• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3455-3459
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• 2013

Background: Smoking and smokeless tobacco use are almost always initiated and established during adolescence. More than 80% of adult smokers begin smoking before 18 years of age. The main objective of the present study is to assess the feasibility of preventing adolescent tobacco use with the help of a specially designed tobacco control program. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional survey on tobacco use and related health effects was conducted using a structured questionnaire in 13 randomly selected schools in Kannur district of Kerala. These students were followed for a period of one academic year with multiple spaced interventions such as anti-tobacco awareness classes, formation of anti-tobacco task forces, inter-school competitions, supplying IEC (information, education and communication) materials and providing a handbook on tobacco control for school personnel. Final evaluation was at the end of one year. Results: There were 4,144 school children who participated in the first phase of the study. The prevalence of tobacco smoking and chewing habits were 9.85% and 2.24% respectively. Ninety-one percent had parental advice against tobacco use and only 3.79% expressed desire for future tobacco use. The final evaluation witnessed a sharp decline in the current tobacco use as 4.68%. We observed a statistically significant difference towards the future use of tobacco (p<0.001) and awareness about the ill effects of passive smoking (p<0.001) among boys and girls. Further a significantly increased knowledge was observed among boys compared to girls about tobacco and oral cancer (p=0.046). Conclusions: The comprehensive school based tobacco control project significantly reduced the tobacco use pattern in the target population. School tobacco projects incorporating frequent follow ups and multiple interventions appear more effective than projects with single intervention.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.4875-4883
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• 2016

Background and objective: Breast cancer-related lymphoedema (BCRL) is a disabling complication with long term impact on quality on life after breast cancer treatment. Its management remains a major challenge for patients and health care professionals; the goal of this overview was to summarize effects of different treatment strategies for patients with BCRL. Methods: A thorough search was undertaken to allow a systematic review or meta-analysis of treatments for BCRL. Two investigators independently selected studies and abstracted the data. Results: Combined physical therapy (CPT) with different combinations of surgery, oral pharmaceuticals, low-level laser therapy, weight reduction, mesenchymal stem cell therapy, kinesio tex taping, and acupuncture might be effective in reducing lymphoedema, but exercise demonstrated no obvious benefit. The results of direct comparisons showed CPT might be more effective than standard physiotherapy (ST). Manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) may not offer additional benefits to ST for swelling reduction, but could facilitate compression bandaging. MLD seemed to have similar effects with self-administered simple lymphatic drainage (SLD) or using an intermittent pneumatic compression pump (IPC). IPC might also not be associated with additional effectiveness for CPT. Efficacy of stem cell therapy vs. compression sleeve or CPT, as well as the effects of daflon and coumarin could not be established. Conclusion: Although many treatments for BCRL might reduce lymphoedema volume, their effects were not well established. The quality of many of the original studies in the included reviews was not optimal, so that in future randomized control trials are a high priority.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1577-1581
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• 2016

Tobacco use is a well-established risk factor for many types of cancers. Recent data on selected cancer incidence and mortality related to smoking in the Indonesian population are provided in this study. Morbidity and mortality data were derived from GLOBOCAN 2012 and the population attributable fraction (PAF) was estimated using the standard methodology developed by the World Health Organization. Using these data, we calculated disability adjusted life year (DALY) values for smoking-related cancer. The DALY was estimated by summation of the years lived with disability (YLD) and years life lost due to premature death (YLL). The cancer cases related to smoking in Indonesia numbered 45,132, accounting for 35,580 cancer deaths. The morbidity and mortality of lung cancer can be considered as the highest priority in both men and women. Furthermore the greatest YLD due to smoking in Indonesian men and women were from pancreas and lung cancers. For YLL among men, the highest years lost were from lung and liver cancers. On the other hand, among women lung oral cavity and lip were most important. Based on the DALY indicator, burden priorities for Indonesian men were lung cancer (298,980), liver cancer (60,367), and nasopharynx (46,185), while among Indonesian women they were lung cancer (34,119), cervix uteri (9,213) and pancreas cancer (5,433). In total, Indonesian burden of cancers attributed to smoking was 638,682 DALY. This study provides evidence about the burden of cancers caused by smoking as a rational basis for initiating national tobacco control policies in Indonesia.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.3327-3330
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• 2014

