• 공업화학
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2009

본 연구는 투명한 섬유유연제 제조용 양이온 계면활성제인 ASCO EAQ80의 개발 완료 후 이 제품의 안전성과 관련된 평가를 받기 위하여 실시되었다. 시험은 급성 경구투여 독성시험과 유전 독성시험으로 나뉘어 진행되었으며, 랫드를 이용한 경구 단회 투여 독성시험 결과, $LD_{50}$는 5000 mg/kg를 초과하는 것으로 판단되었으며, Globally Harmonized Classification System의 기준에 의해 Category 5 또는 Unclassified로 분류되었다. 시험물질인 ASCO EAQ80의 복귀돌연변이 유발성에 대해서, 살모넬라균(TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537) 및 대장균(WP2uvrA (pKM101))을 이용하여 대사활성화 및 비대사활성화의 경우에서 변이원성 시험을 실시하였고, 그 결과는 모두 음성으로 판정되었다. 또한, 염색체이상 유발성 여부를 검색하기 위하여 Chinese Hamster Lung (CHL/IU) 배양세포를 이용하여 염색체이상시험을 수행하였으며, 시험물질인 ASCO EAQ80은 단시간처리법 및 연속처리법의 경우 대사활성계 적용여부에 관계없이 Chinese Hamster Lung (CHL/IU) 배양세포에 대해 염색체이상을 유발하지 않는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.106-113
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: Bumblebees have been shown to be very effective pollinators for most greenhouse tomatoes. Neonicotinoid insecticides are one of the most widely used pesticides in tomato crops in Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study was carried out to investigate the toxicity of four neonicotinoid insecticides (clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam) to bumblebees based on the OECD guidelines (No.246, 247). The 48 hr LD₅₀ (㎍ a.i. /bumblebee) values in the acute contact toxicity tests were determined as follows: clothianidin, 0.467; dinotefuran, 3.741; imidacloprid, 3.967; and thiamethoxam, 0.747. The 48 hr LD₅₀ values in the acute oral toxicity tests were determined as follows: clothianidin, 0.005; dinotefuran, 0.056; imidacloprid, 0.325; and thiamethoxam, 0.018. The acute contact and oral toxicity of the test insecticides to bumblebees from most to least toxic was clothianidin > thiamethoxam > dinotefuran > imidacloprid. CONCLUSION: This study provided the basic toxicological data of neonicotinoid insecticides for bumblebees. In the near future, acute toxicity and mixture toxicity of other pesticides to bumblebees could be determined using this method.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2019

The study was conducted to investigate the acute and sub-acute toxicity effect of Aquilaria malaccensis leaves aqueous extract (AEAM) towards male ICR mice in terms of body weight, relative organ weight, mortality rate and sperm parameters. In acute toxicity study, a single dose at of 2000 mg/kg was performed. In sub-acute toxicity study, the mice were received normal saline (control group), 50, 100, 150, 200, 500, or 1000 mg/kg of AEAM orally for 21 days of treatment. In sub-acute toxicity study, the number of abnormal sperm were significantly decreased in AEAM 100, 150, 200, 500, and 1000 when compared to the control group. While, the motility of sperm were found to be significantly increased in AEAM 100, 150, 200, and 1000 as compared to the control group. No mortality was recorded in the control group and treated groups in both toxicity studies except for one mouse from AEAM 1000 group. However, the mild sedative effect in terms of the tendency to sleep was clearly noticeable in both toxicity studies. Results indicated that the AEAM can be one of the useful alternative medicine to enhance fertility rate by increasing healthy sperm production.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2016

Silk has had a reputation as a luxurious and sensuous fabric but it is not popular due to the expensive price and poor durability. To develop the silk materials that apply the various industries, the artificially synthesized gene can be introduced into the silkworm and expressed in the silk gland. Transgenic silkworms for the mass production of green fluorescent silks are generated using a fibroin H-chain expression system. For commercial use, safety assessment of the transgenic silkworms is essential. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential acute oral toxicity of EGFP protein expressed in genetically modified (GM) fluorescence silkworm and to obtain the approximative lethal dose in the male and female at 6-weeks ICR mice. EGFP protein was fed at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg body weight in five male or five female mice. Mortalities, clinical findings and body weight changes were monitored for 1, 3, 7, 14 days after dosing. At the end of 14 day observation period, all mice were sacrificed, and the postmortem necropsy were performed. The test group was not observed death case. Also the effect was not admitted by test substance administration in common symptoms, the body weight and postmortem. The results of single-dose oral toxicity test showed that approximative lethal dose of EGFP protein expressed in fluorescence silkworm was considered to exceed the 2,000 mg/kg body weight in both sexes.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2014

