• 구강회복응용과학지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.275-282
• /
• 2001

Centric relation is defined the horizontal position between maxilla and mandible when condylar head of mandible is positioned adequately in mandibular fossa. The most recent concept of centric relation position is defined as the mandibular position in which the condyles are in their most superoanterior position in the articular fossa, resting against the posterior slope of the articular eminences, with the articular disk properly interposed. To be suitable as a reference point during occlusal management, a mandibular position of centric relation has to be functionally acceptable to the patient and clinically reproducible and achievable during everyday practice. There are numerous methods for determination of centric relation, and in this study we used three of them, Gothic arch tracing(Group I), leaf gauge(Group II), and anterior jig(Group III). The subjects were 10, 8 men and 2 women, age-ranged from 23 to 26 years old, had no prosthetics in thier mouth, and had no sign and symptom of temporomandibular disorders. We gained three occlusal records using each method, and then the degree of the reproducibility was examined with split cast technique. In this study the reproducibility of centric relation using split cast technique was greater in the order of Group I(mean 1.6), Group II(mean 1.4), and Group III(mean 1.3), but there was no significant differences among them statistically(p>0.05).

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.67-86
• /
• 2007

The present study purposed to examine adolescents' peer relation quality, and school life maladjustment according to the characteristic of their mobile phone use and their mobile phone addiction. The subjects of this study were 490 middle/high school students in Namyangju City. A survey was conducted using a self reporting questionnaire, and collected data were analyzed with SPSS 12.0. The results are as follows. First, mobile phone use was different according to gender, school year and the degree of mobile phone addiction. Second, the addiction group was 12.9% of the subjects, the dependent group was 52.7%, and the non addiction group and 34.5%. Third, in the addiction group, the negative factors of peer relation quality were significantly higher than the positive factors of peer relation quality. Fourth, in the addiction group, all the factors of school life maladjustment were significantly high. Fifth, school life maladjustment was higher when the degree of mobile phone addiction was high and when the negative factors of peer relation quality were high. This suggests the necessity for education on the right use of the mobile phone and mobile phone addiction treatment program; in order to improve adolescents' peer relation quality and ease their school life maladjustment. The results of this study are expected to be useful in developing effective interventions for adolescents' healthy growth.

• 천문학회지
• /
• 제49권5호
• /
• pp.193-198
• /
• 2016

Early-type galaxies (ETGs) are supposed to follow the virial relation $M=k_e{\sigma}^2R_e/G$, with M being the mass, σ_* being the stellar velocity dispersion, R_e being the effective radius, G being Newton's constant, and k_e being the virial factor, a geometry factor of order unity. Applying this relation to (a) the ATLAS^3D sample of Cappellari et al. (2013) and (b) the sample of Saglia et al. (2016) gives ensemble-averaged factors 〈k_e〉 = 5.15 ± 0.09 and 〈k_e〉 = 4.01 ± 0.18, respectively, with the difference arising from different definitions of effective velocity dispersions. The two datasets reveal a statistically significant tilt of the empirical relation relative to the theoretical virial relation such that $M{\propto}({\sigma}^2_*R_e)^{0.92}$. This tilt disappears when replacing R_e with the semi-major axis of the projected half-light ellipse, a. All best-fit scaling relations show zero intrinsic scatter, implying that the mass plane of ETGs is fully determined by the virial relation. Whenever a comparison is possible, my results are consistent with, and confirm, the results by Cappellari et al. (2013). The difference between the relations using either a or R_e arises from a known lack of highly elliptical high-mass galaxies; this leads to a scaling (1 - ϵ ) ∝ M^0.12, with ϵ being the ellipticity and $R_e=a\sqrt[]{1-{\epsilon}}$. Accordingly, a, not R_e, is the correct proxy for the scale radius of ETGs. By geometry, this implies that early-type galaxies are axisymmetric and oblate in general, in agreement with published results from modeling based on kinematics and light distributions.

