• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.210-215
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• 2010

Acute toxicity on the polysaccharide fraction of Pueraria lobata was examined using male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. The polysaccharide fraction of Pueraria lobata was orally administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 2,000 mg/kg and 5,000 mg/kg and observed for two weeks. No mortality and abnormal clinical signs were observed at the doses used. There were not any significant differences in parameters of blood biochemical values and urinalysis by the treatment of test material. All rats were appeared to be healthy and normal throughout the observation period. Also there was no difference in net body weight gain and gross pathological findings among the groups rats treated with different doses of the polysaccharide fraction with Pueraria lobata.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.334-344
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• 2011

Objectives : Sipjeondaebo-tang is a medicine traditionally prescribed as a restorative. The aim of this study was to investigate the single oral dose toxicity and safety of extract of fermented Sipjeondaebo-tang in ICR mice. Methods : In single oral dose toxicity study, non-fermented or fermented Sipjeondaebo-tang were administered by oral gavage to ICR mice (5 males, 5 females) at single doses of varying concentrations: 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg. Changes of body weight, general behavior, adverse effects and mortality were determined throughout the experimental period. Hematological parameters, organ weights and necropsy findings were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Results : There were no mortality or signs of toxicity in single oral dose toxicity studies. There were also no significant differences in body weight, organ weight, or hematological parameters between the treatment and control groups. Conclusions : Fermented Sipjeondaebo-tang did not cause remarkable adverse effects in ICR mice. The oral lethal dose of fermented Sipjeondaebo-tang is more than 5000 mg/kg and no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the extract for both male and female mice is 5000 mg/kg.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.45-50
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• 2015

Objectives: In this study, we investigated the 4-week repeated-dose oral toxicity of gami-jakyak gamcho buja decoction (Mecasin) to develop safe treatments. Methods: In order to investigate the 4-week oral toxicity of Mecasin, we administered Mecasin orally to rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups of five male and five female animals per group: group 1 being the control group and groups 2, 3, and 4 being the experimental groups. Doses of Mecasin of 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg of body weight were administered to the experimental groups, and a dose of normal saline solution of 10 mL/kg was administered to the control group. We examined the survival rate, weight, clinical signs, and gross findings for four weeks. This study was conducted under the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. Results: No deaths occurred in any of the four groups. No significant changes in weights or food consumption between the control group and the experimental groups were observed. Serum biochemistry revealed that some groups showed significant decrease in inorganic phosphorus (IP) (P < 0.05). During necropsy on the rats, one abnormal macroscopic feature, a slight loss of fur, was observed in the mid dosage (1,000 mg/kg) male group. No abnormalities were observed in any other rats. In histopathological findings, the tubular basophilia and cast of the kidney and extramedullary hematopoiesis of the spleen were found. However, those changes were minimal and had occurred naturally or sporadically. No other organ abnormalities were observed. Conclusion: During this 4-week, repeated, oral toxicity test of Mecasin in SD rats, no toxicity changes due to Mecasin were observed in any of the male or the female rats in the high dosage group. Thus, we suggest that the doses in a 13-week, repeated test should be 0, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.57-60
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• 2017

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is characterized by mucocutaneous tenderness and typical hemorrhagic erosions, erythema and epidermal detachment presenting as blisters and areas of denuded skin. SJS is often observed after drug use as well as after bacterial or viral infections. Several drugs are at high risk of inducing SJS, but there are no cases in the English literature regarding anabolic steroid use triggering SJS. In our paper, we describe a case in which use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) was associated with SJS. The patient participated in competitive body-building and regularly took variable doses of AAS. Initial symptoms (headache, weakness, pharyngodynia, and fever) were ignored. After a week he presented to the Emergency Department with a burning sensation on the mouth, lips, and eyes. Painful, erythematous, maculopapular, and vesicular lesions appeared all over the body, including on the genitals. During hospitalization, he also developed a cardiac complication. The patient had not taken any drugs except AAS.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.231-235
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• 2001

