• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.180-189
• /
• 2016

The widespread occurrence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis places importance on the detection of TB (tuberculosis) drug susceptibility. Conventional drug susceptibility testing (DST) is a lengthy process. We developed a rapid enzymatic color-reaction-based biochip assay. The process included asymmetric multiplex PCR/templex PCR, biochip hybridization, and an enzymatic color reaction, with specific software for data operating. Templex PCR (tem-PCR) was applied to avoid interference between different primers in conventional multiplex-PCR. We applied this assay to 276 clinical specimens (including 27 sputum, 4 alveolar lavage fluid, 2 pleural effusion, and 243 culture isolate specimens; 40 of the 276 were non-tuberculosis mycobacteria specimens and 236 were M. tuberculosis specimens). The testing process took 4.5 h. A sensitivity of 50 copies per PCR was achieved, while the sensitivity was 500 copies per PCR when tem-PCR was used. Allele sequences could be detected in mixed samples at a proportion of 10%. Detection results showed a concordance rate of 97.46% (230/236) in rifampicin resistance detection (sensitivity 95.40%, specificity 98.66%) and 96.19% (227/236) in isoniazid (sensitivity 93.59%, specificity 97.47%) detection with those of DST assay. Concordance rates of testing results for sputum, alveolar lavage fluid, and pleural effusion specimens were 100%. The assay provides a potential choice for TB diagnosis and treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.11
• /
• pp.5427-5432
• /
• 2012

Background and Purpose: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynecologic cancers because of the lack of effective early detection methods. Accuracies of the human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and mesothelin in detecting ovarian cancer have never been systematically assessed. The current systematic review aimed to tackle this issue. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched (September 1995-November 2011) for studies on the diagnostic performances of HE4 and mesothelin in differentiating ovarian cancer from other benign gynecologic diseases. QUADAS items were used to evaluate the qualities of the studies. Meta-DiSc software was used to handle data from the included studies and to examine heterogeneity. All included studies for diagnostic performance were combined with sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves, and areas under the SROC curves (AUC). Results: A total of 18 studies and 3,865 patients were eligible for the final analysis. The pooled sensitivity estimates for HE4 (74.4%) were significantly higher than those for mesothelin (49.3%). The pooled specificity estimates for mesothelin (94.5%) were higher than those for HE4 (85.8%). The pooled DOR estimates for HE4 (26.22) were higher than those for mesothelin (24.01). The SROC curve for HE4 showed better diagnostic accuracy than that for mesothelin. The PLR and NLR of HE4 were 6.33 (95% CI: 3.58 to 11.18) and 0.27 (95% CI: 0.21 to 0.34), respectively. The PLR and NLR for mesothelin were 11.0 (95% CI: 6.21 to 19.59) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.42 to 0.62), respectively. The combination of the two tumor markers or their combination with CA-125 increased sensitivity and specificity to different extents. Conclusion: The diagnostic accuracy of HE4 in differentiating ovarian cancer from other benign gynecologic diseases is better than that of soluble mesothelin-related protein. Combinations of two or more tumor markers show more sensitivity and specificity.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.31-40
• /
• 2016

In vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), vehicles sense information on emergency incidents (e.g., accidents, unexpected road conditions, etc.) and propagate this information to following vehicles and a server to share the information. However, this process of emergency message propagation is based on multiple broadcast messages and can lead to broadcast storms. To address this issue, in this work, we use a novel approach to detect the vehicles that are farthest away but within communication range of the transmitting vehicle. Specifically, we discuss a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)-based linear back-off (SLB) scheme where vehicles implicitly detect their relative locations to the transmitter with respect to the SNR of the received packets. Once the relative locations are detected, nodes that are farther away will set a relatively shorter back-off to prioritize its forwarding process so that other vehicles can suppress their transmissions based on packet overhearing. We evaluate SLB using a realistic simulation environment which consists of a NS-3 VANET simulation environment, a software-based WiFi-IP gateway, and an ITS server operating on a separate machine. Comparisons with other broadcasting-based schemes indicate that SLB successfully propagates emergency messages with latencies and hop counts that is close to the experimental optimal while reducing the number of transmissions by as much as 1/20.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.125-131
• /
• 2020

