• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.915-920
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• 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the influencing factors on oral and maxillofacial trauma prevention education experience of students majoring in physical education. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 268 students majoring in physical education in Busan. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics(4 questions), TMJ symptoms(9 questions), oral habit(8 questions), and mouth guard awareness(5 questions). The questionnaire was carried out by 5 Likert scale. Higher points of Likert scale showed the negative tendency except the mouth guard awareness. The higher points of mouth guard awareness showed the positive tendency to use the mouth guard. Results: Male students had higher scores of 2.75 points in bad oral habit than the female students(p<0.05). Female students higher score of 1.30 points in mouth guard awareness than male students(p<0.05). TMJ symptoms experience in oral and maxillofacial trauma was 3.15 points which was higher than the prevention education experience without maxillofacial trauma(p<0.001). TMJ symptoms and Mouth guard awareness showed 2.71(p<0.01) and 1.20 points(p<0.001) respectively in students with maxillofacial trauma prevention education experience. These score were higher than those without education experience of trauma prevention education experience. The influencing factors on trauma prevention education experience are mouth guard awareness(p<0.001), oral habits(p<0.01), and temporomandibular joint symptom(p<0.01). Conclusions: The necessity of mouth guards should be emphasized to prevent the serious oral trauma. It is very important to establish the rule for mouth guard use in sports activities. Therefore, oral and maxillofacial trauma prevention education program is needed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2225-2229
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• 2014

Background: Carcinoma of the tongue is the most common intra-oral malignancy in Western countries. Incidence and mortality rates have increased in recent years, and survival has not improved. This study aimed to determine etiologic factors for tongue cancer with age-sex matched case-control data. Materials and Methods: 47 patients with carcinoma of the tongue referred to our oral medicine clinic between years 2005-2006 were analyzed and compared with control group data. The medical records, including family history of cancer, dental trauma, and history of abuse of alcohol and tobacco products was recorded for all subjects. Chi square comparison tests and linear regression analysis were performed using the SPSS program for statistics. Results: Patient and randomly selected control groups each consisted of 30 male and 17 female subjects with mean ages 53.2 (${\pm}12.6$) and 52.6 (${\pm}11.5$) years respectively. Smoking and alcohol abuse proportions were significantly higher in the patient group (p=0.0001, p<0.0001 respectively). Chronic mechanical trauma was observed in 44.7% of the patients and 17.0% of the control group (p=0.004). Similarly, family history of cancer of any type (for the first degree relatives) was found to be more common in the patient group (p=0.009). On regression analysis, alcohol abuse, family history of cancer, smoking, chronic mechanical traumas appeared as significant etiologic factors (p=0.0001). Conclusions: We believe that field cancerization may become evident in oral and oropharyngeal mucosa with multiple steps of molecular changes starting from the first sign of dysplasia with chronic exposure to etiological factors. Chronic trauma cases need particular attention to search for very early signs of cancer.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.182-188
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• 1993

A technical refinement for oral commissure reconstruction is presented. The oral commissure has an important role in oral sphincteric function. Once lost, the oral commissure is very difficult to restore and therefore, reconstruction of the oral commissure requires prevention of this function as well as prevention of microstomia. Trauma and tumor excisions are the most frequent reasons that will necessitate reconstruction of the oral commissure. Direct approximation of the wound margins after resection of the corner of the mouth could easily induce microstomia and difficulty in opening. Thus case presented here deals with distortion of noraml mouth angle and acquired microstomia due to burn and tissue deface following shotgun and explosive wounds. The a mucosal flap approach was used to rehabilitate a natural looking mouth angle showing satisfactory results function and esthetic wise.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.417-421
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• 2007

Post-intubation granuloma of the larynx is a rare complication of general inhalation anesthesia, which is associated with direct mechanical irritation of laryngeal mucosa from trauma, prolonged period of endotracheal intubation, multiple intubations and endotracheal movement. This study was performed retrospectively to evaluate symptoms, incidence, duration and site for prevention of the intubation granuloma. The authors investigated 16 patients of intubation granuloma among 719 patients during 1 year period from August, 2005 to July, 2006 at the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital. The results were as follows. 1. The incidence was 16/719 cases(2.2%) 2. The female to male ratio was 7:1 3. Hoarseness was the main symptom 4. Most cases occurred after 2-jaw orthognathic surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.383-389
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• 2002

