• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.293-300
• /
• 2011

Purpose: Substance P is a well known neurotransmitter and has been known to mediate pain. Recently, it has been unveiled that substance P is involved in the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells to wound sites. The purpose of this study was to exam bone formation when a combination of substance P and silk fibroin was used in a bone defect model. Methods: Twenty rabbits were used and 40 calvarial defects were formed. They were divided as 4 groups (unfilled control, silk only, silk+$10{\mu}g$/ml substance P; Sub10, and silk+$100{\mu}g$/ml substance P; Sub100). All animals were humanely sacrificed 4 or 8 weeks after grafting. The specimens were analyzed by micro-computerized tomography and histological analysis. Results: When compared to the unfilled control to silk only group, there was significant difference in bone mineral density (BMD) and the attenuation coefficient (AC) at 4 weeks ($p$=0.037 and 0.038, respectively). When compared Sub10 group to Sub100 group, there was significant difference in BMD and AC at 8 weeks ($p$=0.004 for all). Residual graft amounts were $52.1{\pm}15.8$%, $15.2{\pm}9.2$% and $9.0{\pm}3.3$% for silk only, Sub10, and Sub100 groups, respectively. When comparing the residual graft amount of silk only to sub10 or sub100, the differences were statistically significant ($p$ <0.001). Conclusion: The silk fibroin scaffold showed higher BMD and AC than the unfilled control. The combination graft with substance P and silk fibroin scaffold showed a faster graft degradation than with a silk fibroin scaffold only.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.199-202
• /
• 2011

Purpose: Hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone in the anterior of the neck. Hyoid bone fractures are exceedingly rare and represent only 0.002% of all fractures because of its protective position relative to the mandible and its suspension by elastic musculature. We report a patient who presented hyoid bone fracture associated with hypoglossal nerve palsy. We also discuss the possible complication and treatment. Methods: A 69-year-old man was transferred from another institution because of persistent purulent discharge from the left chin. He had a history of trauma in which a knuckle crane grabbed his face and neck in the construction site. A CT scan at the time of the accident demonstrated a comminuted fracture of the right side of the mandible and hyoid bone fracture at the junction between body and right greater cornua. The displaced fracture of hyoid bone and fullness in the pre-epiglottic space were noted, probably indicating some edema. The patient was transferred into ICU after treatment of emergency tracheostomy because the patient showed respiratory distress rapidly. When the patient was hospitalized in our emergency room, he complained of dysphagia and pain when swallowing. On examination of oral cavity, the presence of muscle wasting with fasciculation of the tongue was noted and the tongue deviates to the left side on protruding from the mouth. Pharyngolarygoscopy was performed to make sure that there was no evidence of progressive swelling and pharyngeal laceration. Results: The patient underwent surgical removal of dead and infected tissue from the wound and reconstruction of mandibular bony defect by iliac bone grafting. Hyoid bone fracture was managed conservatively with oral analgesics, soft diet and restricted movement. Hypoglossal nerve palsy was resolved within 7 weeks after trauma without complications. Conclusion: Closed hyoid bone fracture is usually uncomplicated and thus it can be treated conservatively. Surgical intervention for hyoid bone fracture is recommended for patient with airway compromise, pharyngeal perforation and painful symptoms which show no response to conservative care. Furthermore, since respiratory distress syndrome may develop quickly, close observation is required. Besides, hypoglossal nerve palsy is a rarely recognized complication of hyoid bone fracture.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.120-126
• /
• 2015

Purpose: With the significance of stable adhesion of alveolar bone and peri-implant soft tissue on the surface of titanium for successful dental implantation procedure, the purpose of this study was to apply microgrooves on the titanium surface and investigate their effects on peri-implant cells and tissues. Methods: Three types of commercially pure titanium discs were prepared; machined-surface discs (A), sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA)-treated discs (B), SLA and microgroove-formed discs (C). After surface topography of the discs was examined by confocal laser scanning electron microscopy, water contact angle and surface energy were measured. Human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) and murine osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) were seeded onto the titanium discs for immunofluorescence assay of adhesion proteins. Commercially pure titanium implants with microgrooves on the coronal microthreads design were inserted into the edentulous mandible of beagle dogs. After 2 weeks and 6 weeks of implant insertion, the animal subjects were euthanized to confirm peri-implant tissue healing pattern in histologic specimens. Results: Group C presented the lowest water contact angle ($62.89{\pm}5.66{\theta}$), highest surface energy ($45{\pm}1.2mN/m$), and highest surface roughness ($Ra=22.351{\pm}2.766{\mu}m$). The expression of adhesion molecules of hGFs and MC3T30E1 cells was prominent in group C. Titanium implants with microgrooves on the coronal portion showed firm adhesion to peri-implant soft tissue. Conclusions: Microgrooves on the titanium surface promoted the adhesion of gingival fibroblasts and osteoblastic cells, as well as favorable peri-implant soft tissue sealing.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.597-610
• /
• 2001

