• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.159-168
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• 1999

Swine whipworm(Trichuris suis) is cosmopolitan nematode which can cause serious pathology in immature stage(larva2~larva5) of infected pigs, such as anorexia, diarrhea, anemia, and death in heavy infections. In this larval stages, it is very difficult to diagnose the infection of whipworm and to differentiate from other common swine gastrointestinal disorders such as 21 day scours which are associated with TGE virus, rota virus, coccidium, and the stress of weaning. In this experiment, the isolated antigens of Trichuris spp. were carried out to examine the structure and specificity of antigens and to select the reasonable antigens which would be used in serological diagnosis by electrophoresis, Western blotting, ELISA. The results of this experiment were as follows; 1. The common fractions of each Trichuris suis antigen were identified 28,32,45, 80kDa by SDS-PAGE with silver stain and four major fractions could be detected in positive swine sera by Western blot analysis. 2. The OD(optical density) values of somatic and excretory-secretory antigens which were reacted against positive(negative) sera from pigs infected with Trichuris suis by ELISA reader were; 1) OD values($mean{\pm}SD$) of adult somatic antigen against positive(negative) sera were $0.30{\pm}0.12(0.09{\pm}0.006)$ and third-stage larva of somatic antigen were $0.28{\pm}0.038(0.10{\pm}0.005)$. And OD values of excretory-secretory antigens of adult and third-stage larva were $0.24{\pm}0.031(0.11{\pm}0.005)$ and $0.08{\pm}0.013(0.10{\pm}0.003)$, respectively. 2) OD values of adult somatic, larval somatic antigen and adult excretory-secretory antigen response to positive sera were significantly (p<0.01) associated with negative swine sera. And the Cut-off OD values(minimum positive value) were determined to be mean negative value plus 3 SD that would minimized the risk of false positives. 3. The OD values of somatic antigens of T suis and T vulpis against swine positive(negative) sera were $0.30{\pm}0.120(0.09{\pm}0.006)$ and $0.25{\pm}0.141(0.09{\pm}0.003)$. These data mean that the somatic antigens of T suis and T vulpis were able to diagnose T vulpis infection in dogs as well as T suis infection in pigs. These results suggest that somatic antigen of third-stage larva and excretory-secretory antigen of adult T suis could be used the diagnostic antigen by serological test(ELISA) in immature Trichuris spp. infection.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.382-388
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• 2007

Statement of problem. The role of calcium sulfate in stimulating the growth of gingival soft tissue has been reported in few studies. Such a unique property of calcium sulfate could serve as a trouble-solving broker in compensating for the lack of soft tissues in various oral surgeries. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to compare the proliferating activities of human gingival fibroblasts seeded on various bone graft barrier materials of calcium sulfate, collagen, and polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE). Material and methods. Two calcium sulfates ($CAPSET^{(R)}$. and $CalForma^{(R)}$, Lifecore Biomedical Inc., St. Paul, Minnesota, USA), a resorbable natural collagen ($Bio-Gide^{(R)}$, Geistlich Pharma Ag., Wolhusen, Switzerland), and a non-resorbable PTFE ($TefGen-FD^{(R)}$, Lifecore Biomedical Inc., St. Paul, Minnesota, USA) served as the human gingival fibroblasts' substrates and comprised the four experimental groups, whereas the untreated floors of culture plastics were used in the control group, in this study. Cells were trypsinized, seeded, and incubated for 48 h. The proliferating activities of fibroblasts were determined by XTT and SRB assay and absorbance (optical density, OD) was measured. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the differences in the mean OD values between the groups of CAPSET, CalForma, Bio-Gide, TefGen, and the control (p<0.05). Results. From the XTT assay, the mean OD value of the control group, the highest, was significantly greater than that of any of the four experimental groups followed by CalForma, CAPSET, TefGen, and Bio-Gide. Further, the mean OD value of CalForma, was significantly greater compared to that of Bio-Gide. From the SRB assay, Calforma showed the highest mean OD value, which was significantly greater than that of any other groups, followed by the control, CAPSET, Bio-Gide, and TefGen. The mean OD values of both the control and CAPSET were significantly greater compared to that of TefGen (p<0.05). Conclusion. Assessment of the viability and proliferation of cultured fibroblasts seeded and incubated for 48 h on various barrier-material substrates using XTT and SRB assay showed that calcium sulfate $CalForma^{(R)}$ promotes the proliferating activity of human gingival fibroblasts.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 넙치를 대상으로 항체 검출 ELISA법을 적용하기 위한 기초연구로서 넙치에 BSA를 면역시킨 후 사육 수온에 따른 특이 항체 반응을 항체 검출 ELISA법을 사용하여 조사하였다. 수온 $15^{\circ}C$에서는 면역 후 14일째부터 BSA에 대한 특이 항체가가 형성되는 개체가 확인되었고 (OD값: 0.69), 28~42일에 가장 높은 항체가 (OD값: 1.94~3.04)가 관찰되었으며, 면역 84일째는 0.03~1.28의 OD값이 관찰되었다. 수온 $12{\sim}13^{\circ}C$에서는 면역 후 28일째부터 항체가 관찰되었고 (OD값: 0.14~0.25), 3개체에서 56~70일에 가장 높은 항체가 (OD값: 1.88~2.68)가 확인되었으며, 면역 84일째에는 0.49~2.35의 OD값이 관찰되었다. 2개체의 경우는 면역 84일까지 0.8 이하의 OD값을 나타내었다. 수온 $10^{\circ}C$에서는 면역 후 56일째부터 항체가가 확인되었고 (OD값: 0.11~0.83), 2개체에서 면역 70일째 가장 높은 항체가가 (OD값: 1.37~1.53)가 확인되었으며, 면역 84일째에는 1.00~1.11의 OD값이 관찰되었다. 이에 반해 3개체에서는 항체가가 천천히 상승하여 면역 84일째 0.12~0.68의 OD값을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 넙치의 특이 항체 반응은 개체별로 차이를 보이나 수온이 높을수록 항체 형성이 빠르고 항체가도 높게 나타나며, 지속기간이 길게 나타나는 것이 확인되었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2002

