• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.239-244
• /
• 1976

Alterations in the serum magnesium level were studied in twenty patients who had open-heart surgery during the period from August 1974 to May 1975. The patients were chosen at random. The operative procedures included repair for congenital heart diseases in fifteen patients and cardiac valve replacement for acquired valvular heart diseases in five patients. The age ranged from 8 to 46 years, with an average of 19 years. None of the patients had a history of gross neuromuscular abnormalities. Cardiopulmonary bypass was carried out using a roller pump and a disposable oxygenator. The prime solution consisted of 2 units of ACD banked blood and approximately an equal volume of non-blood additives in adults, while a relatively smaller volume was added in children. The average flow rate was 2,733 ml per minute. Blood samples for magnesium and arterial blood pH were obtained the day after admission 25 minutes after initiation of the bypass and on the morning the day after operation. Preoperative data were then compared with those obtained during the bypass and postoperatively by a paired test. During the bypass, the serum magnesium level decreased significantly from $1.425{\pm}0.029$ to $1.210{\pm}0.063mEq.$ liter (p<0.001). Also, there was a significant decrease in serum magnesium from $1.425{\pm}0.029$ preoperatively to $1.255{\pm}0.083mEq$. per liter (p<0.001). Also, there was a significant decrease in serum magnesium from $1.425{\pm}0.029$ preoperatively to $1.255{\pm}0.083mEq$. per liter postoperatively (p<0.01). The duration of bypass was less than 90 minutes in 10 patients (group A) and exceeded 90 minutes in the remaining 10 (group B). There was no statistical correlation between the groups A and B ($p{\gg}0.20$). Statistical analyses of the serum magnesium level and arterial blood pH showed no significant correlation with correlation coefficient; being -0.3485(pre-op), -0.2971(during bypass), and -0.1008(post-op), respectively. In all the patients, no gross neuromuscular abnormalities were found postoperatively. At present, the clinical significance of the serum magnesium level during and after bypass is controversial. In the near future, however, it is expected that improvements in prime solution and heart-lung machine will solve this problem.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.283-292
• /
• 1985

A sanitary quality of a university foodservice establishment was assessed in terms of time and temperature, pH and Aw, and microbiological evaluation. Critical control points during various phases in product flow of fried fish cake soup were identified using hazard analysis concept. The results are summarized as follows : 1) Time and temperature data indicated that phases of holding ingredients at room temperature after cooking, and hot - holding of soup before assembly were critical. 2) pH and Aw values were in favorable for microbial growth. 3) Microbiological data indicated that microbial quality of ingredients was in poor condition. A holding practice of cooked ingredients at room temperature might provide the chance for microbial contamination and multiplication. Hot - holding time and temperature of soup should be strictly controlled to assure the food safety, since the microbial quality of serving food can be directly influenced by the hot - holding temperature of soup. 4) Microbiological test results for food containers, equipments, working surfaces, and supplies indicated that sanitary conditions of earthenware, gloves, wiping cloths and cutting board should be improved promptly. 5) Critical control points identified were : ingredients, pre - preparation, post - preparation, and holding before assembly and service. 6) Guidelines for the effective quality control program for this operation were suggested.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.1-19
• /
• 2011

This study aims to analyze importance and performance factors on the quality of food service event attributes in participants and organizers, so that it could provide helpful information to build up a detailed marketing strategy and present considerations for revisit increase and more efficient business results as well. Importance on food service event attributes scored a higher level than performance on the whole. Notably, in regard to the attributes of food service event, it was found that respondents put higher stress on vessel(4.10 points), natural seasoning(4.06 points), reservation service(4.04 points), parking service(3.95 points), customer level(3.85 points), organizer's service (3.84 points), polished atmosphere (3.83 points) and taste of food (3.83 points) than anything else. In terms of IPA analysis on food service event attributes, it was important to continuously maintain 'vessel', 'reservation service', customer level', 'sauce taste', 'recency', price', 'chefs fame', etc. Some items such as 'parking service', 'natural seasoning', 'polished atmosphere', 'taste of food', 'see off service', 'cleanliness' are in need of intensive care and operation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.390-398
• /
• 2005