Background: The purpose of the study was to analyse the clinicopathological spectrum of benign and malignant odontogenic tumours (OT) in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) Rawalpindi. Seven years archival records of histologically diagnosed odontogenic tumours, both benign and malignant, were collected and the lesions re-diagnosed histologically in accordance with the WHO classification of head and neck tumours (2005). Clinical as well as histological data were analysed and frequency of each type of OT was calculated using computer software programme SPSS (version 17). Mean tumour size was calculated and Chi-square test was applied to find associations of age, gender and site with each histological type of tumour. Results: Only 1.7% of the odontogenic tumours diagnosed in this said period were malignant while the remaining 98.3% were benign. Amongst benign lesions, ameloblastoma was the most common (61.3%) type while primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma (1.7%) was the only reported malignant tumour. Mean age of the affected patients was $31.7{\pm}16.7$ years with posterior mandible as the commonest site involved. Conclusions: Our study revealed ameloblastoma and primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma as the commonest diagnosed benign and malignant tumours respectively. There was a significant difference in age and site of origin of different types of OT at the time of their presentation. However, all the tumours showed male predominance.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5553-5565
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• 2013

Plants play important roles in human life not only as suppliers of oxygen but also as a fundamental resource to sustain the human race on this earthly plane. Plants also play a major role in our nutrition by converting energy from the sun during photosynthesis. In addition, plants have been used extensively in traditional medicine since time immemorial. Information in the biomedical literature has indicated that many natural herbs have been investigated for their efficacy against lethal irradiation. Pharmacological studies by various groups of investigators have shown that natural herbs possess significant radioprotective activity. In view of the immense medicinal importance of natural product based radioprotective agents, this review aims at compiling all currently available information on radioprotective agents from medicinal plants and herbs, especially the evaluation methods and mechanisms of action. In this review we particularly emphasize on ethnomedicinal uses, botany, phytochemistry, mechanisms of action and toxicology. We also describe modern techniques for evaluating herbal samples as radioprotective agents. The usage of herbal remedies for combating lethal irradiation is a green anti-irradiation approach for the betterment of human beings without high cost, side effects and toxicity.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1121-1134
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the self-perceived halitosis of adults and to utilize them as basic data for the development of prevention and management program to reduce of self-perceived halitosis. Methods: A questionnaire survey of 301 adults in their 20s and 50s living in Gwangju and Jeonnam selected by convenience sampling from July 1, 2017 to August 31, 2017 was conducted to investigate oral health status and behavior, fatigue and perceived stress. Statistical analysis was performed using frequency analysis, independent t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The degree of self-perceived halitosis was higher in married (2.51) and unemployed (2.71), with tongue brushing (2.68), intention to participate in halitosis education (2.57), taking medication (2.73), coated tongue (2.82) and there was both otolaryngology and gastrointestinal disease (2.72) and periodontal disease (2.89) (p<0.05). Fatigue (${\beta}=0.237$), periodontal disease (${\beta}=0.196$), and coated tongue (${\beta}=0.237$) affect the self-perceived halitosis (p<0.001). Conclusions: The self-perceived halitosis in adults was correlated with fatigue and perceived stress. Also fatigue, periodontal disease, coated tongue factors were analyzed as factors influencing self-perceived halitosis. Additional studies such as prevention and management of periodontal disease and coated tongue, which is a factor of self-perceived halitosis in adults, and development of programs to reduce self-perceived halitosis for fatigue management, which is an external factor, are necessary.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.120-127
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was secondary analysis to explore about risk factors with breast cancer on a basis of primary literature. Methods: This study was searched articles by using CINAHL, MEDLINE, Riss4u, Internet website regarding breast cancer. This study searched for the journal published in Korea and foreign countries from 2000 to 2008, about risk factors of breast cancer. This study was reviewed 42 articles (5 experimental study, 35 survey, 1 qualitative study, 1 report) suitable for the research objectives. Results: Magnitude of risk breast cancer (++) was age, geographic region, family history, mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2 genes and in other penetrance genes, radiation, history of benign breast disease, late age of menopause, early age of menarch, nulliparity and older age at first birth, high mammographic breast density, high insulin-like growth factor 1 level. Magnitude of risk factor (+) was hormone replacement therapy, oral contraceptives use, obesity, tall stature, alcohol consumption, high prolactin level, high saturated fat and well-done meat intake, polymorphisms in low penetrance gene, high socioeconomic status. Conclusion: A breast cancer screening protocol according to magnitude of risk factors is needed for disease prevention. The nurses need to educate and counsel women with risk factors of breast cancer.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.107-115
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of an exercise program on frontal lobe cognitive function in seniors. Methods: The participants were 42 seniors using a health center in Seoul (experimental group) and 28 seniors using a facility for elders in Seoul (control group). The exercise program was carried out for 16 weeks from April to August 2007. The frontal lobe cognitive function, which includes short term memory, attention, immediate memory, delayed memory, verbal fluency and motor function, was measured by the Digit Span Forward test, Trail Making test, Immediate recall words test, Delayed recall words, Controlled oral word association test and Finger tapping test. The collected data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test, Chi-square, t-test, and ANCOVA using the SAS program. Results: The major findings of this study were as follows: Attention (p=.009), immediate memory (p=.005), delayed memory (p=.009), and verbal fluency (p=.004) improved after the exercise program. Conclusion: In this study, the exercise program was effective in improving frontal lobe cognitive function in elders. So it provides basic information for further nursing education on exercise programs which will be effective for prevention of early cognitive function decline in normally aging elders.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1996 no.11
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• pp.52-56
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• 1996