Normal gingival fibroblasts functioning is fundamental for the maintenance of periodontal connective tissue as well as wound healing. Nicotine have been found to affect DNA synthesis and cell proliferation, which appear to depend on the type of cells. This in vitro study was done to determine the effects of nicotine, a major component of tobacco, on cell proliferation, viability, activity, cell cycle distribution, and expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins in human gingival fibroblasts. Nicotine has been tested for 2 days or 4 days in 5 different concentrations; $0.1{\mu}g/ml$; $1{\mu}g/ml$; $10{\mu}g/ml$; $100{\mu}g/ml$; $1000{\mu}g/ml$. To assess cell proliferation and viability, viable and non-viable cells were counted by hemocytometer; to evaluate cellular activity, MTT assay was employed; to analyze cell cycle distribution, fluorescent propidium iodide-DNA complex were measured using fluorocytometer; to determine the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, western blot analysis was performed. After 2 days and 4 days incubation respectively, at concentrations of $1{\mu}g/ml$ - $1000{\mu}g/ml$, nicotine significantly inhibited proliferation comparing to non-supplemented controls. The cell viability was significantly decreased after 2 days and 4 days at concentrations of $1{\mu}g/ml$ - $1000{\mu}g/ml$ and at $10{\mu}g/ml$ - $1000{\mu}g/ml$ respectively. After 2 days and 4 days, the cellular activity was significantly decreased at concentrations of $10{\mu}g/ml$ - $1000{\mu}g/ml$. Treatment with $100{\mu}g/ml$ nicotine for 48 hours caused an increase in the proportion of G1-phase cells (from 46.41% to 53.46%) and a decrease in the proportion of S-phase cells (from 17.80% to 14.27%). The levels of cyclin $D_1$ and CDK 4 proteins in nicotine-treated fibroblasts were lower than that of controls, whereas the levels of p16 and pRB were higher than that of controls. These results suggest that the decrease of cell proliferation and lengthened Gap phases (G1) by nicotine may due to the increased expression of p16 and pRB as well as decreased expression of cyclin $D_1$ and CDK 4 in human gingival fibroblasts.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.101-106
• /
• 2014

Background: Remifentanil, an ultra-short-acting mu-opioid receptor agonist, is unique from other opioids because of its esterase-based metabolism, minimal accumulation, and very rapid onset and offset of clinical action. Remifentanil can prevent the inflammatory response and can suppress inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in a septic mouse model. However, the effects of remifentanil on human keratinocyte and autophagy have yet to be fully elucidated during hypoxia-reoxygenation. Here we investigated whether remifentanil confers protective effect against hypoxia-reoxygenation in human keratinocyte and, if so, whether autophagy mediates this effect. Methods: The human keratinocytes were cultured under 1% oxygen tension. The cells were gassed with 94% $N_2$, and 5% $CO_2$ and incubated for 24 h at $37^{\circ}C$. To determine whether the administration of affects human keratinocytes hypoxia-reoxygenation injury, cells were then exposed to various concentrations of remifentanil (0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 ng/ml) for 2 h. After remifentanil treatment, to simulate reoxygenation and recovery, the cells were reoxygenated for 12 h at $37^{\circ}C$. Control group did not receive remifentanil treatment. Normoxia group did not receive hypoxia and remifentanil treatment for 36 h. 3-MA group was treated 3-methyladenine (3-MA) for 1h before remifentanil treatment. Cell viability was measured using a quantitative colorimetric assay with MTT, showing the mitochondrial activity of living cells. Cells were stained with fluorescence and analyzed with Western blot analysis to find out any relations with activation of autophagy. Results: Prominent accumulation of autophagic specific staining MDC was observed around the nuclei in RPT group HaCaT cells. Similarly, AO staining, red fluorescent spots appeared in RPT group HaCaT cells, while the Normoxia, control and 3-MA groups showed mainly green cytoplasmic fluorescence. We here examined activation of autophagy related protein under H/R-induced cells by Western blotting analysis. Atg5, Beclin-1, LC3-II (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 form II) and p62 was elevated in RPT group cells. But they were decreased when autophagy was suppressed by 3-MA (Fig. 5). Conclusions: Although the findings of this study are limited to an in vitro interpretation, we suggest that remifentanil may have a beneficial effect in the recovery of wound from hypoxia-reoxygenation injury.