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the skeletal and dentoalveolar dimensional changes following surgically-assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME). Patients & methods: Thirteen adults who had been treated by SARME for transverse maxillary deficiency from May 2000 to December 2003 were evaluated. The SARME procedure was the subtotal Le Fort I osteotomy combined with pterygomaxillary separation and anterior midpalatal osteotomy. Dental study casts and posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs were taken before operation, after removal of expansion device, and follow up period. Nasal cavity width, skeletal and dentoalveolar parameters were measured pre- and post-operatively. Results: 1. Mean nasal cavity width was increased 12%$(0{\sim}21%)$ of total expansion after retention. 2. Mean maxillary interdental width was increased 70%$(47{\sim}99%)$, 95%$(84{\sim}115%)$, and 77%$(57{\sim}94%)$ of total expansion in the canine, the first premolar, and the first molar region, respectively after retention. 3. Mean maxillary alveolar bone width was increased 66%$(42{\sim}84%)$, 74%$(42{\sim}94%)$, and 57%$(31{\sim}78%)$ of total expansion in the canine, the first premolar, and the first molar region, respectively after retention. 4. Mean palatal vault depth was decreased 1.3 mm ($0.5{\sim}2.0$ mm) after retention. 5. Mean interdental and alveolar bone width of the mandibular canine and intermolar width of mandible were slight increased as maxilla was expanded after retention. 6. There were statistical differences between preoperative and postoperative values of nasal cavity, all maxillary interdental and interalveolar widths, palatal vault depth, mandibular interdental and interalveolar width of canine(paired t-test, p<0.05). 7. The maxillary interdental and alveolar bone width were decreased approximately 25% of total expansion by relapse at follow up period. Conclusion: In conclusion, most amounts of maxillary interdental expansions were acquired with the expansion of the maxilla by SARME. For preventing the relapse, approximately 25% of the overexpansion was needed.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.159-167
• /
• 1997

To cope with the mass-production and supply of plug seedling, the supply of transplanters is necessary. In the study, a transplanting test was carried out to find the optimum working condition in the mechanizd transplantation and to acquire the basic data for the improvement of transplanters by the research and analysis of working capacity of the local manual transplanters. The size of hopper affected transplanting stand and rate. Re-irrigation was required for the transplanted seedlings because they wilt 1 day after the transplanting if soil compaction is incomplete. Consequently, back-forth-left-right compaction method was good for soil covering and compaction. It may be thought to increase the amount of irrigation water at the time of transplanting by double-irrigation mechanism, but it needs to increase the larger water tank which makes the operation uneasy. So, assuming the working model by 1 or 2 operators with the machine size as small as possible, it seemed that eliminating of automatic irrigation method was desirable in view of efficiency. Though semiautomatic transplanter needs some structural improvements, it seemed still suitable for transplanting of plug seedlings such as 45-day red pepper seedlings in 128-hole tray and 25-day Chinese cabbage seedling in 128-hole tray. If traveling speed of the transplanter is limited to less than 14 m/min, with the transplanting depth of 2~3cm and transplanting space of 30cm.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 1992

A Study was made to improve soil and water temperature and mechanized farming for a wetted paddy under the influence of artesian groundwater located at Samcheon-Dong, Chuncheon City, Kangweon Province. Half perforated PVC drainage pipes were installed in the test paddy to observe temperature change of water and soil. The temperature of the water in the paddy and soil itself raised significantly after the installation of the half perforated PVC pipes. A subsequent improvement of growth and yield of rice on the paddy was achieved. Harvesting operation was also improved with firm ground condition so that cutting and threshing could be done simultaneously within the paddy plot. Following results were obtained from the study. 1.Temperature of the water in a paddy under the influence of artesian groundwater was not changed notably although air temperature was fluctuated during the crop period. Soil temperature was mostly affected by the artesian groundwater. However, the half perforated PVC pipe drainage system made it possible to raise temperature of water and soil remarkably up to the level of optimum farming. 2.Total precipitation was 534.Omm during the crop period of the paddy for 118 days from May 26 to September 20 in 1992. Due to heavy rainfalls of 105.6mm and 109.8mm occurred on August 7 and August 27.1992, respectively, the rate of the artesian groundwater increased to 35 litter per minute with two to three days of time lag. 3.Average rate of the artesian groundwater was 28 litter per minute from the one year of observation. The rate varied by 0.7 to 1.3 times of average during the observation period. Peak rate of the artesian groundwater decreased to 14.5 litter per minute when daily precipitation maintained at the amount of 20 to 30mm for a long time period. Contrarily, it showed a tendency to increase to 35 to 40 litter per minute when heavier precipitation of 50 to l00mm occurred in a short period of three to five days. 4.Growth and yield of Yemyung variety of rice planted on the paddy that was facilitated with a drainage system with half perforated PVC pipes were confirmed at a normal level, while paddy without this perporated drainage system showed abnormal growth with low yield.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.438-447
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of specialized thematic science club activities on the students' scientific attitudes. The subjects of this study were ninety students from two high schools in Korea. The study group consisted of forty experimental groups and forty six science clubs with no special topics. The mean, standard deviation, t-value, and significance were compared with the corresponding sample t-test. First, specialized thematic science club activities showed positive effects on students' scientific attitude. Although the average scores of the scientific attitudes of the experiment group and the control group were improved before the operation of the club, the increase of the experimental group which operated the specialized topic was larger than that of the control group and there was a statistically significant difference. In the analysis of sub-elements of scientific attitude, the increase of the experimental group was larger than that of the control group. There were no statistically significant results in the control group, but the experimental group showed significant differences in openness, creativity, and cooperativeness among the subordinate factors of scientific attitude. Second, to investigate the effects of the specialized thematic science club activities on the scientific attitude in school, family, and social situations solving the problems of daily life as well as solving the science problems, there was no significant difference within the group, but there was a statistically significant difference between the experimental group with the specialized topic and the home and school situation. This result indicated that the scientific attitudes required to solve problems in the home and school have improved positively.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.290-297
• /
• 2017