Objectives: In this study, we investigated the oral toxicity of Gami-Jakyak Gamcho buja Decoction (Mecasin) to develop safe treatments. Methods: All experiments were conducted at the Medvill, an institution authorized to perform non-clinical studies, under the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations. In order to investigate the oral toxicity of Mecasin, we administered Mecasin orally to rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups of five male and five female animals per group: group 1 being the control group and groups 2, 3, and 4 being the experimental groups. Doses of Mecasin, 500 mg/kg, 1,000 mg/kg and 2,000 mg/kg, were administered to the experimental groups, and a dose of normal saline solution, 10 mL/kg, was administered to the control group. We examined the survival rate, weight, clinical signs, and gross findings. This study was conducted under the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. Results: No deaths or abnormalities occurred in any of the four groups. Although slight decreases in the weights of some female rats were noted on the third day, no significant changes in weights or gross findings between the control group and the experimental groups were observed. To check for abnormalities in organs, we used microscopy to examine representative histological sections of each specified organ; the results showed no significant differences in any of the organs. Conclusion: The results showed that administration of 500 - 2,000 mg/kg of Mecasin did not cause any changes in weight or in the results of necropsy examinations. It also did not result in any mortalities. The above findings suggest that treatment with Mecasin is relatively safe. Further studies on this subject are needed to yield more concrete evidence.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.77-81
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• 1998

치자에서 분리한 황색색소에 대한 랫드 및 토끼에 있어서의 단회투여 경구 독성시험을 수행하였다. 황색색소는 랫드의 경우 5,000, 2,500, 1,250, 625, 312,5 및 1mg/kg의 용량으로 경구로, 토끼에는 5,000, 2,500 및 1,250mg/kg의 용량으로 경구로 암.수 각각에 1회 투여한 후 14일 동안 관찰하였다. 시험결과에 있어 랫드 및 토끼의 모든 황색색소 투여군에서 사망예, 임상증상, 체중변화, 육안적 소견 및 병리조직학적 소견에서 특기할만한 이상은 관찰되지 않았으며 랫드와 토끼에서 황색색소의 LD50치를 산출할 수 없었다. 따라서 LD50치는 랫드 암.수 모두에서 체중 kg당 5,000mg 이상인 것으로 판단되었다. 이상의 결과로부터 치자로부터 분리한 황색색소는 랫드 및 토끼에서 단회 투여 경구 독성시험에서 어떠한 독성 및 부작용을 유발하지 않는 안전한 제제로 사료된다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.143-157
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• 2010