• 직업교육연구
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.143-159
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 중 고등학생들의 또래관계에 있어서 가장 기본적인 측면들을 평가할 수 있는 청소년용 또래관계검사를 개발하고 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하는데 목적을 두었다. 본 연구는 예비문항 내용의 적절성 및 타당성을 검토하고 최종검사를 개발하기 위하여 부산시 소재 3개 중학교와 3개 고등학교 학생 600명(남 306명, 여 294명)을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하고, 이로부터 4개의 주요 요인을 추출하고 문항의 의미를 고려하여 최종 42문항, 5점 평정척도를 개발하였다. 이렇게 개발된 또래관계검사를 타당화하기 부산시 소재 2개 중학교와 2개 고등학교 학생 400명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 타당도 조사에서는 이미 개발되어 있는 2개의 또래관계 관련 척도들과의 상관분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 또래관계검사 문항의 타당도가 비교적 높은 것으로 입증되었다. 이상을 요약하면 본 또래관계검사는 내적합치도, 신뢰도, 타당도 측면에서 신뢰롭고 타당하다고 할 수 있다. 그리고 청소년 또래관계의 가장 기본적인 측면들을 종합적으로 평가할 뿐만 아니라 예비규준을 제시하여 집단과의 비교가 가능하게 하여 청소년들의 또래관계의 현황을 파악하고 상담계획을 수립하는데 도움이 될 것이라고 생각된다.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제26권3_4호
• /
• pp.689-706
• /
• 2008

In this paper, a fifth order numerical method is presented for solving singularly perturbed two point boundary value problems with a boundary layer at one end point. The two point boundary value problem is transformed into general first order ordinary differential equation system. A discrete approximation of a fifth order compact difference scheme is presented for the first order system. An asymptotically equivalent first order equation of the original singularly perturbed two point boundary value problem is obtained from the theory of singular perturbations. It is used in the fifth order compact difference scheme to get a two term recurrence relation and is solved. Several linear and non-linear singular perturbation problems have been solved and the numerical results are presented to support the theory. It is observed that the present method approximates the exact solution very well.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.487-494
• /
• 2015

A calculation of the Kullback-Leibler information of consecutive order statistics is complicated because it depends on a multi-dimensional integral. Park (2014) discussed a representation of the Kullback-Leibler information of the first r order statistics in terms of the hazard function and simplified the r-fold integral to a single integral. In this paper, we first express the Kullback-Leibler information in terms of the reversed hazard function. Then we establish a generalized result of Park (2014) to an arbitrary consecutive order statistics. We derive a single integral form of the Kullback-Leibler information of an arbitrary block of order statistics; in addition, its relation to the Fisher information of order statistics is discussed with numerical examples provided.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.201-207
• /
• 1992

The algorithm for obtaining the isotonic regression in simple tree order, the most basic and simplest model next to the simple order, is considered. We propose to call it "Pool-the-Maximum-Violators" algorithm (PMVA) in conjunction with the "Pool-Adjacent-Violators" algorithm (PAVA) in the simple order. The dual problem of obtaining the isotonic regression in simple tree order is our main concern. An intuitively appealing relation between the primal and the dual problems is demonstrated. The interesting difference is that in simple order the required number of pooling is at least the number of initial violating pairs and any path leads to the solution, whereas in the simple tree order it is at most the number of initial violators and there is only one advisable path although there may be some others leading to the same solution.o the same solution.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제7권
• /
• pp.39-42
• /
• 1967

가잠이중교배에 있어서 차대잠산란순서를 조사한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 교배순서에 의하여 양웅성 잠품종의 수정란이 순서적으로 산란하는 것이 아니고 초산란구에 제 2차교미 잠품종의 수정란이 도의와는 반대로 종산란구에 제 1차교미잠품종의 수정란이 섞여서 산란됨을 알았다. 따라서 제 1차교미 잠품종의 정자와 제 2차교미 잠품종의 정자는 정소내에서 완전히 혼정된다는 것을 의미한다. 2. 이중교배에 있어서 수정력의 강도는 잠품종과 교배순서가 지배하며 이 이외에 약간의 원인이 작용한다고 본다.

• 대한산업공학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 1985

This paper studies the two supplier inventory system in which order-level inventory policy with constant leadtimes is adopted. An optimal ordering policy to achieve the expected minimum total inventory cost is found by utilizing the concepts of the equivalence relation. Sensitivity analysis of the system parameters, the replenishment cost and the unit price, is done through a numerical example.

• 한국진공학회지
• /
• 제7권s1호
• /
• pp.149-155
• /
• 1998

The linear electro-optic (EO) effect is one of the second-order nonlinear optical effects existing in a noncentrosymmetric macroscopic system. In a polymer thin film, the noncentrosymmetry is achieved by electric field poling. The magnitude of the linear EO response is determined through the orientational distribution function of hyperpolarizable molecular dipoles. The relation between the linear EO coefficient and the second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility is explained. Three different methods of measuring the linear EO coefficient of a poled nonliner optical polymer thin film are introduced and discussed. All of them make use of the interferometric technique, the difference being in the optical parameters which are interfering.