• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.102-108
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• 1984

본 논문은 1979∼1983년에 걸쳐 한국내에 주둔하고 있는 미군지역에서 5월부터 10월간 유문등(New Jersey)에 의한 모기 성충 채집과 그리고 유충 채집을 실시한 것이다. 성충 채집수는 연평균치로 나타냈으며 유문등당 1일 채집수를 표시하여 미군영내에 출현하는 모기 종과 출현시기 및 그 밀도를 파악하여 모기 구제대책을 강구하는데에 기본자료로 이용하였다. 모기 구제를 위한 살충제의 살포 기준은 자충의 탐집수가 2단 계속 10마리를 초과하거나 매개근로 알려진 자충이 5마리 이상 채집될 때 그 주변에 살포작업을 실시하도록 건의하였다(미륙단규정 TM 5-632 p.7-3참고). 1. 모기 탐집을 실시한 지역은 5개도내의 12개지역으로 39개의 유문등이 설치되었으며 이들 지역에서 채집된 모기종은 3속 17종으로 분류되었으며, 그중 개체군의 밀도가 높아 구제대상으로 생각되는 종은 다음의 3속 4종으로 나타났다. 1) Anopheles sinensis (40.2%, 2) Culex tritaeniorhynchus (31%), 3) Aedes vegans nipponii(19%, 4) Culex pipiens pallens (10%). 2. 유준등 설치지역은 경기도내 5개지역, 강원도 2개지역, 충남 1개지역 경북 3개지역 경남1개 지역으로 이들 지역에서 채집된 중요 모기종은 공통적으로 같은 종류였으며 출현시기도 대체로 일치하였다. 특히 매년 사회적으로 문제가 되는 뇌염매개종인 Culex tritaeniorhynchus는 출현시기가 7∼9월간이었으며 그중 8월이 나정기로 나타났다. 3. 미군험둔지역에서 체사된 유충서식지는 16개 형태로 구분되었으며 그곳에서 채집된 유충은 4속 15종으로 분류되었다. 확인된 유충서식처는 일반적으로 우기에 존재하는 일시적인 장소가 많았다. 4. 경기도 지역에서 가장 많은 종과 높은 채집률을 보인 것은 유문등설치장소가 주로 논과 접해 있는 농촌지역내에 속해 있기 때문으로 생각된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.11-21
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• 1977

Many in nursing look back on Nursing Research history and proudly point to the fact that emphasis in nursing research has changed from studying the nurse to studying nursing practice. In recent years, much emphasis has been placed on seeking a method of evaluating the quality of nursing care. In spite of these attempts, however, an instrument for evaluating the quality of nursing care that is actually applicable in the clinical area has not been found. The Purposes of this study are as follows: 1) To develop the instrument to be used in evaluating the quality of nursing care provided in the Neuro - Surgery Constant Care Unit of Severance Hospital 2) To evaluate the quality of nursing care in the clinical area. 3) To provide the necessary information for improvement of quality of nursing care. The instrument for evaluating the quality of nursing care, developed by the investigator, was composed of 7 nursing goals and divided into 65 standards of nursing performance. The 7 nursing goal are as follows : 1) Maintenance of airway 2) Maintenance of fluid at electrolyte balance 3) Maintenance of elimination 4) Personal hygiene 5) Optimum activity 6) Prevention of accidents 7) Emotional care The study population defined was composed of all the case (51) who were admitted in the Neuro- Surgery Constant Care Unit of Severance Hospital from May 7-13, 1976. The observation method was used and the data was subjected to the %, X²-test, T-test, F-test and Correlation. The results of tile study were as follows : 1. Levels of nursing performance regarding nursing goals. Seven different nursing care indices were constructed in terms of nursing goals. The index scores were grouped arbitrarily into ,j categories such as "excellent", "good", "moderate", "incomplete", and "poor"based upon the investigator′s personal judgement. a. The nursing index of maintaining airway showed that 78% of the patients fell within the "excellent" and 22% of the patients, fell within the "good" category. b. The nursing index of maintaining fluid & electrolyte balance showed that 95% of the patients fell within the "excellent" and 5 % of the patients fell within the "good" category. c. The nursing index of maintaining elimination showed that 100% of the patients fell within the "excellent" category. d. The nursing index of personal hygiene revealed that 49% of the patients fell within the "excellent" and 51% of the patients fell within the "good" category. e. The nursing index of optimum activity showed that 63% of the patients fell within the "excellent" and 32% of the patients fell within tile "good" and 5% of patients fell within the "moderate" category. f. The nursing index of prevention of accidents showed that 100% of the patients foil within the "excellent" category. g. The nursing index of emotional cart revealed that 27% of the patients fell within the "excellent", 24 % of the patients fell within tile "good", 29 % of the patients fell within the "incomplete" category. From these findings it is disclosed that the quality of nursing care provided in the Neuro- Surgery Constant Care Unit of Severance Hospital was excellent. h. There were statistically significant differences between the nursing index of physical care and emotional care. (t=8.73, D. F. =100. p<0.01) It is revealed that more physical care then emotional care was carried out by nurses. 