• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.277-280
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• 2001

Verrucous carcinoma is a distinctive, extremely well-differentiated, slow-growing variant of the squamous cell carcinoma. Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity is relatively rare. McCoy reported about 49 verrucous carcinomas of the oral cavity. McCoy reported that the most common site of occurrence was the buccal mucosa, followed by the mandibular alveolar ridge and gingiva, and that The majority of the patients were between the ages of 50 and 80 years. Although most other series of oral verrucous carcinoma show a male predominence, our case occurred in female. The role of radiation therapy in treatment of oral verrucous carcinoma is controversial, and adequate surgical excision appears to be the treatment of choice. In this paper a case of verrucous carcinoma of the buccal mucosa and a review of the literature is presented.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.78-81
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• 2014

Verrucous carcinoma is a relatively rare variant of well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma first described by Ackerman in 1948. It is distinct in its slow progression, exophytic cauliflower like growth, low grade malignancy and low incidence of metastasis. The oral cavity is one of the predilection sites for verrucous carcinoma. In the oral cavity, the gingiva and buccal mucosa are the common site. Verrucous carcinoma of the lip is clinically quite rare and only several cases of that were reported in the world. The aim of this study is to report an unusual case of verrucous carcinoma of the lower lip.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.45-48
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• 2009

Verrucous carcinoma is a distinctive form of low-grade squamous cell carcinoma. The tumor has an exophytic, cauliflower-like appearance, and usually occurs in males and tends to affect individuals over 60 years of age. It typically involves the oral cavity, larynx, esophagus and skin. Most intraoral cases involve the mandibular vestibule, the buccal mucosa and the hard palate. The cause is unknown, but most verrucous carcinomas arise from the oral mucosa in people who chronically use chewing tobacco or snuff. The treatment of oral verrucous carcinoma remains controversial. Whenever possible, surgically total excision and skin or mucosal grafting is recommended. After total excision of huge verrucous carcinoma,instead of dermal or mucosal grafting, we used artificial dermis silicone membrane. We had a good result without recurrence and present this case.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.40
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• pp.31.1-31.8
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• 2018

Background: Verrucous carcinoma (VC) accounts for 1-10% of cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the oral cavity, and 75% of VC occur in the oral cavity. Only 3% of primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinomas (PIOSCC), which means SCC occurring primarily in the bone, are VC. Verrucous carcinoma arising from odontogenic cysts (OC) is very rare, with only seven cases reported to date. Case presentation: This study reported a case of a patient who underwent partial maxillectomy and neck dissection for VC that occurred in the right anterior maxilla. The patient was admitted to the emergency department at our institution 8 years ago and showed cystic lesions in the anterior maxilla on facial computed tomography (CT) images. Treatment through other departments including assessment of laceration in the mental region and only suture was performed. This report highlights a very rare case of VC in the right anterior maxilla arising from a previous cystic lesion. Conclusions: Since PIOSCC can arise from OC, appropriate treatment of intraosseous cysts and regular radiologic evaluation are necesssary. Surgical exicision of the primary lesion without neck dissection can lead to good prognosis for patients with primary intraosseous verrucous carcinoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.4491-4501
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• 2016

Verruco-papillary lesions (VPLs) of the oral cavity described in the literature involve a spectrum of conditions including squamous papilloma, verruca vulgaris, focal epithelial hyperplasia, condyloma, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and verrucous carcinoma. A majority of the VPLs are slow growing, benign in nature and have a viral aetiology. Virus associated benign mucosal outgrowths are not too difficult to diagnose either clinically or by microscopy. Apart from virus-associated lesions, VPLs harboring malignant potential or behaviour such as verrucous carcinoma, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH), oral papillary squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) and oral conventional squamous cell carcinoma with papillary features (CSCC) need to be further clarified for better understanding of their predictable biologic behavior and appropriate treatment. Current understanding of potentially malignant VPLs is perplexing and is primarily attributed to the use of confusing and unsatisfactory terminology. In particular, the condition referred to as oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH) poses a major diagnostic challenge. OVH represents a histopathological entity whose clinical features are not well recognised and is usually clinically indistinguishable from a verrucous carcinoma and a PSCC or a CSCC. A consensus report published by an expert working group from South Asia as an outcome of the 'First Asian Regional Meeting on the Terminology and Criteria for Verruco-papillary Lesions of the Oral Cavity' held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, recognised the clinical description of these OVH as a new entity named 'Exophytic Verrucous Hyperplasia'. Previously described clinical features of OVH such as the 'blunt' or 'sharp' variants; and the 'mass' or 'plaque' variants can now collectively fall under this newly described entity. This paper discusses in detail the application of the standardized criteria guidelines of 'Exophytic Verrucous Hyperplasia' as published by the expert group which will enable clinicians and pathologists to uniformly interpret their pool of OVH cases and facilitate a better understanding of OVH malignant potential.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.339-347
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• 2006

