• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.463-470
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• 2000

For maximum seeding efficiency of a nozzle type seeder, the performance of the nozzle should be considered sufficiently. This study was carried out to investigate the optimum operating conditions of a seeder attached the vacuum nozzle which was modified syringe needle acting on the plug seedling tray and the seed plate. Such operating factors as the hole diameter of the nozzle (d), the distance from the nozzle tip to the bottom plate of seed hopper(D) the absorbing air pressure of the nozzle tip(P) the bounding height of seed from the vibrated bottom plate of seed hopper and the seeding speed were selected based on the weight of a grain of seed(W). The treated materials were pepper seed as the flat type, cucumber seed as the oval type and radish seed as the spherical type. The optimum operating conditions of the experimental seeder were revealed as follows: 1. The height of the seed bounding from the bottom plate of seed hopper and the distance from nozzle tip to bounded seed were 5 mm and 0.5 mm at all seeds. The hole diameter of the nozzle and the absorbing pressure for pepper seed, cucumber seed and radish seed was 0.45 mm, 0.65 mm. 0.65mm and 39.2 kPa, 88.3 kPa, 58.8 kPa, respectively. 2. The absorbing pressure P was represented as P=η.4W/$\pi$d$^2$ where η was 100. The seeding speed using a 128 cell tray was 2.4 cm/s which was same transfer as 2.5 trays per minute. 3. The maximum seeding rate in case of the pepper seed was 97% the cucumber seed was 95% and the radish seed was 100% under the optimum operating conditions of the seeder.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.675-680
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• 2019

석탄화력발전소는 저부하에서 효율 향상을 위해 변압운전으로, 고부하에서는 정압으로 운전하는 복합변압운전 방식으로 운전하고 있으며, 복합변압운전에는 2밸브 및 3밸브 전개모드로 구분되어 운영되고 있다. 각 발전소는 제작사 권고에 따라 터빈제어밸브 모드를 선택하여 운전하고 있으나 최적의 변압운전 부하범위로 운전되고 있지 않고, 각 발전소별 부하범위 또한 상이하게 구성 되어있다. 최적의 변압운전 부하범위로 설정되지 않으면 터빈밸브 교축 손실 발생에 따른 고압터빈 내부효율 저하가 발생되어 플랜트 효율이 저하된다. 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위해 본 논문에서는 터빈제어밸브 모드별 최적의 변압운전 부하 범위를 개선하기 위해 각 부하별 열 성능 분석 방법을 통해 최적의 부하범위를 선정하고자 한다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.373-380
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 상수도관망의 피해율 저감을 위한 최적의 펌프운영기법을 제안하였다. 펌프운영시스템은 효과적인 펌프운영을 위하여 개발되었다. 이를 위해 펌프와 소통할 수 있는 압력센서가 상수도관망의 관말단부에 설치되었다. 펌프운영시스템은 관말단의 센서로 부터 수신된 데이터를 통하여 펌프를 제어하게 된다. 따라서 펌프운영시스템은 관말단부에 충분한 유량을 전달할 수 있는 압력을 유지할 수 있고 불필요한 압력을 줄일 수 있다. 펌프운영시스템의 효과를 입증하기 위해 신뢰성해석모형이 사용되었고 기존의 펌프운영시스템과 새로운 펌프운영시스템의 운영결과를 통하여 상수도관의 파괴확률을 정량적으로 비교하였다. 이를 위해서 부정류해석을 수행하였고 그 결과는 파괴확률을 산정하는데 사용되었다. 그 결과, 새로 제시된 펌프운영시스템은 상수도관의 파괴확률을 현저히 낮출 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2013

Generally, the chassis of an indoor RAC is composed of a rear-guider and a stabilizer. The aerodynamic performance of a cross-flow fan is strongly influenced by the various design factors of the chassis of an indoor RAC. The purpose of this paper is to select the optimum design factors through the aerodynamic performance of a cross-flow fan. The design factors are the leading angle of a rear-guider (${\theta}_1$), a stabilizer setup angle(${\theta}_2$), a rear-guider clearance(${\epsilon}_1$), and a stabilizer clearance(${\epsilon}_2$), respectively. As a result, the optimum design factors of an indoor RAC can be presented as a combination of ${\theta}_1=33^{\circ}$, ${\theta}_2=55^{\circ}$, ${\epsilon}_1=6{\sim}8mm$, and ${\epsilon}_2=7mm$ through the analysis of a static pressure coefficient and a static pressure efficiency.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.542-553
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• 2015