2. Levels of nursing performance regarding general characteristics of the patients. No significant differences were observed statistically with the nursing indices of nursing goals according to the sex (t=0.084, D. F. =12, p>0.05). Age (F=0.1251, D. F. : 3.18. p 〉0.05), absence or presence of operating experiences (t=0.6032, D. F. =12, p〉0.05, levels of consciousness (F=0.31, D. F. :3. 18, p >0.05) 3. Relationship between the levels of consciousness and the nursing index of each nursing goal. There was negative correlation between the levels of consciousness and the nursing index of maintaining airway (r=-0. 5449, p<0.01) and personal hygiene (r= -0.4075, p<0.01) There was positive correlation between the levels of consciousness and the nursing index of optimum activity (r=0.3936, p <0.01) and emotional care (r=0.7819, p〈0.01). There was slight correlation between the levels of consciousness and the nursing index of maintaining fluid & electrolyte balance (r=-0.3418, 0.010.05) and preventing accidents (r=0.1441, p>0.05.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제43회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.308-309
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• 2012

One of the critical issues in the growth of multijunction solar cell is the formation of a highly doped Esaki interband tunnel diode which interconnects unit cells of different energy band gap. Small electrical and optical losses are the requirements of such tunnel diodes [1]. To satisfy these requirements, tens of nanometer thick gallium arsenide (GaAs) can be a proper candidate due to its high carrier concentration in low energy band gap. To obtain highly doped GaAs in molecular beam epitaxy, the temperatures of Si Knudsen cell (K-cell) for n-type GaAs and Be K-cell for p-type GaAs were controlled during GaAs epitaxial growth, and the growth rate is set to 1.75 A/s. As a result, the doping concentration of p-type and n-type GaAs increased up to $4.7{\times}10^{19}cm^{-3}$ and $6.2{\times}10^{18}cm^{-3}$, respectively. However, the obtained n-type doping concentration is not sufficient to form a properly operating tunnel diode which requires a doping concentration close to $1.0{\times}10^{19}cm^{-3}$ [2]. To enhance the n-type doping concentration, n-doped GaAs samples were grown with a lower growth rate ranging from 0.318 to 1.123 A/s at a Si K-cell temperature of $1,180^{\circ}C$. As shown in Fig. 1, the n-type doping concentration was increased to $7.7{\times}10^{18}cm^{-3}$ when the growth rate was decreased to 0.318 A/s. The p-type doping concentration also increased to $4.1{\times}10^{19}cm^{-3}$ with the decrease of growth rate to 0.318 A/s. Additionally, bulk resistance was also decreased in both the grown samples. However, a transmission line measurement performed on the n-type GaAs sample grown at the rate of 0.318 A/s showed an increased specific contact resistance of $6.62{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^{-2}$. This high value of contact resistance is not suitable for forming contacts and interfaces. The increased resistance is attributed to the excessively incorporated dopant during low growth rate. Further studies need to be carried out to evaluate the effect of excess dopants on the operation of tunnel diode.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1022-1027
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• 2003

