• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.9-17
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• 2012

In 1960's, Korea had concentrated on economic development, in the meantime the existing problem which is an avoiding rural settlement phenomenon such as a farming population decrease, an unstabel income, poor surroundings, etc. could intensify. And because of an exodus from agricultural area caused by industrialization and a fall of agricultural farm price as a result of domestic agricultural market opening in accordance with FTA, in 2004 Korean government excuted the integrated rural-village development plan as a measure to provide more support for agricultural villages. The integrated rural-village development plan means that inter-connected with villages which have potnetial and developed it as a unit of small-zone, also we can assume it a Down-up development type because residents participate and lead this plan directly. But, this plan made progress rapidly as a countmeasure of government so, it needs to evaluate for completed project area and make an improvement for a sustainable undertaking. Therefore, this study categorized project contents systematically into two parts of Hardware and Software, after that composed of 4 large-parts, 13 mid-parts and 43 small-parts from Inje-Yongdai zone which was designated for an integrated rural-village development plan in 2004. And a result of analysis for project contents priorities by hierarchy analysis method showed the Regional capability reinforcement is selected for the most important project content by 3 stakeholders who are specialists (514pts.), Korea Rural Community Corporation staffs (694pts.), local government officers (688pts.)

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.189-196
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• 2013

Dielectrophoresis(DEP) is useful in manipulation and separation of micro-sized particles including biological samples such as bacteria, blood cells, and cancer cells in a micro-fluidic device. Especially, those separation and manipulation techniques using DEP in combination of micro fabrication technique have been researched more and more. Recently, it is revealed that a window structure of insulating layer in microfluidic DEP chip is key role in trap of micro-particles around the window structure. However, the trap phenomenon-driven by DEP force gradient did not fully understand and is still illusive. In this study, we characterize the trap mechanism and efficiency with different shapes of window in a microfluidic DEP chip. To do this characterization, we fabricated 4 different windows shapes such as rhombus, circle, squares, and hexagon inside a micro-fluidic chip, and performed micro-sized particles manipulation experiments as varying the frequency and voltage of AC signal. Moreover, the numerical simulation with the same parameters that were used in the experiment was also performed in order to compare the simulation results and the experimental results. Those comparison shows that both results are closely matched. This study may be helpful in design and development of microfluidic DEP chip for trapping micro-scaled biological particle.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.353-361
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• 2005

The interaction of cyclosporine A (CsA), an immunosuppressant, with rat brain Kv1.5 (Kv1.5) channels, which were stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, was investigated using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. CsA reversibly blocked Kv1.5 currents at +50 mV in a reversible concentrationdependent manner with an apparent $IC_{50}$ of 1.0μM. Other calcineurin inhibitors (cypermethrin, autoinhibitory peptide) had no effect on Kv1.5 and did not prevent the inhibitory effect of CsA. Fast application of CsA led to a rapid and reversible block of Kv1.5, and the onset time constants of the CsA-induced block were decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. The CsA-induced block of Kv1.5 channels was voltage-dependent, with a steep increase over the voltage range of channel opening. However, the block exhibited voltage independence over the voltage range in which channels were fully activated. The rate constants for association and dissociation of CsA were $7.0{\mu}M{-1}s^{-1}$ and $8.1s^{-1}$, respectively. CsA slowed the deactivation time course, resulting in a tail crossover phenomenon. Block of Kv1.5 by CsA was use-dependent. CsA also blocked Kv1.3 currents at +50 mV in a reversible concentration-dependent manner with an apparent $IC_{50}$ of $1.1{\mu}M$. The same effects of CsA on Kv1.3 were also observed in excised inside-out patches when applied to the internal surface of the membrane. The present results suggest that CsA acts directly on Kv1.5 currents as an open-channel blocker, independently of the effects of CsA on calcineurin activity.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.193-200
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• 2016

Sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), has been reported to lead to cardiac toxicity even at therapeutic doses including sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmia. And in a SSRI-independent manner, sertraline has been known to inhibit various voltage-dependent channels, which play an important role in regulation of cardiovascular system. In the present study, we investigated the action of sertraline on Kv1.5, which is one of cardiac ion channels. The effect of sertraline on the cloned neuronal rat Kv1.5 channels stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells was investigated using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Sertraline reduced Kv1.5 whole-cell currents in a reversible concentration-dependent manner, with an $IC_{50}$ value and a Hill coefficient of $0.71{\mu}M$ and 1.29, respectively. Sertraline accelerated the decay rate of inactivation of Kv1.5 currents without modifying the kinetics of current activation. The inhibition increased steeply between -20 and 0 mV, which corresponded with the voltage range for channel opening. In the voltage range positive to +10 mV, inhibition displayed a weak voltage dependence, consistent with an electrical distance ${\delta}$ of 0.16. Sertraline slowed the deactivation time course, resulting in a tail crossover phenomenon when the tail currents, recorded in the presence and absence of sertraline, were superimposed. Inhibition of Kv1.5 by sertraline was use-dependent. The present results suggest that sertraline acts on Kv1.5 currents as an open-channel blocker.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.612-627
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• 2016

