.0%. And the highest age group among users was above sixties(21.6%), then thirties in second order(19.3%). Accident was 50.8% as occupied first cause of transport, and then acute disease 22.8%. The highest requester for 119 rescue call was patient's families(47.1%) and average number of 119 rescue users per day was 20.9. 2. The nonurgent state of users was 58.9%. The frequency of users was 26.0 persons at sunday in most frequently, weekend and holiday was more common than ordinary day, and most frequent weather state was cloudy(23.8 persons). 3. Total running distance of 119 ambulance was 7.0km in average. Call time by users was 20-24 hours most commonly(21.9%). In then running time by each transport stage, 8 minutes were taken from 119 call receipt to scene arrival, 13 minutes from scene arrival to hospital. The kinds of pre-hospital care by 119 rescuer was vital sign check(81.2%), wound dressing or fracture fixation(41.2%), airway maintenance and O2 supply(30.4%).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.67-76
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• 2002

Self-leveling material(SLM) is one of the floor finishing materials which make flat surface like as water level by itself in a short time. So it is possible to increase construction speed and enhance economical efficiency. In this study, author intended to develop SLM for the industrial warehouse and factory loading heavy weight machinery and vehicles. The demanded properties for this type of SLM are above 20mm of flow value and above 300kgf/cm2 of 28-days compressive strength. To possess demended strength and fluidity, SLM have to be composed of many types of binders and chemical additives. So it is difficult to decide suitable mixing proportion of composition materials. In this study, author investigated the weight percentage effect of main composition materials for high-strength self-leveling material, by experimental design such as tables of orthogonal arrays and simplex design, and by statistical analysis such as analysis of variance and analysis of response surface. Variables of experiments were ordinary portland cement(OPC), alumina cement(AC), anhydrous gypsum(AG), lime stone(LS) and sand, and properties of tests were fluidity of fresh state and strength of hardened state. Results of this study are showed that suitable mix proportions of binders for the high strength self-leveling materials are two groups. One is 78~85.5% OPC, 7.5~9.5% AC, 9~12.5% AG and the other is 72.5~78% OPC, 9~12.5% AC, 13~l5% AG.

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.223-226
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• 2009

We measured the pH-induced spectral changes of yeast iso-1-cytochrome c on silver nanoparticle surfaces using surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) at 457.9 nm. At a pH of ~3, the Met80 ligand in yeast iso-1-cytochrome c is assumed to dissociate, leading to a marked conformational change as evidenced by the vibrational spectral shifts. The Soret band at ~410 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum shifted to ~396 nm at pH~3, indicating a transition from a low spin state to a high spin state from a weak interaction with a water molecule. Thus, SERRS spectroscopy can measure the pH-induced denaturalization of cyt c adsorbed on metal nanoparticle surfaces at a lower concentration with a better sensitivity than ordinary resonance Raman spectroscopy.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.877-882
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• 1996

The effects of periodic and chaotic behaviour in the Bonhoeffer-Van der Pol (BVP) oscillation of the nerve membrane driven by a periodic stimulating current A1 coswtare investigated through hardware implementation.For hardware implementation of the BVP model. real element values were escaled with computer simulation results to determine the parameter real value.As the parameter A1 varied in the range 0 to 1.3, the BVP model showed an ordinary and reversed period-doubling cascade and a chaotic state. At the low driving amplitude ofa1 the period-doubling showed and at the high driving amplitude of A1 the chaotic state occured. To analyse the BVP model for chaotic behaviour Phase Plane, Time series are used to verify that properties.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.631-639
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• 2007

This study investigated the construction and operation status of sewer pipes and water-purifier tanks near densely populated areas like large apartment complexes, in order to find out cause for offensive orders. The study results revealed that the main cause arose from the water-purifier tank and public sewer pipes near ordinary residential areas. First, in case of independent water-purifier tanks, the air is forced into the rotten part of large tanks nearby which should be operated in an anaerobic state, so that the tank changes into an aerobic state, or dirty water, which is returned during the sludge return process, falls on the top of the rotten tank, preventing scum from forming within the tank. Such problems cause incompletely purified water in the purifier tank to be discharged, which in turn results in filthy water. Second, in case of public sewer pipes, deteriorated or aging pipes, or the mixture of rain water and dirty water by mixing up combined and separated sewers system can cause foul odors in residential areas. Therefore, offensive odors in residential areas can be radically reduced through the appropriate construction and management of facilities including water-purifier tanks. As well, if more separate sewers are installed as part of an improvement project for public sewer pipes, complaints about foul smell can be minimized.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.46-57
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• 1990

