• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2009

1. Objectives: The aim of this study is data analysis for acute toxicity and safety of Yangkyuksanhwa-tang. 2. Methods: We investigated the acute toxicity for water-extracted Yangkyuksanhwa-tang. 25 male and 25 female mice were observed for 14 days after one day oral administration of Yangkyuksanhwa-tang at the respective doses of 0(control group), 2560, 3200, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg. 3. Results: We observed survival rates, general toxicity, change of body weight and autopsy. 4. Conclusions: The data confirmed that Yangkyuksanhwa-tang is free from the toxicity and safety problems in oral route respectively. Compared with the control group, we could not find any toxic alteration in all treated groups(2560, 3200, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg). In conclusion, LD50 of Yangkyuksanhwa-tang was over 5000 mg/kg and it is very safe to mice.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2009

1. Objectives This study was designed to andyze the acute toxicity and safety of Yeoldahanso-tang 2. Methods We investigated the acute toxicity for water-extracted Yeoldahanso-tang. 25 male and 25 female mice were observed for 14 days after one day oral administration of Yeoldahanso-tang at the respective doses of 0(control group), 2560, 3200, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg. 3. Results We observed survival rates, general toxicity, change of body weight and autopsy. 4. Conclusions The data confirmed that Yeoldahanso-tang is free from the toxicity and safety problems in oral route respectively. Compared with the control group, we could not find any toxic alteration in all treated groups(2560, 3200, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg). In conclusion, LD50 of Yeoldahanso-tang was over 5000 mg/kg and it is very safe to mice.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.189-198
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• 2012

Our former study indicated efficacy of apoptotic cell death on animal study by using Egg white combined Chalcanthite (EC). Clinically, bamboo salt is using because of safety. Hence we investigated a toxicity study for determining safety by adding bamboo salt in former materiel. We had two studies: toxicity of EC and of Bamboo salt with egg white combined Chalcanthite (BC). Both were studied in 1-week single and 5-week repeated oral dose toxicity tests on male Imprinting Control Region mice. In EC, doses used in 1 week single oral dose toxicity tests were 0, 0.05, 0.5, 5 and 50 mg/kg/day and 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg/day. In BC, doses used by 0, 0.08, 8.3, 83.3 and 166.6 mg/kg/day in single oral dose toxicity and 0, 4.2, 8.3, 41.7 and 83.3 mg/kg/day in repeated oral dose toxicity tests. Their blood and urine were assayed and organ morphology were examined. Mann-Whitney U test and ANOVA tests were used by analysing methods. First, significant increased left renal weight in all groups of EC and BC. Second, increased ALT score was found in EC-S2 and increased relative liver weight was found in EC-S3. In addition, increased relative weight and urine bilirubin and urobilinogen were found in EC-R2 and EC-R3. There was no significant toxic change in BC. The Mixture of EC had a possibility of hepatotoxicity in the short and long term. Processed BC appears to be safe and non-toxic in these studies and a no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was established at 83.3 mg/kg/day in mice. Relatively, The BC were safer than The EC.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2008

This study was conducted to obtain information of the oral dose toxicity of low molecular fucoidan (LMF) in male and female mice. In order to calculate 50% lethal dose ($LD_{50}$) and approximate lethal dose (LD), test material was once orally administered to male and female ICR mice at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 500, 250, 125 and 0 (vehicle control) mg/kg (body wt.). The mortality and the changes on body weight, clinical signs, gross observation and organ weight and histopathology of principle organs were monitored 14 days after LMF treatment. We could not find any mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes and gross findings. In addition, significant changes in the organ weight and histopathology of principal organs were not observed except for some sporadic findings. The results obtained in this study suggest that LMF may not be toxic in mice and may be therefore safe for clinical use. The $LD_{50}$ and approximate LD in mice after single oral dose of LMF were considered over 2000 mg/kg in both female and male mice.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.147-157
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• 2009

This study was conducted to obtain acute information of the oral dose toxicity of lyophilized water extract of Pinelliae Rhizoma, a dried tuber of Pinellia ternata (PR) in male and female mice. In order to calculated 50% lethal dose (LD$_{50}$) and approximate lethal dose (ALD), test material was once orally administered to male and female ICR mice at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 500, 250, 125 and 0 (vehicle control) ml/kg (body weight). The mortality and changes in body weight, clinical signs, gross observation, organ weight and histopathology of principle organs were monitored 14 days after treatment with PR extract. We could not find any mortalities, clinical signs, changes in the body and organ weights, gross and histopathological findings except for dose-dependent increases in the hepatic fatty change frequencies detected in PR extract 2000 and 1000mg/kg treated in both male and female mice. The results obtained in this study suggest that LD$_{50}$ and approximate LD in mice after single oral dose of PR extracts were considered over 2000 mg/kg in both and female male mice, but more than 1000mg/kg of PR extracts treatment could induce slight hepatotoxicity the fatty changes in mice.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2009