1. 돌연변이체 DM-1과 DM-2의 간장은 양친인 Dohoku나 대조구인 흑진주벼보다 짧은 반면에 출수기는 7일내지 20일가량 늦어졌다. 2. 이들 DM-1과 DM-2의 수장은 대조구와 비슷하였으나 주당 이삭수는 대조구와 같이 DM-2에서 매우 많았다. 3. 선발된 계통들에 대한 주당 영화수는 대조구보다 적었으나 영색은 갈색내지 짙은 자주색으로 다양한 변이를 보였고 까락길이 역시 변이가 컸다. 4. 안토치안 색소에 대한 공시계통간 차이를 optical density($OD_{530}$)값으로 나타낸 결과 DM-2 변이계통에서 2.23, DM-3 변이계통에서 2.26으로 나타나 대조구인 흑진주벼의 2.59보다 크게 낮았다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권11호
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• pp.4195-4208
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• 2022

In this study, operator habitability was numerically evaluated in the event of a fire at the main control bench board (MCB) in a reference main control room (MCR). It was investigated if evacuation variables including hot gas layer temperature (HGLT), heat flux (HF), and optical density (OD) at 1.8 m from the MCR floor exceed the reference evacuation criteria provided in NUREG/CR-6850. For a fire model validation, the simulation results of the reference MCR were compared with existing experimental results on the same reference MCR. In the simulation, various input parameters were applied to the MCB panel fire scenario: MCR height, peak heat release rate (HRR) of a panel, number of panels where fire propagation occurs, fire propagation time, door open/close conditions, and mechanical ventilation operation. A specialized-average HRR (SAHRR) concept was newly devised to comprehensively investigate how the various input parameters affect the operator's habitability. Peak values of the evacuation variables normalized by evacuation criteria of NUREG/CR-6850 were well-correlated as the power function of the SAHRR for the various input parameters. In addition, the evacuation time map was newly utilized to investigate how the evacuation time for different SAHRR was affected by changing the various input parameters. In the previous studies, it was found that the OD is the most dominant variable to determine the MCR evacuation time. In this study, however, the evacuation time map showed that the HF is the most dominant factor at the condition of without-mechanical ventilation for the MCR with a partially-open false ceiling, but the OD is the most dominant factor for all the other conditions. Therefore, the method using the SAHRR and the evacuation time map was very useful to effectively and comprehensively evaluate the operator habitability for the various input parameters in the event of MCB fires for the reference MCR.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.533-542
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• 2014

We extracted essential oils from four species (Pinus densiflora, Larix kaempferi, Pinus koraiensis, and Abies holophylla) in the family Pinaceae to investigate their antibacterial activities against respiratory tract bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophillus influenzae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Neisseria meningitides). Among the tested oils, that from A. holophylla was showed strong activity based on disc diffusion and broth medium dilution (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) assays. Qualitative analysis of A. holophylla oil was carried out by GC-MS; ${\alpha}$-pinene, camphene, ${\beta}$-pinene, 3-carene, limonene, bornyl acetate, borneol, ${\beta}$-caryophyllene, ${\alpha}$-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, and ${\alpha}$-bisabolol were identified as its major constituents. Fractionation by silica gel chromatography was performed to analyze the active constituents of the crude oil. In particular, one fraction containing caryophyllene oxide as the major constituent showed stronger antibacterial activity than the crude oil of A. holophylla. Growth rates of bacterial strains exposed to fraction D were explored by optical density (OD600) measurements while morphology was examined by optical microscopy observations ( ${\times}1000$). OD600 of K. pneumoniae decreased from 0.2582 to 0.005 in response to treatment with fraction D at a MIC value of $0.31{\mu}{\ell}/m{\ell}$.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.1635-1641
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• 2009