• 대한장애인치과학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.97-101
• /
• 2018

저자는 입술 및 혀에 대해 자해증상을 보이는 2명의 Lesch-Nyhan 증후군 환아에서 구강조직에 대한 자해행동을 예방하기 위해 soft mouth guard를 이용한 보존적 치료법과 전악발거의 침습적 방법을 이용하여 치료한 증례를 보고하는 바이다. Lesch-Nyhan 증후군 환자의 자해행동을 예방하기 위한 치료법은 아직 정립된 기준이 존재하지 않아 각 환자의 자해양상 및 정도에 따라 치료방법은 달라질 수 있다. 가능하다면 치아를 보존할 수 있는 장치 또는 BTX-A 제재 등을 이용한 보존적 방법을 먼저 시도해 보는 것이 좋다. 이 때 치료의 성공률을 높이기 위해서는 치과적 접근 이외에도 소아정신과와의 협진을 통한 정신심리학적 접근, 필요시 약물치료를 고려하는 것 등 여러 방향으로 접근하는 것이 더욱 바람직한 결과를 가져올 것으로 사료된다. 보존적 접근이 실패할 경우 더 이상의 조직상실과 전신적 감염 예방을 위해 극단적 방법이지만 전악발거를 고려해야 할 것이다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.403-414
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of the modified distraction osteogenesis (DO) method with the concept of overdistraction and compression stimulation which have been previously suggested by the authors in 2002 and to explore the optimal distraction-compression ratio and appropriate latency period for the compression force application during consolidation. The experimental specimens were assessed with radiography, histologic findings, and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) after the conventional DO method and the modified DO technique had been applied on rat mandibles. Total 60 rats were used for the study. In experimental group of 54 adult rats, mandibular osteotomies between the first and second molar areas were performed and customized external distractors were applied. The surgeries on 6 rats of control group also were done with same osteotomy technique and DO device application. Final amount of distraction was set-up as 2 mm on both groups. But, in a experimental group of 54 rats, distraction osteogenesis with a compression force were performed with the different distraction-compression ratio and variant latency periods for compression. The three ratio-subgroups were made as distraction 4 mm group with compression 2 mm, distraction 3 mm group with compression 1 mm, and distraction 2.5 mm group with compression 0.5 mm. In addition, The three subgroups with 3, 7, 11 days latency period prior compression were allocated on each ratio-subgroups. Total 9 subgroups consisted of 6 rats on each subgroup. In control group of 6 rats, conventional distraction technique were routinely performed. The rats of control groups were sacrificed on postoperative 3, 6 weeks after 2 mm distraction. The rats in the experimental groups also were sacrificed on the same euthanasia days of control groups to compare the wound healing. Final available specimens were 55 rats except 5 due to osteomyelitis, device dislodgement. Distraction-compression combined group on 6 weeks generally had showed increased bone mineral density than the same period group of conventional distraction technique on the DEXA study. More matured lamellar bone state and extended trabecular pattern in the combined group than those of control group were also observed in the histologic findings on 6 weeks. In the distraction-compression combined groups, the bone density of 2.5 mm distraction subgroups with 0.5 mm compression showed the highest value on the DEXA study among various force ratio groups. In the distraction-compression combined groups, the bone density of 3 day latency period subgroups showed the highest value on the DEXA study among various latency period groups for the compression application. From this study, we could deduce that 1/5 force ratio for the compression versus distraction, 3 day latency period prior compression application would be the most effective condition if modified distraction osteogenesis technique might be applicable. The modified DO method with a compression force may improve the quality of bone regenerate and shorten total treatment period in comparison with conventional DO technique clinically.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.103-115
• /
• 1999