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (size: 30 nm) were prepared by the supercritical synthesis method, Acute oral toxicity and tissue distribution of the nanoparticles were evaluated by a single administration in rats. Oral administration of the nanoparticles to the rats did not lead to death when the animals were treated by a dose of 5 g/kg (high dose) as well as 100 mg/kg (low dose). Abnormal clinical signs, changes in serum biochemistry and hematology were not observed in high-dose treated group compared to the vehicle control group. Lesions in liver, lung and kidney were not observed in high-dose treated group by histopathological examination. Tissue distribution analysis in liver, kidney, spleen, lung, testis and brain was performed on day 1, day 7 and day 14 after treatment. The average values of the accumulated cerium oxide nanoparticles were elevated in all tissues but statistical significance was only shown in lung. Low levels of tissue distributions after a single oral administration seem to be the low bioavailability of the nanoparticles.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2012

Objectives : This research investigates the single oral dose toxicity of ACM in SD rats. Methods : ACMs were administered to female and male SD rats, as an oral dose of 5000 mg/kg. Animals were monitored for the mortality and changes in the body weight, clinical signs and gross observation during the 14 days after dosing, upon necropsy. Results : We could not find any mortality. Compared with the control group, significant weight change was not observed in the experimental group. First day after administration, compound-colored stool was observed in all rats. After the second day of administration, the more common symptoms were not observed. There were no gross abnormalities in all cases. [ED NOTE: highlight: given the context, this is very vague] Conclusions : The results obtained in this study suggest that the approximate lethal dose of ACM in both female and male rats were considered as over 5000 mg/kg.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.131-148
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• 2003

This study was performed to evaluate the acute oral toxicity of an oriental medical prescription for obesity treatment, SH21-B, in Sprague-Dawley rats and Beagle dogs. SH21-B was administered in rats at does of 0mg/kg, 2,000mg/kg, and 5,000mg/kg. And also SH21-B was administered in Beagle dogs at does of 150mg/kg, 300mg/kg, and 600mg/kg. The rats and dogs of both sexes were observed daily for 14 days after single oral administration. Two female rats, one administered at 2,000mg/kg and the other administered at 5,000mg/kg, died, but no dead animal was observed among male rats. Therefore LD50 in the female rat is observed to be 8,710mg/kg, and MLD(Minimum Lethal Dose) of the male rat is observed to be more than 5,000mg/kg. Among dogs, no dead animal was observed up to 600mg/kg and MLD is observed to be more than 600mg/kg.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.676-685
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the single oral toxicity of Peucedani Radix (PR) ethanol extracts. PR is one of the important herbs for removal of phlegm, the viscous turbid pathological product that can accumulate in the body and cause a variety of diseases. However, research on the pharmacologic toxicity of PR is lacking. Methods: In this study, PR was orally administered to 5-week-old male ICR mice at an oral dose of 2,000, 3,000, or 5,000 mg/kg. After a single-dose administration, the mortality and behavioral changes were observed daily and body weights were measured every two days. After 14 days, the organ weight, organ index, macroscopy, hematological analysis, and serum biochemistry analysis were determined. Results: No mortality, body weight changes, abnormal behavioral changes, or anatomical signs of toxicity were found. The organ weight, organ index, hematological analysis, and serum biochemistry analysis were also within the normal ranges. Conclusions: These results suggest that the 50% lethal dose of PR is more than 5,000 mg/kg. This could indicate that PR is a safe drug without acute toxicity and side effects.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2020

Objectives : This experiment was designed to assess the single oral toxicity of Ethanol Extract Inulae Flos (IF) ethanol extracts. IF is one of the important herbs to remove phlegmy which is the viscous turbid pathological product that can accumulate in the body, causing a variety of diseases. Nevertheless, there has been a lack of research on the pharmacology toxicity of IF. Methods : In this study, IF was orally administered to 5 weeks ICR mice as an oral dose of 2,000 or 3,000 or 5,000 mg/kg. The condition of the mice was observed for 14 days and their weights were measured every two days. Results : None of the mice died for 14 days. The abnormal clinical symptoms and anatomical signs of toxicity were not found in any treatment groups. The gain of net body weight was observed. There was also no significant difference in the organ weight. The serum biochemistry and hematological analysis showed a decrease in BUN, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets although within the normal ranges. Conclusions : These results suggest that the 50% lethal dose of IF is more than 5,000 mg/kg. This could be thought that IF is a safe drug without acute toxicity and side effects. However, IF showed some weight loss and change in blood test, so it will need to be careful when using it for high doses.