Objectives: Many types of dust collector are used for industrial ventilation, with the most common types being the cylinder bag filter system, rectangular bag filter system and cylinder type cartridge filter system. The cylinder type cartridge bag filter, which has more filtering area than other types of bag filter, can increase the pulse time and extend the useful life of the filter. This can save operational costs and installation area. Materials: This study used cylinder type cartridge bag filter equipment and tested the impact of vibration level and filter pressure with different pulse jet cleaning conditions. The final, cleaning efficiency was calculated through input dust mass and cleaning dust mass Conclusions: Two optimum cleaning condition groups were found. The first condition group was $3kgf/cm^2$ pulse pressure, 15 cm pulse distance, 0.2 s pulse time with an H-10 type nozzle. The second condition group was $3kgf/cm^2$ pulse pressure, 15 cm pulse distance, 0.3 s pulse time with an H-10 type nozzle.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2014

This study conducts shape optimization of rib turbulator on the internal cooling passage that has triangular cross-section of high pressure turbine nozzle. During optimization, various types of rib turbulator including angled, V-shaped, A-shaped and angled rib with intersecting rib are considered. Each type of rib turbulator is parameterized with attack angle(s), rib height, spacing ratio and bending/intersecting location. For optimization, Design of Experiment (DOE) and Kriging surrogate model are used to utilize computational resource more efficiently and Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to search the optimum points. As a result, Pareto front of each type of rib turbulator with friction factor that relates to pressure drop in cooling passage and spatially averaged Nusselt number that relates to heat transfer on the wall is drawn and optimum points on the Pareto front are suggested.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

Surge pressure is created by rapid change of flow rate due to operation of hydraulic component or accident of pipeline. Proper control of surge pressure in distribution system is important because it can damage pipeline and may have the potential to degrade water quality by pipe leakage due to surge pressure. Surge relief valve(SRV) is one of the most widely used devices and it is important to determine proper parameters for SRV's installation and operation. In this research, determining optimum parameters affecting performance of the SRV were investigated. We proposed the methodology for finding combination of parameters for best performance of the SRV. Therefore, the objective function for evaluate fitness of candidate parameters and surge pressure simulation software was developed to validate proposed parameters for SRV. The developed software was integrated into genetic algorithm(GA) to find best combination of parameters.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.2022-2029
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• 1995

The experiment was performed by using the condenser discharge ignition device in a constant volume combustion chamber for high pressure, equivalent to the TDC of spark ignition engine, which makes the forced turbulent field possible. The conclusions obtained under various initial pressures, initial temperatures, and turbulent conditions of the methanol-air mixture are as follows : As initial pressure, initial temperature of the mixture, and the ignition energy increase, the inflammability limit expands, but the lean inflammability limit decreases as turbulence intensity increases. Combustion duration is shorter in the case of the lower initial pressure, the higher initial temperature, an equivalence ratio of 1.1-1.2, and even though turbulence intensity increases up to optimum value. Maximum combustion pressure increases in turbulent ambience under the same mixture condition, only in the case each optimum turbulence intensity exists under every condition. As the turbulence intensity increases .tau.$_{10}$ proportion increases while the .tau.$_{pr}$ proportion decreases....

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.122-129
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• 1996

The spark timing is one of major parameters to the engine performance and emissions. The ECU controls the spark timing based on preset values, which are functions of load and speed, in most of today's automotive SI engine. In this system, the preset spark timing can be different from optimum value due to the deviations from mass production, aging effects and so on. In the present study, a control logic is investigated for real time adaptation of spark timing to optimal value. It has been found that crank angle of miximum cylinder pressure is one of the appropriate parameters to estimate the optimum spark timing throught experiment. It has also been observed for spark timing convergence by variation of engineering model factors. The simulation program including engineering model for cycle by cycle variation of combustion is developed for surveying spark timing control logic. It is also shown that simulation results reflect experiment outputs and reasonableness of spark timing control logic for crank angle of maximum cylinder pressure.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2010

Response surface methodology was used to predict the optimum conditions of explosive puffing process for ginseng. A central composite design was used to monitor the effect of moisture content and puffing pressure on dependent variables such as functional compounds (extract yield, crude saponin, acidic polysaccharide, and total phenolic content) and sensory properties. Correlation coefficients $(R^2)$ of models for crude saponin, acidic polysaccharide, and total phenolic content were 0.9176 (p<0.05), 0.9494 (p<0.05), and 0.9878 (p<0.001), respectively. Functional compounds increased with decreasing moisture content and increasing puffing pressure. Overall palatability was high at 15-20% moisture content and 98-294 kPa of puffing pressure. On the basis of superimposed contour maps for functional compounds and overall palatability of puffed ginseng, the optimum ranges of puffing conditions were 10-17% moisture content and 294-392 kPa puffing pressure.