This is a retrospective study on emergency patients with active oral bleeding. The study was based on a series of 135 patients treated as emergency patients at Wonju Christian Hospital, from Jan. 1, 1997, to Dec. 31, 2001. The postoperative bleeding was the most frequent cause of active oral bleeding in emergency room and bleeding from trauma and medically compromised (bleeding disorders) patients were next in order of frequency. In the injury of maxillofacial vessels, peak incidence was occurred in the inferior alveolar vessel (42.9%), followed by the submucosal vessel of lip & cheek, the superior alveolar vessel, and sublingual vessels. The most common disease of bleeding disorders was vascular wall alteration (infection, etc), followed by liver disease, thrombocytopenic purpura, anti-coagulation drugs in order. In the characteristics of dental diseases on bleeding disorders, periodontal disease and alveolar osteitis (osteomyelitis) were more common. The hemostasis was most obtained by use of wound suture, simple pressure dressing, drainage for infection control and primary interdental wiring of fracture. In the complication group, the infrequent incidence was showed in vomiting, hypovolemic shock, syncope, recurred bleeding & aspiration pneumonia. In the uncontrolled oral bleeding, the injured vessels were suspected as skull base & ethmoidal vessels. In this study, authors found that the close cooperation between the dentistry (Oral and maxillofacial surgery) and the medicine (emergency & internal medicine) was the most important for early proper control of active oral bleeding. And then post-operative wound closure, drainage for infection control and previous systemic evaluation of bleeding disorders were critical for the prevention of postoperative bleeding in the local dental clinic.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.532-535
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• 2005

The objective of this study is assessment of the efficacy of upper joint space arthrocentesis on prevention of TMJ injury from patient with mantibular fractures. We divided the patients into two groups, one which consist of 24 patients who are taken arthrocentesis while open reduction of mandibular fracture, the other which consist of 27 patients without arthrocentesis from Jan 1999 to Dec 2001. We measured maximum mouth opening, excursive movement range respectively one week, one month, three months later after operation. The patients were instructed to mark on 10 cm VAS for evaluation of TMJ pain during resting, mouth opening, and mastication. We evaluated the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder clinically and radiographically 6 months later. The result of this study is that there is a reduction of pain and increase of range of mandibular motion in both groups but in patients with arthrocentesis there is relatively reduction of pain and increase of range of mandibular motion compared with control group. On the points of 6 months later, temporomandibular disorder occurred in 4 patients (16.7%) in group with arthrocentesis and 13 patients (47.1%) in control group. In conclusion, we think that supplemental therapy such as arthrocentesis is helpful for the recovery of jaw function and prevention of the development of temporomandibular disorder after facial trauma.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.306-316
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• 2015

Objectives: The facial bones are the most noticeable area in the human body, and facial injuries can cause significant functional, aesthetic, and psychological complications. Continuous study of the patterns of facial bone fractures and changes in trends is helpful in the prevention and treatment of maxillofacial fractures. The purpose of the current clinico-statistical study is to investigate the pattern of facial fractures over a 4-year period. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 1,824 fracture sites was carried out in 1,284 patients admitted to SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center for facial bone fracture from January 2010 to December 2013. We evaluated the distributions of age/gender/season, fracture site, cause of injury, duration from injury to treatment, hospitalization period, and postoperative complications. Results: The ratio of men to women was 3.2:1. Most fractures occurred in individuals aged between teens to 40s and were most prevalent at the middle and end of the month. Fractures occurred in the nasal bone (65.0%), orbital wall (29.2%), maxillary wall (15.3%), zygomatic arch (13.2%), zygomaticomaxillary complex (9.8%), mandibular symphysis (6.5%), mandibular angle (5.9%), mandibular condyle (4.9%), and mandibular body (1.9%). The most common etiologies were fall (32.5%) and assault (26.0%). The average duration of injury to treatment was 6 days, and the average hospitalization period was 5 days. Eighteen postoperative complications were observed in 17 patients, mainly infection and malocclusion in the mandible. Conclusion: This study reflects the tendency for trauma in the Seoul metropolitan region because it analyzes all facial fracture patients who visited our hospital regardless of the specific department. Distinctively, in this study, midfacial fractures had a much higher incidence than mandible fractures.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.144-152
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• 1991