The elevation of present medical service using advanced science contributes to offer medical examination and treatment of good quality under the subject of patient satisfaction as well as patient impression. The dental service field charging some part of public health promotion and public welfare promotion also intends to improve the dental examination and treatment quality utilizing advanced science. The object of this research is the development of dental patient education system (DPES) using multimedia of new technology. DPES can be employed for these object, harmonious operation of dental examination and treatment, treatment quality improvement, disease notice to patient under the subject of patient satisfaction and patient impression, explanation of some selective treatment course, the verification of treatment necessities and treatment validation, and the improvement of treatment effect through the oral cavity sanitation education in the sense of prevention. This research also serves the development environment, the step to collect educational document, visual information and to structure those, and the examination of DPES efficiency in clinic.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.13-28
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• 2014

■ Objectives The berries of Schisandra chinensis (Schisandra Fructus) are given the name Omiza in Koreane(五味子), and have been used asremedies for many ailments: to resist infections, increase skin health, and combat insomnia, coughing, and thirst. This study was designed to investigate the effects of Schisandra Fructus hexane fraction (SFH) on serum lipid levels in Hyperlipidemic mice. ■ Methods In this experiment, effects on total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, ALT, fasting blood glucose in serum were measured. And in addition, histopathological and gene expression changes in liver tissue was also observed. ■ Results SFH did not affects weight gain, serum AST and ALT in hyperlipidemic mice. Oral administration of SFH lowered levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride, which were elevated by induction of hyperlipidemia. Finally, administration of SFH lowered fasting blood glucose significantly. And SFH also ameliorates anti-oxidative stress systems in internal organs which play key role in disease prevention. ■ Conclusion Results in our study suggest that SFH can prevent obese through regulation of dyslipidemia and hyperglycaemia.