As technology advances, the importance of software education is increasing. Accordingly, interest in information subjects is increasing, but intending elementary learners to show algorithms only for specialized IT skills that could spoil the interest. In this paper for the elementary school students, through the four stages, 2015 revision curriculum analysis, creating of training program development operating plans, applying programs for the targeting students and analysis of results and evaluation, using Rich Picture technique which is various tools such as pictures and speech bubble symbols for the learners can express the intelligent CCTV algorithm freely and easily so they can understand fully about the algorithm of intelligent CCTV that uses artificial intelligence to extract faces from subjects. Suggest on this paper, the proposal of educational program can help the learner to grasp the principle of the algorithm by using the flowchart. As the result, Through the modification and development of the proposed program, we will conduct research on IT creative education that can be applied in various areas.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.72-81
• /
• 2014

As big data are one of main issues in the recent days, the interests on their technologies are also increasing. Among several technological bases, this study focuses on data visualization and R based on open source. In general, the term of data visualization can be summarized as the web technologies for constructing, manipulating and displaying various types of graphic objects in the interactive mode. R is an operating environment or a language for statistical data analysis from basic to advanced level. In this study, a web application with these technological aspects and components is newly implemented and exemplified with data visualization for geo-based open data provided by public organizations or government agencies. This application model does not need users' data building or proprietary software installation. Futhermore it is designed for users in the geo-spatial application field with less experiences and little knowledges about R. The results of data visualization by this application can support decision making process of web users accessible to this service. It is expected that the more practical and various applications with R-based geo-statistical analysis functions and complex operations linked to big data contribute to expanding the scope and the range of the geo-spatial application.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.32 no.12
• /
• pp.1891-1902
• /
• 2008

With concerns for consumers' return behaviors affecting internet shopping malls' profits and product management in the internet clothing market, this study is designed to investigate determinants affecting return and path models for return behaviors. For an empirical study, questionnaires are prepared and respondents in their 20s and 30s with internet clothing purchase experience are selected using the convenience sampling. A total of 517 questionnaires are used for the final analysis. Data are analyzed by using SPSS 12.0 software and descriptive statistics, $x^2$-test, discriminant analysis, regression analysis, and path analysis is conducted. The results are as follows. First, ones who have returned after purchasing clothing items in internet shopping reached 63.4% of the total consumers. Respondents returned items with price at 50 thousand won or less stood at 67.2%, and the most frequent return shopping malls are open markets with their return rate at 51.1%. Second, variables such as risk perception, information search, impulse buying, buying experience, and age have a positive effect on return experience. Impulse buying and buying experience turn out to have a significant effect on the degree of return, but risk perception, information search, age, and gender to have an insignificant effect. Return intention is significantly affected by risk perception, gender, and age. Third, the analysis of path model for return experience shows that perceived risk has a positively effect, and information search has a direct effect as well as an indirect effect through buying experience or impulse buying. The analysis of path model for the degree of return shows that risk perception does not have effect, but information search has indirect effect through buying experience or impulse buying. This study is thought to find consumers' return behavior characteristics in online shopping, and help businesses operating online shopping malls to efficiently manage returns and set up strategies against returns.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.97-109
• /
• 2014