The single oral toxicity of JG-381 was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes. In this study, rats were administrated orally with dosages of 267, 400, 600, 900 and 1350 mg/kg of JG-381. We daily examined number of deaths, clinical signs, body weights and gross findings for 14 days after JG-381 administration. When we administered different doses of 267, 400, 600, 900 and 1350 mg/kg, we found 1, 4, 4, 5 and 5 male rats died and 3, 5, 4, 5 and 5 female rats died within 1 day after administration, respectively. Some clinical signs (decrease locomotor activity, salivation, soft stool, prone position, lacrimation, crouching position, convulsion, ataxic gait, incontinence of urine) were also observed during the experimental period. Our findings suggest that oral L $D_{50s}$ (95% confidence limit) for male and female rats are 327 mg/kg (270~396 mg/kg) and 250 mg/kg (256~264 mg/kg), respectively.y.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.251-256
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• 2009

Cordyceps bassiana is a parasitic fungus and used as a Chinese traditional medicine. It has been called as DongChungHaCho(summer-plant, winter-worm) in China. Acute oral toxicity was examined in male and female ICR mice. Butanol fraction from Cordyceps bassiana(BuCb) was administered orally at a dose of 2,500 mg/kg, 5,000 mg/kg, 10,000 mg/kg. No death and abnormal clinical signs were observed throughout the administration period. The acute toxicity test on mouse did not show any oversign in net body weight gain, food and water consumptions, organ weights, gross pathological findings by different doses of BuCb. Also, biochemical examination revealed no evidence of specific toxicity. These findings show that BuCb has wide margin of safety on acute toxicity with single exposure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.43-44
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• 2003

The subacute toxicity and toxicokinetics of a type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor, CJ-10882, were evaluated after single (on the 1st day) and 4-week (on the 27th day) oral administration of the drug, in doses of 0 (to serve as a control), 2, 10 and 50 mg/kg/d, to male and female dogs (n = 3 for male and female dogs for each dose). During the test period, clinical signs, mortality, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross findings, organ weight and histopathology were examined.(omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.200-206
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• 2008

A variety of mechanisms may generate pain resulting from injury to the peripheral nervous system. None of these mechanisms is disease-specific, and several different pain mechanisms may be present simultaneously in any one patient. Diagnosis of neuropathic pain is often easily made from the information gathered on neurologic examination and from patient history. Evidence of sensory disturbances elicited by examination combined with laboratory tests confirming injury to peripheral nerve establishes the diagnosis of neuropathic pain. Although treatment of neuropathic pain may be difficult, optimum treatment can be achieved if dentist has a complete understanding of the therapeutic options. Pharmacologic therapy has been the mainstay of treatment. Selection of an appropriate pharmacologic agent is by trial and error since individual response to different agents, doses, and serum level are highly variable. An adequate trial for each agent tried is key to pharmacologic treatment of neuripathic pain. If pharmacologic treatment is not effective, nerve block using lidocaine, steroid and alcohol and neurectomy must be considered for treatment option.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.126-130
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• 2007

Sedation is often indicated for the relief of anxiety for outpatient oral surgery. In combination with local anesthesia, it is safe and effective method of treatment. However, it is not always effective in allowing the physician to complete the planned oral surgery procedure. On occasion, a procedure is left unfinished due to patient combativeness and discomfort and hypertension in spite of increase in sedative doses. Episodic increases in blood pressure were most commonly caused by light anesthesia or sedation and by the patient's experience of pain during treatment. Female patient was 42 years old. blood pressure is 150/90 mmHg. Extraction and implant surgery was done under IV sedation. During seadtion, her blood pressure was increased (200/100 mmHg). Surgery was stopped. She was done monitoring blood pressure. The blood pressure was decreased to 130/90 mmHg. Sedation was failed due to significant hypertension. Blood pressure is seldom increased during sedation but we should evaluate the patient's medical history and know guideline for hypertension crisis.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.43-50
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• 2001

A daily newspaper in Korea addressed an controversial issue recently that the concentration of radon measured from the groundwater in Taejon was found out a relatively high level. The cancer risk arising from ingestion of such radon should be derived from calculation of the dose absorbed by the tissues at risk. The study performed by the National Research Council in United States confirmed that the use of a PBPK model for the ingested radon could provide the useful information regarding the distribution of radon among the organs of the body. This study presents an approach for the internal dose assessment of ingested radon for this case. At first, the study develops a PBPK model for ingested radon. However, the important issue is how to simulate a more realistic situation using the model associated with repeated oral doses rather than a single oral dose. The simulations are performed for repeated oral exposures per 8-hour interval using the PBPK model for a male adult. The concentration and cumulative value of radon concentration are calculated and analyzed for lung tissue and adipose group, respectively. The results could be used for the realistic prediction of the internal dose of radon in the human body for repeated oral exposures.