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of periodontal tissue which has been lost due to destructive periodontal disease. Various periodontal procedures have been used throughout the years in an attempt to reestablish attachment of periodontal tissues to root surfaces affected by periodontitis. Flap debridement surgery has been demonstrated to be a successful procedure in gaining the probing attachment level and reducing probing depth. A tendency towards impaired wound healing following periodontal procedures in smokers has been clinically documented. But, previous clinical studies on healing response in smokers are based on a retrospective design. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcome following flap debridement surgery in smokers compared to nonsmokers. 25 patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis were included for study. Among these patients, 13 patients were smokers, and 12 patients were nonsmokers. Mucoperiosteal flap was raised with the sulcular incision. No antibiotic treatment was administered postsurgery. The patients was recalled at monthly intervals during a period of 6 months following the surgery. The patients were received supragingival scaling and oral hygiene reinforcement. All the recordings, including modified O' Leary plaque control record, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, probing attachment level,were recorded, presurgery and 6 months postsurgery. The changes of all the recordings at 6 months after flap debridement surgery revealed the following results: 1. PI on all the dentitions and surgical sites showed no statistical significance between smokers and nonsmokers at presurgery. But, smokers demonstrated a significantly lower % of PI than nonsmokers at 6 months postsurgery. 2. Smokers demonstrated a greater % of BOP sites than nonsmokers on the surgical sites and all the dentitions, presurgery and 6 months postsurgery. But, there was no statistical significance between two groups. 3. Smokers exhibited significantly less reduction of probing depth in the 3 mm or less probing pocket depth(PPD) group, 6mm or more PPD group and total PPD group when compared to nonsmokers at 6 months postsurgery. 4. Smokers exhibited significantly less gain of probing attachment level(PAL) in the 3mm or less PPD group, 6 mm or more PPD group and total PPD group when compared to nonsmokers at 6 months postsurgery.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.61-77
• /
• 2003

The major goals of periodontal therapy are the functional regeneration of periodontal supporting structures already destructed by periodontal disease as well as the reduction of signs and symptoms of progressive periodontal disease. There have been many efforts to develop materials and therapeutic methods to promote periodontal wound healing. Bone graft & guided tissue are being used for the regeneration of destroyed periodontium these days. Non-resorbable membranes were used for Guided tissue regeneration in early days, however more researches are focused on resorbable membranes these days. The aim of this study is to evaluate the osteogenesis of paradioxanone membrane on the calvarial critical size defect in Sprague Dawley rats. An 8 mm diameter surgical defect was produced with a trephine bur in the area of the midsagittal suture. The rats were divided into three groups: Untreated control group, Biomesh(R) group and paradioxanone group. The animals were sacrificed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgical procedure. The specimens were examined by histologic, histomorphometric analyses. The results are as follows: 1. In histological view on Biomesh(R), no visible signs of resorption was observed at 4 weeks but progressive resorption was observed at 8 weeks through 12 weeks. Paradioxanone membrane expanded at 4 weeks, and rapid resorption was observed at 8 weeks. In both the membranes, inflammatory cells were observed around them. Inflammatory cells decreased with time but were still present at 12 weeks. More inflammatory cells were observed in paradioxanone membranes than in Biomesh(R) membrane. 2. The area of newly formed bone in the defects were 0.001${\pm}$0.001, 0.006${\pm}$0.005, 0.002${\pm}$0.003 at the 4 weeks, 0.021${\pm}$0.020, 0.133${\pm}$0.073, 0.118${\pm}$0.070 at the 8 weeks and 0.163${\pm}$0.067, 0.500${\pm}$0.197, 0.487${\pm}$0.214 at the 12 weeks in the control group, Biomesh(R) group and experimental group respectively. Compared to the control group, Biomesh(R) group displayed significant differences at 4,8, and 12 weeks and the paradioxanone group at 8 and 12 weeks.(P<0.05)

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제48권11호
• /
• pp.618-623
• /
• 2015

FK506 binding protein 12 (FK506BP) is a small peptide with a single FK506BP domain that is involved in suppression of immune response and reactive oxygen species. FK506BP has emerged as a potential drug target for several inflammatory diseases. Here, we examined the protective effects of directly applied cell permeable FK506BP (PEP-1-FK506BP) on corneal alkali burn injury (CAI). In the cornea, there was a significant decrease in the number of cells expressing pro-inflammation, apoptotic, and angiogenic factors such as TNF-α, COX-2, and VEGF. Both corneal opacity and corneal neovascularization (CNV) were significantly decreased in the PEP-1-FK506BP treated group. Our results showed that PEP-1-FK506BP can significantly inhibit alkali burn-induced corneal inflammation in rats, possibly by accelerating corneal wound healing and by reducing the production of angiogenic factors and inflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that PEP-1-FK506BP may be a potential therapeutic agent for CAI.