Various muscular flaps are used in oral and maxillofacial reconstructive surgery for the defects caused by tumor resection and trauma or for the correction of head and neck deformities. The sternocleidomastoid(SCM) muscle may be widely used as a muscular or myocutaneous flap in these lesion. The authors used SCM muscular flap for the expected parotid defect following benign tumor related conservative parotidectomy in three cases. We expected that prevention of post-operative facial deformity, reduction of dead-space and protection of denuded facial nerve etc. is lead by SCM muscular flap. But the total SCM flap can lead to some complications such as "flat neck deformity", limitation of neck movement and overcontouring of parotid defect. Therefore, the authors used split pedicled SCM muscular flap and it lead good favorable results of post-operative functional and esthetic problems.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.251-256
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• 2012

With today's heightened interest in quality of life, leisure and sports activities were popular in the general public. Accordingly, the incidence of oral and maxillofacial injury are also rising. Use of a mouth protector to prevent the trauma of the oral and maxillofacial region is growing in importance, and among the mouth protector the mouthguard is the most commonly used. Mouthguard has been suggested to protect injuries by (1) preventing tooth injuries by absorbing and deflecting blows to the teeth; (2) shielding the lips, tongue, and gingival tissues from laceration; (3) preventing opposing teeth from coming into violent contact; (4) providing the mandible with resilient support, which absorbs an impact that might fracture the unsupported angle or condyle of the mandible; (5) preventing neck and cerebral brain injuries. Although mouthguard is effective for prevention of oral and maxillofacial injury, it is not widespread to athletes or general public and they are lack of awareness about the importance of mouthguard. We present the types and materials of mouthguard, things to consider when mouthguard fabrication, and the usage. This should be helpful in awareness about the importance and popularization of mouthguard.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.112-126
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• 1998

In dentistry, bony defects can be formed by cyst, tumor, inflammation, trauma and surgery in maxilla and mandible. If the overlying soft tissue invades and preoccupies the jaw bony defects, regenerated bony tissue same as adjacent bone can not replace whole space of the defects, thus preventing osteogenesis from occurring. Guided bone regeneration(GBR) is based on the prevention of overlying soft tissue from entering the bony defect during the initial healing periods. E-polytetrafluoroethylene(e-PTFE) is one of an effective and widely used barrier membrane for GBR, but it has the disadvantages such as surgical removal and high price. To overcome such disadvantages of e-PTFE, many investigators have proposed various absorbable barrier membranes. Inexpensive oxidized cellulose($Surgicel^{(R)}$) membrane was shown to have potential for use as an absorbable barrier membrane for regenerative procedure and it would not require surgical removal. The purpose of this study is to investigate the absorption periods of oxidized cellulose at the implant site and usefulness as a mechanical barrier, preventing the ingrowth of the overlying soft tissue into the bony defects. Two bony defects were made in each tibia of a dog using drill and one defect covered with oxidized cellulose and the other covered with periosteum directly as control. The experimental animals were sacrificed at 1st-7th, 10th, 14th, 21th, 28th day postoperatively, Inspection of the specimens was done to evaluate gross changes. Specimens were examined histopathologically by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining under light microscope. The results were as follows : 1. There was no significant differences of inflammatory reaction between the experimental and the control group. 2. The resorption of oxidized cellulose was almost completed within 14th day. 3. Histologically, bone formation in the experimental group was somewhat more than that of the control group at 10th, 14th, 21th and 28th day postoperatively. The bone forming pattern of the experimental group was more regular than that of the control group. 4. There was no evidence of soft tissue invasion into the bony defect in the experimental group. In conclusion, oxidized cellulose membrane might be used as an alternative absorbable barrier membrane to prevent overlying soft tissue invasion into the bony defects.