This study developed a functional dress shirt for adult males that reflected the body surface variation of a human body section by motion. This study conducted a 3D body scan for 8 subjects in their 40's based on the Size Korea 2010 database. Data recorded the proper posture change value and body surface change value to develop functional dress shirts for adult males. We scanned the subjects with a 3D body scanner for five primarily male wearing dress shirts and operating postures, right standing, arms raised to $90^{\circ}$ horizontal forward position, arms raised $90^{\circ}$ to the horizontal position side, lift up the arm $180^{\circ}$, and arm forward $90^{\circ}$ in a bent posture. We analyzed the 3D scan data from those motions to examine change of length using 3D software Rapidform XOS. The results indicated that the body surface sections with contraction were the front and rear shoulder area, armpit and central length as well the width of arms at more than 10%. The increased body section included the body and armpit back length; in addition, the rear arm vibration girth and under arm girth were more than 10%. In order to reflect the size variation of for each motion, the ease amount of the front and rear shoulder length and width needs to be reduced 20% because it affects the shoulder length during the right standing. The results suggest that the ease amount of the shoulder length should be minimal. The ease amount of the back size needs to be 0.5-2cm bigger and set 0.5-1.5cm longer than the dress shirt length side drooping to compensate for the side length shortage of each motion. The sleeve length needs to be 0-0.5cm shorter, and ease amount of the girth of sleeve bottom needs to be reduced 0-0.7cm due to the size variation of arms. However, the girth of the rear arms is suggested to be 0-0.6cm longer in the ease amount to the rear arm girth as the extension is more than 10% over the width and length of each motion.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2005

The quantity of light available for a space can be translated in term of the amount of energy savings through a process of a building energy simulation. To get significant energy savings in general illumination, the electric lighting system must be incorporated with a daylight - activated dimmer control. A prototype configuration of an once interior has been established and the integration between the building envelope and lighting and HVAC systems is evaluated based on computer modeling of a lighting control facility. First of all, an energy-efficient luminaire system is designed and the lighting analysis program, Lumen-Micro 2000 predicts the optimal layout of a conventional fluorescent lighting future to meet the designed lighting level and calculates unit power density, which translates the demanded met of electric lighting energy. A dimming control system integrated with the contribution of daylighting has been applied to the operating of the artificial lighting. Annual cooling load due to lighting and the projecting saving amount of cooling load due to daylighting under overcast diffuse sky m evaluated by computer software ENER-Win. In brief, the results from building energy simulation with measured daylight illumination levels and the performance of lighting control system indicate that daylighting can save over 70 percent of the required energy for general illumination in the perimeter zones through the year A 25[%] of electric energy for cooling and almost all off heating energy may be saved by dimming and turning off the luminaires in the perimeter zones.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
• /
• v.4 no.5
• /
• pp.219-224
• /
• 2015

In this paper, the designed fish robots DOMI ver1.0 is researched and development for aquarium underwater robot. The presented fish robot consists of the head, 1'st stage body, 2nd stage body and tail, which is connected two point driving joints. The model of the robot fish is analysis to maximize the momentum of the robot fish and the body of the robot is designed through the analysis of the biological fish swimming. Also, Lighthill was applied to the kinematics analysis of robot fish swimming algorithms, we are applied to the approximate method of the streamer model that utilizes techniques mimic the biological fish. The swimming robot has two operating mode such as manual and autonomous operation modes. In manual mode the fish robot is operated to using the RF transceiver, and in autonomous mode the robot is controlled by microprocessor board that is consist PSD sensor for the object recognition and avoidance. In order to the submerged and emerged, the robot has the bladder device in a head portion. The robot gravity center weight is transferred to a one-axis sliding and it is possible to the submerged and emerged of DOMI robot by the breath unit. It was verified by the performance test of this design robot DOMI ver1.0. It was confirmed that excellent performance, such as driving force, durability and water resistance through the underwater field test.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.13 no.9
• /
• pp.4234-4243
• /
• 2012

USN(Ubiquitous Sensor Network) application S/W has a complex characteristic that it controls various kind of sensor nodes organically based on the core modules of various target operating systems. Currently, various researches for efficient S/W development are being performed in USN application field. In order to increase S/W productivity, the method such as product line development approach to specify core common functions of applications according to the domain and develop applications with the core common functions and variant functions selected according to the workflow of applications is efficient. To apply this approach to the USN domain, characteristics of USN application S/W and product line development should be specified with one consistent view. However, it is difficult to efficiently specify the characteristics using general UML notations. In order to solve the problem, this paper proposes a method to effectively specify the characteristics of USN applications and product line development using UML profile which is the extension mechanism of UML. The proposed UML profile for produce line based USN application development enables developers to effectively develop product line based USN applications using existing UML and UML support tools without new design methods or tools which are specified for USN or product line development.