• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.416-424
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• 2019

The authentication technologies used to access computers in both IT and operational technology (OT) network areas include ID/PW, public certificate, and OTP. These authentication technologies can be seen as reflecting the nature of the business-driven IT network. The same authentication technologies is used in SCADA control networks where the operational technology is centered. However, these authentication technologies do not reflect the characteristics of the OT control network environment, which requires strict control. In this paper, we proposed a new enhanced user authentication method suitable for the OT SCADA control network centered on control information processing, utilizing the physical terminal address and operator location information characteristics of the operator's mobile terminal and control network.

• Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.303-321
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• 2012

Scenarios are an effective tool for supporting a company to be successful in its increasingly complex, changing business environment. They are especialy effective in dealing with uncertainties. This paper show how business managers or supervisors can develop scenario-based business strategies. This is explained by the case study of MVNO (Mobile Virtual Network Operator) in Korean mobile service market. In addition, we discuss on theoretical background of scenario- based management and describe the integration of scenarios into process of strategic management. This includes specific methodological approaches to identify the key factors and logics for scenario building, to develop new strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.248-256
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• 2013

Part 2 of the Questionnaire Survey on Marine Safety and VTS in the Philippine Coastal Waters presents the alternatives to risk reduction, modifying the VTS, the qualification and competency of a VTS operator and effectiveness of the services and assistance rendered by VTS. This study finds that majority of respondents chose "Improved education and training of mariners" as the best alternative to risk reduction and the "Strict enforcement of ship safety regulations" as the best alternative based on the respondents' ranks last served onboard and areas of familiarity. In modifying the VTS, the areas with VTS chose to "Improve or upgrade" and for those without, is to "Implement" the system. The best VTS system is the "Port and Approaches" type and the PCG is selected to operate, maintain and supervise the system. As a VTS operator, the necessity of shipboard experience is considered "Essential" and the experiences include "Ship-handling and Communication", and "Management level" experiences. The effectiveness of the assistance and services rendered by VTS are considered "Very Important". Based on these findings, this study recommends improvement of education and training of mariners and users of the waterways including the training of VTS operators manning the VTS centers, strict enforcement of ship safety regulations along the busy and main ports of the country and installation of VTS system with the most appropriate type with the supervision of PCG.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.389-399
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was aimed at developing a tractor-driving simulator for the safety training of agricultural tractor operators. Methods: The developed simulator consists of five principal components: mock operator control devices, a data acquisition and processing device, a motion platform, a visual system that displays a computer model of the tractor, a motion platform, and a virtual environment. The control devices of a real tractor cabin were successfully converted into mock operator control devices in which sensors were used for relevant measurements. A 3D computer model of the tractor was also implemented using 3ds Max, tractor dynamics, and the physics of Unity 3D. The visual system consisted of two graphic cards and four monitors for the simultaneous display of the four different sides of a 3D object to the operator. The motion platform was designed with two rotational degrees of freedom to reduce cost, and inverse kinematics was used to calculate the required motor positions and to rotate the platform. The generated virtual environment consisted of roads, traffic signals, buildings, rice paddies, and fields. Results: The effectiveness of the simulator was evaluated by a performance test survey administered to 128 agricultural machinery instructors, 116 of whom considered the simulator as having potential for improving safety training. Conclusions: From the study results, it is concluded that the developed simulator can be effectively used for the safety training of agricultural tractor operators.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.504-510
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• 2019

Practical test items were analyzed to extend the existing scoring method for boat operator licenses to an electronic scoring method. We have attempted to digitize the method within the current practical test system scope and have developed an electronic scoring system using LiDAR sensors and WAVE communication. The results of the study are as follows; the first, the scoring data entered into the LiDAR and examiner score device on the boat were transferred from an integrated processing unit to a land control center through WAVE communication. The system was constructed and verified to store and manage examinee data. Second, when testing the meandering task, accurate distance measurement was achieved by using LiDAR instead of visually observing the stick (3 m), and an accurate distance was displayed through the examiner score device quickly. Finally, we confirmed that it is possible to smoothly transmit and process the WAVE communication used to transfer the score data acquired from the boat to the monitoring center at a high speed without loss.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.628-638
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• 2023