The Motion controllers provide the sophisticated performance and enhanced capabilities we can see in the movements of robotic systems. Several types of motion controllers are available, some based on the kind of overall control system in use. PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)-based motion controllers still predominate. The many peoples use MCU (Micro Controller Unit)-based board level motion controllers and will continue to in the near-term future. These motion controllers control a variety motor system like robotic systems. Generally, They consist of large and complex circuits. PLC-based motion controller consists of high performance PLC, development tool, and application specific software. It can be cause to generate several problems that are large size and space, much cabling, and additional high coasts. MCU-based motion controller consists of memories like ROM and RAM, I/O interface ports, and decoder in order to operate MCU. Additionally, it needs DPRAM to communicate with host PC, counter to get position information of motor by using encoder signal, additional circuits to control servo, and application specific software to generate a various velocity profiles. It can be causes to generate several problems that are overall system complexity, large size and space, much cabling, large power consumption and additional high costs. Also, it needs much times to calculate velocity profile because of generating by software method and don't generate various velocity profiles like arbitrary velocity profile. Therefore, It is hard to generate expected various velocity profiles. And further, to embed real-time OS (Operating System) is considered for more reliable motion control. In this paper, the structure of chip-based precision motion controller is proposed to solve above-mentioned problems of control systems. This proposed motion controller is designed with a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) by using the VHDL (Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language) and Handel-C that is program language for deign hardware. This motion controller consists of Velocity Profile Generator (VPG) part to generate expected various velocity profiles, PCI Interface part to communicate with host PC, Feedback Counter part to get position information by using encoder signal, Clock Generator to generate expected various clock signal, Controller part to control position of motor with generated velocity profile and position information, and Data Converter part to convert and transmit compatible data to D/A converter.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제53권8호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 30 Hz의 프레임률로 동작하는 적외선 영상 투사기 (IR scene projector, IRSP)에서 투사되는 적외선 영상의 유효온도 감소를 최소화하기 위해 sub-frame 제어 기법을 적용한 IRSP용 신호입력회로 (read-in integrated circuit, RIIC)를 제안한다. 제안하는 sub-frame 제어 기법은 단위 프레임을 8개의 sub-frame으로 나누어 동일한 영상 데이터를 8회 refresh함으로써 픽셀 내 커패시터에 sampling된 영상 데이터가 유지 기간 동안 MOSFET 스위치를 통한 누설 전류로 인해 손실되는 정도를 감소시킨다. Emitter에서 투사되는 적외선 영상의 높은 유효온도를 위해 전류 구동형 RIIC를 설계하였으며, 외부의 DAC로부터 아날로그 전압 형태의 영상 데이터를 전송 받는다. 시제품 $64{\times}32$ RIIC array 칩은 매그나칩/SK하이닉스 $0.35{\mu}m$ 2-poly 4-metal CMOS 공정으로 제작되었으며, 출력 가능한 최대 데이터 전류는 $230.3{\mu}A$이다. 이를 $15k{\Omega}$의 저항 값을 갖는 시제품 emitter 소자에 인가할 시 mid-wavelength IR (MWIR) 대역을 기준으로 최대 $366.2^{\circ}C$의 유효온도를 갖는 적외선 영상의 투사가 가능하다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2013

Purpose - Foodservices have grown to over 60% of the franchise industry. However, despite reaching this high level, the foodservice franchise industry is experiencing severe ups and downs. While factors such as expansion by franchises and the entry of large multinational firms are causing this imbalance, the more serious problem faced by franchisees is the lack of know-how and correct operating procedures. Franchise headquarters should advise franchisees on important matters such as food ingredients, interior design, tableware, and fixtures. However, even though franchise headquarters have the ability to impart such management know-how, this is often a neglected area. Research design, data and methodology - This study was conducted in an industrial environment to present suitable competitive alternatives for foodservice franchises. Empirical analysis was conducted using a sample of 232 people with experience in targeting customers. The main purpose of this study is not to identify and analyze the factors affecting customer satisfaction. Customers of the Food Service Industry to invite