TMCP steel manufactured by controlled rolling followed by accelerated cooling process is known to have extra-ordinary mechanical properties such as tensile strength and toughness. However, there is much uncertainty about the fatigue fracture characteristics, especially, in the welded state of this steel. In case of this steel, the softening zone by welding is generated in heat affected zone in contrast with the case of conventional normalized high strength steel. This softening zone is considered to play significant roles in low cycle fatigue fracture of the welded part of this steel. In this paper, the low cycle fatigue behaviors of TMCP steel were inspected in as-received and welded state using the smooth specimen. The fatigue life-time was seperately investigated on the basis of failure of the specimen and crack initiation which is detected by differential strain method. Moreover, the low cycle fatigue characteristics of TMCP steel were quantitatively compared with those of the conventional normalized steel of same strength level.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2007

The object of this paper is to design a biomedical signal measure systems based on sensor networks for the patient, integrated with computing technology. Using a combination of zigbee RF, embedded hardware and software technologies, as it allows the healthcare center to receive the information on emergency situations and the ordinary state of the patients individually or simultaneously, the healthcare center can copy with quickly a state of emergency and assist the normal life of the patient. In order to meet the low power and other requirements for the proposed system, we introduce a zigbee based RP which is the most suitable solution for improving the performance of our beeper system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.2098-2110
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• 1992

An analysis is presented for the combination resonance of a clamped circular plate, which occurs when the frequency of the excitation is near the combination of the natural frequencies, that is, when ohm.=2.0mega.／sub 1／+omega.／sub 2／. The internal resonance, Omega.／sub 3／=omega.／sub 1／+2.omega.／sub 2／, is considered and its influence on the response is studied. The clamped circular plate experiencing mid-plane stretching is governed by a nonlinear partial differential equation. By using Galerkin's method the governing equation is reduced to a system of nonautonomous ordinary differential equations. The method of multiple scales is used to obtain steady-state responses of the system. Results of numerical investigations show that the increase of the excitation amplitude can reduce the amplitudes of steady-state responses. We can not find this kind of results in linear systems.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.179-193
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• 2012

The hydration of cement contributes to the performance characteristics of concrete, such as strength and durability. In order to improve the utilization efficiency of cement and its early properties, the particle size distribution (PSD) of cement varies considerably, and the effects of the particle size distribution of cement on the hydration process should be considered. In order to evaluate effects of PSD separately, experiments testing the isothermal heat generated during the hydration of cements with different particle size distributions but the same chemical composition have been carried out. The measurable hydration depth for cement hydration was proposed and deduced based on the experimental results, and a PSD hydration model was developed in this paper for simulating the effects of particle size distribution on the hydration process of cement. First, a reference hydration rate was derived from the isothermal heat generated by the hydration of ordinary Portland cement. Then, the model was extended to take into account the effect of water-to-cement ratio, hereinafter which was referred to as PSD hydration model. Finally, the PSD hydration model was applied to simulate experiments measuring the isothermal heat generated by the hydration of cement with different particle size distributions at different water-to-cement ratios. This showed that the PSD hydration model had simulated the effects of particle size distribution and water-to-cement ratio on the hydration process of cement with satisfactory accuracy.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1193-1214
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• 2016

In this paper, the 3D stress state and inter-laminar stresses in a rotating thin laminated cylinder shell are studied. The thickness of the cylinder is supposed to be thin and it is made of laminated composite material and can have general layer stacking. The governing equations of the cylindrical shell are obtained by employing the Layerwise theory (LWT). The effect of rotation is considered as rotational body force which is induced due to the rotation of the cylinder about its axis. The Layerwise theory (LWT), is used to discrete the partial differential equations of the problem to ordinary ones, in terms of the displacements of the mathematical layers. By applying the Free boundary conditions the solution of the governing equations is completed and the stress state, the inter-laminar stresses, and the edge effect in the rotating cylindrical shells are investigated in the numerical results. To verify the results, LWT solution is compared with the results of the FEM solution and good agreements are achieved. The inter-laminar normal and shear stresses in rotating cylinder are studied and effects of layer stacking and angular velocity is investigated in the numerical results.