Objectives : The objective of this study was to access the effect of Artemisiae capillaris herba Extracts on the organogenetic reproductive toxicity of New Zealand White rabbits when administered by oral gavage. Methods : Gestational New Zealand White rabbits were dosed from 6 days of gestation to 18 days of gestation. It was conducted in accordance with the recommendations of the KFDA Guideline for Detection of Toxicity to Reproduction for Medicinal Products. In addition, serum AST, ALT, LDH and ALP levels were detected with their necropsy and histopathological observation Results: No significant changes of body weights, gains and food consumption were demonstrated in all dosed groups compared to those of vehicle control group except for 2,000mg/kg-dosing group, which showed significantly increase of body weight compared to that of vehicle control group. Normal gross findings were demonstrated in all tested groups. No significant changes of number of corpora lutea, implantation, implantation rate, number of fetal death, loss rate of post-implantation, number of live youngs at C-section, survival rate of post-implantation, number of male live youngs at C-section, number of female live youngs, sex ratio of live young, external anomalies of live youngs and body weight of live youngs were demonstrated in all dosed groups compared to those of vehicle control group. Although some visceral variations such as thymic reminant in the neck, dilation of renal pelvis, dilated ureter and malpositioned left common carotid artery, no significant changes were demonstrated in all dosed groups compared to that of vehicle control group. Some malformations and variation were demonstrated with retardations. However, no significant changes were demonstrated in all dosed groups compared to that of vehicle control group. In addition, similar ossification numbers were detected in sternebrae, metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges, cervical vertebrae, and sacral and caudal vertebrae. No Artemisiae capillaris herba Extracts treatment-related changes of serum AST, ALT, LDH and ALP levels were demonstrated in all dosed levels in this study. Conclusions : We could conclude that oral administration of Artemisiae capillaris herba Extracts hasn't an influence on the organogenetic reproductive toxicity.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.187-195
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated the biological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidant and antiinflammatory activities as well as single oral dose toxicity of fermented Rhus verniciflua extract (FRVE). In order to examine anti-tumor activity of FRVE, the sarcoma 180 cells were treated with FRVE at various concentrations (0.03, 0.3, 3 and 30 mg/mL) in microtetrazolium (MTT) assay. In MTT assay, all the cells treated with FRVE at various concentrations have shown a significant difference compared with control (p < 0.05). In xanthine oxidase inhibition assay to examine the antioxidant activity, the xanthine oxidase inhibition rate of FRVE at 1.5 mg/mL and 15 mg/mL was $85{\pm}15.01%$ and $99{\pm}16.02%$, respectively. Nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells showed that FRVE showed a significant anti-inflammation effect at 3 mg/mL (p < 0.05). In single oral dose toxicity study, no differences were observed between control and treated groups in clinical signs, body weight gains, feed and water consumptions. The results indicated that lethal dose 50 ($LD_{50}$) of FRVE was found to be higher than 5,000 mg/kg in this experiment. From the above results, we may suggest that FRVE might have useful as a material for functional food and/or animal pharmaceutics.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2011

Objectives : This study aims to investigate the acute oral toxicity and safety of Samsoeum (Shensuyin) extracts and fermented Samsoeum extracts. Methods : For that objective, we used ICR mice. ICR mice were administerd orally with dosage of 1250mg/kg, 2500mg/kg and 5000mg/kg of Samsoeum extracts and fermented Samsoeum extracts. Results : We daily examined number of deaths, clinical signs, body weights and gross findings for 2 weeks. 1. The results of acute oral toxicity using ICR mice showed that LD50 of value over 5000 mg/kg. 2. Samsoeum extracts and fermented Samsoeum extracts not affect on bodyweight gross findings of ICR mice. 3. The results of Serum chemistry analysis and Complete Blood Count(CBC) through the autopsy were showed normal range values. Conclusions : Samsoeum extracts and fermented Samsoeum extracts did not show any toxic effects in ICR mice. And oral LD50 value was over 5000mg/kg in ICR mice and it is very safe for ICR mice.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.431-438
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• 2006

The object of this study was to obtain acute toxicity information (single oral dose toxicity) of lyophilized water extract of Puerariae Radix (PR) in both male and female mice. In order to investigate the 50% lethal dose $(LD_{50})$, approximate lethal dosage (ALD), test substances were once orally administered to female and male ICR mice at dose levels of 2000 and 0 (control) mg/kg (body wt.) according to the recommendation of KFDA Guidelines [2005-60, 2005]. The mortality and body weight changes, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored during 14 days after dosing. Organ weight and histopathology of 12 principal organs were measured. As the results, we could not find any mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes and gross findings except for PR extracts unrelated sporadic findings. In addition, no abnormal changes related PR extracts treatment on the organ weight and histopathology of principal organs were detected except for some sporadic findings including hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles in the popliteal lymph nodes and spleen as pharmacological effects of PR extracts. The results obtained in this study suggest that the PR extracts does not cause any toxicological signs except for pharmacological effects of enhancement of Immune system. The $LD_{50}$ and ALD of PR extracts in both female and male mice were considered as over 2000 mg/kg because no mortalities were detected up to 2000mg/kg that was the highest dose recommended by KFDA and Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development.