Maritime Autonomous Surface ships(MASS) are gradually gaining importance. Until fully autonomous ships are developed, they will likely be controlled by remote operators who are based in a Remote Operations Center. However, there is currently no internationally or domestically established licensing for them. This issue can potentially pose a risk to navigation safety due to operations being handled by unqualified remote operators. We conducted a literature review and proposed criteria for the adoption of a licensing system for remote operators. We have futher offered alternatives to integrate this license into the existing officer licensing system, and analyzed them using Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP). Subsequently,, theprimary need to enact legislation for remote operators is observed. The most preferred approach is to include the occupation of a remote operator in the Ship Officer Act, Article 4: Occupational Categories and Class of Licenses. Therefore, it would be logical for the organizational structure of the Remote Operation Center to mirror the traditional Bridge Resource Management. This study will contribute to the efficient training of remote operators and the safe navigation of autonomous ships with a focus on human resource management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.452-457
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• 2011

The internal temperature of an operating room had to keep within $20^{\circ}C$. However, the doctor who is wearing operating gown and mask caused to rise temperature because of the thermal occurrence of dental LED light source. At first, the surgery environment is getting worse. And then last, it would increase bleeding rate by the expansion of patient's exposured blood vessel. A surgical operator can distribute the patient's tissue through such surgery environment, exactly. It can do accurate surgery. So, it gave to effect that surgical operator's eye condition is getting better and it could keep a mutual assistance system. For this research, we develop the LED dental light source module of high color rendition. It performed simulation for replacing established the method of Halogen lamp and Plazma lamp of light source. We analyzed intensity of illumination and the change of viability by changing the height of light source module.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.322-329
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• 2018

Teleoperation is defined with a master device that gives control command and a slave robot in a remote site. In this field, it is common that a human operator executes and experiences teleoperation with a virtual slave, and preliminary learns dynamic characteristic and network environment from both agents. Generally, a virtual slave has neglected forward dynamics and its kinematic model has been implemented in computer graphics. This makes a operator to experience actual feelings. This paper proposes a dynamic teleoperation model in which a robotic forward model is applied. Also, a novel compensation method is proposed to reduce the numerical error problems in forward dynamics caused by low control sampling rate. Finally, its results will be compared to the teleoperation in an actual environment.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2013

Objective: This study describes the change of operator performance in drastic change of illumination level, and proposes an alternative method to cope with it. Background: The control standard of illumination for nuclear power plants(NPPs) is based on the set of limit criteria for maintaining a specific illumination level. However, there is a possibility to cause human errors according to the psychological and physiological influences to operators in the situation of drastic change of illumination such as SBO(Station Black Out), so a basic study is necessary to review the current approach. Method: We assessed the visual fatigue, subjective work load and task performance according to the three illumination situations(Normal Illumination, Emergency Illumination, and Drastic Change of Illumination). Result: Research finding shows that there are not significant differences in task performance between normal illumination (1,000lx level) and emergency illumination (100lx level), only if beyond the dark adaptation limit. However, subjective work load on mental demand and visual fatigue show a potential challenge to visual performance in drastic change of illumination. Conclusion/Application: Several trials can complement this challenge in NPPs by applying 3-way communication, enhancing readability of procedures, and managing the visual factors affecting the operators' performance through a Visual Environment Management Program including visual health aspects, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.12 no.4 s.27
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• pp.307-312
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• 2006

The necessity of improving manning standards in the Ship Officer's Act has recently been strongly advocated by the fisheries industry. The fisheries industry maintained the position of the relaxation cf current manning standards. However, the Labor unions, Marine Officers Association, and Radio Officers' Association persisted to strengthen the standards or to keep the current standards. This paper studies the appropriateness of current manning standards and proposes its improvement scheme to secure the safe operation of vessels.