하드코팅에 의해 광변색과 경성의 성질을 갖는 플라스틱 렌즈를 제조하고, 그것들의 광학적 성질과 표면 특성을 평가하였다. 무색 상태의 자외선 스펙트럼과 유색 상태의 가시광선 스펙트럼에서 광변색 효과를 관찰할 수 있었다. 광변색 렌즈의 가시광선 투과율은 무색 상태에서 83.44%(검정)에서 87.15%(청)였으며, 유색 상태에서 71.10%(적)에서 79.98%(황)이었다. 적색 광변색 렌즈는 다른 렌즈에 비해 광학 밀도(${\Delta}$OD)와 색차(${\Delta}$$E^{\ast}_\;{ab}$)가 컸다. 하드코팅을 적용한 광변색 렌즈는 부착성, 내온수성, 내약품성 및 표면 현상이 우수하였으며, 또한 경도와 내마모성은 무코팅 렌즈에 비하여 증가하였다. 따라서 이와 같은 코팅 시스템으로 광변색과 하드코팅 성질과 같은 기능성을 안경렌즈에 부여할 수 있었다.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2024

This study presents the characteristics of growth and morphology of Anabaena sp., a representative filamentous cyanobacterium, depending on temperature variation from 10 to 30 ℃. Both the filament density (or number) and its length of Anabaena were highly affected by temperature, as well as growth stage. Rapid growth at a higher temperature led to an increase in Anabaena filament density, as well as optical density at 680 nm (OD₆₈₀). However, the number of vegetative cells within a single filament of Anabaena grown at 30 ℃ was smaller than those grown at lower temperatures, due to the intercalary division of the filament. Of the three different cells comprising a single Anabaena filament, the vegetative cell marginally affects the growth of Anabaena. The main dimensions of the vegetative cell, i.e., length and width, depend on the temperature and growth stage. The length-to-width (L/W) ratios of vegetative cells and akinetes were relatively consistent regardless of the temperature. However, in vegetative cells with dichotomous growth, the L/W ratio shows clear differences depending on their growth stage. It has been demonstrated that the L/W ratio could be used as an indicator to indirectly predict the growth stage of on-sit Anabaena samples.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.44-54
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• 2024

One of the serious modern environmental problems is pollution caused by highly toxic pesticides. Only small amounts of applied pesticides reach their target, and the rest ends up in soil and water. Chlorpyrifos is a toxic, broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide. In humans, chlorpyrifos inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the peripheral and central nervous system, and particularly in children, small amounts of this pesticide cause neurotoxic damage. As the toxic effects of chlorpyrifos and its persistence in the environment require its removal from contaminated sites, it is essential to study the biological diversity of chlorpyrifos-degrading microorganisms. In this study, we sought to determine the chlorpyrifos-degrading ability of the bacterial strain Ochrobactrum intermedium PDB-3. This strain was isolated from soil contaminated with various pesticides and identified as PDB-3 based on morpho-cultural characteristics, MALDI-TOF MS, and 16S rRNA. Studies were conducted for 30 days in sterile soils containing initial concentrations of 50, 75, 100, and 125 mg/kg of chlorpyrifos. To determine the degradation of chlorpyrifos, a liquid culture of the strain was added to the soil at three optical densities: 0, and after 24 and 48 h (OD = 0.03, 0.2 and 0.32). Using GX-MS, we determined that chlorpyrifos was converted to 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP). We also found that with increasing optical density, rapid degradation of the initial concentration of chlorpyrifos occurred. Sterile soil without strain PDB-3 was used as a control sample.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.134-138
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• 1993

Monascus anka 732Y3 was induced from Monascus anka KFCC 11832 (IFO 4478, ATCC 16360) by ultra-violet light irradiation. The growth of this new fungus is frequently more dependent on sexual propagation than asexual propagation, compared with that of its parental strain, M. anka KFCC 11832. Less conidia than those of M. anka KFCC 11832 were observed by a microscope. The optical density of the red pigments ($OD_{500}$) produced by M. anka 732Y3 was 157, which was about 10 times higer than that of M. anka KFCC 11832. Such high production of the red pigments by the mutant could be explained by the following observations.