Oral leukoplakia is the most common premalignant lesion and malignant transformation has been reported from verrucal lekoplakia. Homogenous, benign leukoplakia develops into a line of squamous cell carcinoma such as verrrucous carcinoma, papillary squamous cell carcinoma and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Early diagnosis and intervention of premalignant leukoplakia is up-most important to prevent transformation into a oral squamous cell carcinoma. Any change in surface, size and color warrants repeated biopsy. If verrucous carcinoma is evidently derived from the previous leukoplakia, wide surgical excision and periodic follow up is needed. Surgically removed lesion of leukoplakia has the tendency to recur. Follow-up is very important to patient and clinician. Although many therapies have been reported to oral leukoplakia and verrucal carcinoma, accepted treatment principle is not exist so far. But surgical removal is recommended as the treatment of choice.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 2004

Squamous papilloma is a benign proliferation of stratified squamous epithelium, resulting in a papillary or verruciform mass. Verrucous carcinoma is a differentiated variant of squamous cell carcinoma and may present diagnostic difficulties as it may be erroneously diagnosed as squamous papilloma. Squamous papilloma is similar to other oral mucosa malignancy in microscopic view. So, it is difficult to distinguish between squamous cell papilloma and other oral mucosa malignancy. Here are three patients. they were diagnosed as squamous papilloma initially, but the lesion was recurred. In recurred lesion, verrucous carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma were found. So we report that recurred oral mucosa malignency(verrucous carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma) which was diagnosed as squamous papilloma.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.29-33
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• 2017

Verrucous carcinoma was first described by Ackerman who reported a case of verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity. While it is primarily occurred in oral cavity, larynx is the second most affected site, accounting for nearly 35% of cases. It is a rare variant of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and comprises 1% to 4% of all laryngeal carcinomas. It is characterized by locally invasive, slow growth and the surface shows papillary fronds with prominent hyperkeratosis. Because of the benign appearance and difficulty of the tissue diagnosis, it is often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. The primary treatment modality is surgery and the extent of surgical resection may be guided by T stage. We experienced a case of verrucous carcinoma of larynx in a patient with hoarseness lasted for about 2 years and had difficult to diagnosis and treatment. Therefore we report this case with a brief review of literature.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.233-244
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• 2018

Purpose: Oral carcinoma cuniculatum is a rare well-differentiated variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The purpose was to systematically review its unique features to differentiate it from other variants as verrucous carcinoma, papillary squamous cell carcinoma and well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was performed using MEDLINE, Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source and PubMed databases and any existing articles related to the research subject missed in the search strategy to screen ones reporting cases occurring exclusively in the oral cavity in English literature. Variables analyzed included clinical, etiologic, imaging, histopatholgical features, treatment, follow-up and survival rates. Results: From 229 hits, 17 articles with 43 cases were included in the systematic review. Clinically it showed a female predilection with pain and/or ulceration of a relatively long duration and exudation being the most common symptoms. Histologically, it showed more endophytic features comprising well-differentiated squamous epithelium with absent or minimal cytological atypia and multiple keratin filled crypts or cuniculus. Inflammatory stromal reaction and discharging abscesses were reported in most of the cases. Bone destruction was predominant in most imaging features. Complete surgical resection with a safety margin was the treatment of choice in most of the cases with few recorded recurrence cases. Conclusion: Apprehensive knowledge of oral carcinoma cuniculatum unique features is essential to avoid its misdiagnosis and provide proper treatment especially for recurrent cases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.86-90
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• 1998

Verrucous carcinoma is a variant of highly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and has a predilection for the oral cavity and larynx. It is known to be of good prognosis due to its low regional and distant metastatic potential. Peak incidence is at ages 40-69 while predominantly occuring in males and its association with tobacco smoking has been implicated. The verrucous carcinoma have accordingly been treated by radiotherapy or surgical procedures but there has been considerable controversy regarding the effect of radiotherapy due to the possibility of anaplastic transformation Laser surgery and partial resection are among the commonly used surgical procedures but laser surgery has not yet shown results in improving phonetic abilities. Authors experienced two cases of verrucous carcinoma of the larynx treated by partial laryngectomy and false vocal cord advancement flap who showed no recurrence of disease under stroboscopic examination after two year follow up and when compared to preoperative aerodynamic studies, the expiratory air pressure was decreased and mean air flow rate increased which improved glottal efficiency markedly.