contacts until departure for the service flow by identifying the expectations and allow this area by analyzing the resulting measures to enhance the competitiveness has presented. Results - Actual results contact factors affecting the quality of service on customer satisfaction was a significant influence. However, the end of this analysis, the actual customer satisfaction directly affects the quality of service that is only important factor can commit mistakes. Relatively large impact on customer satisfaction, which is relatively independent of the quality factor should be a review of zone of tolerance. In this study, eating phase relative to contact the service customer satisfaction was the most influential. The results, however, zone of tolerance for an area in the waiting and ordering dissatisfaction factors are appearing. And in the course of these services outside the zone of tolerance area is unsatisfactory evaluation is being done. Conclusions - After all, Foodservice, the contact service management for zone of tolerance the top priority should be can be seen. Foodservice contact first in the case of service quality factors caused by the continuous flow of services, so this step-by-step identification needs to be clearer. This, of course, to distinguish between the actual per unit of activity appears to be more difficult to follow, for it seems to need a lot of future complementary. Next is the assessment of customer service quality. Customers remember the experience for the services of a real contact through the assessment and service evaluation clearly emerge as the expected level can be difficult. However, this situation is controlled by the test method cannot be avoided unless there is no limit to the number of leave. Despite these limitations, the next step to contact a service evaluation and analysis have to continue to refine and thereby franchisees for the operation of the store in terms of practical know-how required to provide to the office believe.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2017

본 연구는 교육부, 학교현장, 건축가, 기업 등 관련 기관의 정책수립, 운영계획수립, 시설건립 등 다양한 사업추진과 밀접한 관계가 있는 '안전체험교실 시설모형을 개발'하기 위하여 안전체험교실에 적용하기 위한 필수 교육프로그램을 도출하고 단위공간 조성과 이에 대한 구성요소 및 활용방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 5단계로 내용을 구성하였다. 첫째, 안전교육 수행 및 시설계획 기본방향과 관련한 문헌을 분석하였으며, 둘째, 공간규모, 시설구성 등 공간조성 실태와 운영실태분석을 바탕으로 안전교육 체험교실 실태를 조사하였다. 이를 기반으로 기존 안전체험교실의 장 단점을 분석하고 델파이 조사 및 전문가 참여디자인을 통하여 5가지의 시설모형(안)을 개발하였다. 최종적으로 개발된 안전체험교실 시설모형(안)은 1) 교통안전(보행안전, 차량안전, 지하철안전) 2) 응급처치(응급구조, 신고요령) 3) 재난안전(화재 대피안전, 지진 생활안전) 4) 승강기안전(승강기안전, 에스컬레이터안전) 5) 약물 및 폭력안전(흡연 음주안전, 성폭력안전, 식품안전)에 대한 체험존과 각 영역의 세부 안전체험공간이다. 이러한 과정을 통해 개발된 안전체험교실 시설모형(안)은 학교현장의 수용 가능한 공간적 규모에 따라 각 모형을 조합 또는 분리하여 안전체험교실을 조성할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.75-91
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 유시티의 진화지도를 통하여 유시티 진화 특성을 분석하는데 있다. 유시티 진화 특성은 서비스, 기술, 인프라, 관리 등으로 구성된 STIM 모형의 관점에 따라 부문별 진화지도를 구축하여 분석하였다. 분석자료는 2002년부터 2013년까지 한국정보사회진흥원에서 발간한 국가정보화백서를 활용하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유시티 서비스는 행정 정보화 서비스, 기업 정보화 서비스, 행정 생활 정보화 서비스, 행정 공간 민간 정보화 서비스로 진화되었다. 둘째, 유시티 기술은 유선 네트워크, 센서 네트워크, 프로세싱 초고속 네트워크, 네트워크 및 보안, 융합기술 등으로 진화하였다. 셋째, 유시티 인프라는 유선 네트워크, 유 무선네트워크, 지능화시설(1990년대 후반), 지능형 시설 공간(2000년대 초반)으로 진화되었다. 넷째, 유시티 관리는 단위 네트워크 인프라 관리, 정보연계 및 운영 관리, 정보통합 및 참여운영 관리 등으로 진화 되었다. 따라서 유시티는 행정 중심의 정부 정보화, 기술 중심의 컴퓨터 지향 사회, 서비스 중심의 정보화 도시, 공간 중심의 유시티로 진화되었음을 알 수 있다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제79권4호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2016

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic value of Charlson's weighted index of comorbidities (WIC) in patients with prolonged acute mechanical ventilation (PAMV, ventilator care ${\geq}96$ hours). Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 299 Korean PAMV patients who were admitted in a medical intensive care unit (ICU) of a university-affiliated tertiary care hospital between 2008 and 2013. Survivors were defined as patients who survived for 60 days after ICU admission. Results: The patients' mean age was $65.1{\pm}14.1$ years and 70.6% were male. The mean ICU and hospital length of stay was $21.9{\pm}19.7$ and $39.4{\pm}39.1$ days, respectively. In addition, the 60-day mortality rate after ICU admission was 35.5%. The mean WIC was $2.3{\pm}1.8$, with significant differences between nonsurvivors and survivors ($2.7{\pm}2.1$ vs. $2.1{\pm}1.7$, p<0.05). The area under the curve of receiver-operating-characteristics curve for WIC was 0.593 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.523-0.661; p<0.05). Based on Kaplan-Meier curves of 60-day survival, WIC ${\geq}5$ had statistically lower survival than WIC <5 (logrank test, p<0.05). In a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, WIC ${\geq}5$ was associated with poor prognosis (hazard ratio, 1.901; 95% CI, 1.140-3.171; p<0.05). The mortality rate of patients with WIC ${\geq}5$ was 54.2%. Conclusion: Our study showed a WIC score ${\geq}5$ might be helpful in predicting 60-day mortality in PAMV patients.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.111-141
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• 1998

Why are auctions so prevalent in fisheries fields\ulcorner One answer is, perhaps, that fisheries products have no standard value. The price of any catch of fish (at least of fish destined for the fresh fish market) depends on the demand and supply conditions at a specific moment of time, influenced by prospective market developments and prices must be remade for each transaction. There are various auction schemes including written-bid method in Korea. It is difficult to make decision the application of auction selling in market distribution. One reason is the absence of adequate data on which to base firm statements. There is very little precise information about the relative volume handled by auction scheme as compared with other sales schemes Because of the paucity reliable data, one must depend largely on qualitative in attempting to above this problem. This paper is designed to examine which auction scheme is more efficient as a economic tool by introducing the three auctions, as samples, utilized in Koheung peninsula. Koheung coast with abundant fisheries resource, locates on the Middle-South part in Korea and has three auction firm operating by fisheries cooperatives. fur selling of dry fish included sea weed, live fish and fresh fish respectively, As a result, 1 found that there are three interesting auction schemes as follow : 1. More than one winners are selected as buyers. The highest bidder can at first get fishes he wants to buy, second winner can get surplus fishes after the highest bidder employes one's privilege with the highest pay, and next winner would be a buyer if fishes would be left in sequence after being sold with higher price. Every fisherman can sell one' s fishes with equal unit price if he delivery it to the winner within one day. Therefore, all the vendors feel they are equal members of fisheries cooperation. 2. Written-bid pricing on the cover of handy book. It is easy to write and to erase the figure more than on the small black board, and is convenient also to keep in the pocket. 3. Auctioning on the fixed platform with fixed fish tank is a very fast auction scheme in spite of short displaying time. Auctioneer presides bidding at one place on the fixed platform, instead of moving, vendors should carry a container of live fishes in the fish tank into showing table in front of would-be buyers and auctioneer. Although the applicability of the auction system to a marketing problem depends in part on subjective considerations by those making decision, basically it is a matter of comparative economic efficiency. In general, if the scheme maximizes returns in relation to the effort expanded by both buyers and sellers, it will be utilized. If it does not, a more efficiency may take place over a period of time, but, even more important, those making decisions may become aware of the potentialities of new schemes. Therefore, in order to applicate the three interesting auction schemes introduced in this paper to other fisheries market, it is necessary not only to analyze many other auction schemes but also to compare the economic efficiency those schemes utilizing in other fisheries market.