The flexural behavior tests of UHPC segmental U-girder and composite U-girder which has 160MPa compressive strength and 15.4m length were carried out. The test variables are volume fraction of steel fibers and slab over the U-girder. Each U-girder has longitudinal re-bars in web and lower flange. PS tendons which has 2 of 15.2mm diameter in upper flange and PS tendons which has 7 of 15.2mm diameter in lower flange were arranged and prestressed at onetime in U-girder connection stage. Enough strong prestressing force which applied to U-girder due to ultra high performance concrete strength can withstand the self weight and dead load in U-girder stage. By comparison with the brittle behavior of U-girder, composite U-girder showed the stable and ductile behavior. After the construction of slab over U-girder, flexural load capacity of composite U-girder can bear the design load in final construction stage with only one time prestressing operation which already carried out in U-girder stage. This simple prestressing method due to the ultra high strength concrete have the advantage in construction step and cost. The shear key which has narrow space has the strong composite connection between ultra high strength concrete U-girder and high strength concrete slab didn't show any slip and opening right before failure load.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.11
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2020

The bogies of railway vehicles are one of the most critical components for service. Fatigue defects in the bogie can be initiated for various reasons, such as material imperfection, welding defects, and unpredictable and excessive overloads during operation. To prevent the derailment of a railway vehicle, it is necessary to evaluate and detect the defect of a connection weldment between the car body and bogie accurately. The safety of the bogie weldment was checked using an ultrasonic test, and it is necessary to determine the occurrence of defects using a learning method. Recently, studies on deep learning have been performed to identify defects with a high recognition rate with respect to a fine and similar defect. In this paper, the databases of weldment specimens with artificial defects were constructed to detect the defect of a bogie weldment. The ultrasonic inspection using the wedge angle was performed to understand the detection ability of fatigue cracks. In addition, the convolutional neural network was applied to minimize human error during the inspection. The results showed that the defects of connection weldment between the car body and bogie could be classified with more than 99.98% accuracy using CNN, and the effectiveness can be verified in the case of an inspection.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.153-159
• /
• 2007

Digital medical image commenced with an introduction of PACS has become more popular today in the radiation diagnosis and radiation treatment and made great progress, in particular, for medical testing field, whereas it has made slow progress for radiation treatment field. In order to accommodate the current trend of digital from analog, a spherical mechanical check device(SMCD) that is the form of spherical differing from the existing form of flat or cube has been designed and tested its practicability to replace the part in mechanical check with digital image from QA operation. If the distance maintains constance between source(target) and image detector with constant distance to the center of spherical mechanical check device(SMCD), the size will be shown as a constant image at all times regardless of its direction exposed. For the test, two accurate hemispheres are made and put together which results in a sphere of the equilateral circle. It enables a variety of implementation of the existing mechanical check using digital image as follows: congruity level of radiation field and light field, size accuracy of radiation field and collimation field, gantry rotation isocenter check, collimation rotation isocenter check, room laser accuracy check, collimation rotation angle check, couch rotation angle check, and more. In addition, it has proved its practicability in checking isocenter congruity level as real time at the time of simultaneous rotation between gantry and couch that is applied to the non-coplanar field, which had been hard to apply as a device formed of existing flat or cube.