This study is research on the snack culture and fast fashion. The purpose of this study is to examine the common attributes of snack culture and fast fashion as a cultural phenomenon. The following results were obtained: First, snack culture and fast fashion have attributes of 3S represented by Speed, Short time, and Simplification. Second, snack culture and fast fashion meet consumer demands by fun and various contents and a variety of designs, respectively. Third, although snack culture has developed on the basis of information technology, fast fashion has grown based on the technological innovation of business, organization, and distribution system. Fourth, snack culture communicates with the world through opening and sharing to be globalize a context, and fast fashion is globalized to multinational corporations by increasing sales and development of scale. Fifth, snack culture has a synergistic effect by maximizing the multiple interactions through social campaigns based on the attribute to communicate with many-to-many relationship. In addition, fast fashion produces a synergistic effect through collaborative strategic alliances.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.611-616
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• 1998

Although the $Ca^{2+}-activated\;K^+\;(I_{K,Ca})$ channel is known to play an important role in the maintenance of resting membrane potential, the regulation of the channel in physiological condition is not completely understood in vascular myocytes. In this study, we investigated the role of cytoplasmic $Mg^{2+}$ on the regulation of $I_{K,Ca}$ channel in pulmonary arterial myocytes of the rabbit using the inside-out patch clamp technique. $Mg^{2+}$ increased open probability (Po), but decreased the magnitude of single channel current. $Mg^{2+}-induced$ block of unitary current showed strong voltage dependence but increase of Po by $Mg^{2+}$ was not dependent on the membrane potential. The apparent effect of $Mg^{2+}$ might, thus, depend on the proportion between opposite effects on the Po and on the conductance of $I_{K,Ca}$ channel. In low concentration of cytoplasmic $Ca^{2+},\;Mg^{2+}$ increased $I_{K,Ca}$ by mainly enhancement of Po. However, at very high concentration of cytoplasmic $Ca^{2+},$ such as pCa 5.5, $Mg^{2+}$ decreased $I_{K,Ca}$ through the inhibition of unitary current. Moreover, $Mg^{2+}$ could activate the channel even in the absence of $Ca^{2+}.\;Mg^{2+}$ might, therefore, partly contribute to the opening of $I_{K,Ca}$ channel in resting membrane potential. This phenomenon might explain why $I_{K,Ca}$ contributes to the resting membrane potential where membrane potential and concentration of free $Ca^{2+}$ are very low.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Quality Management Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.262-268
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• 2010

Organic light emitting diode is developed fast from 1963 after discovering electric light emitting phenomenon. First PMOLED(passive matrix OLED) product is manufactured and AMOLED(active matrix OLED) using TFT(thin film ransistor) is now in the center. PMOLED is mainly mounted at sub display. but AMOLED is mounted at main display. Also AMOLED expand the market to PMP(portable multimedia players), navigation and TV. Even thought OLED's market is opening to many applications, OLED is worried about lifetime until now. That's appeared in market in a very short time and is not known well about result of OLED's lifetime and reliability test. And there is no standard ssessment method and not enough study to standardization the method. A study's purpose is reduce the time for life test by accelerated current and it can do production possible design by accelerated life model in design phase. It's must be add to process variables and design variables(like ratio of light emitting, organic material structure, condition of aging, etc) to make the best use of supplied accelerated lifetime model in this paper. In terms of lifetime it needs each criterion of applications because of image sticking. In conclusion, it's possible to discover new defect because there is not much time to be opened in market and develop a method of manufacturing process & materials, so we need to study on the subject of this paper continuously.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.449-456
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• 2020

When you move to a new home, or when you change the wallpaper or flooring of your home, office, etc., you can enjoy the joy of opening your new home with the sick house syndrome, such as the stinging smell and stinging eyes that may appear after the interior work. It is only a moment. Volatile organic compounds from building materials, adhesives, wallpaper, and paints used in new buildings or new furniture cause residents' health and discomfort in indoor life. These volatile organic compounds include benzene, toluene, acetone, and styrene, as well as the representative formaldehyde, and these substances are slowly released over a long period of time, causing acute or chronic diseases to residents. As a method for removing organic volatile substances, physical methods using adsorption, chemical methods for converting volatile substances to other substances, or a mixture of the two are mainly used. In this paper, a sustained release chlorine dioxide gel pack obtained by a method for controlling the reaction rate of a reactant and the release of a product is mixed with a zeolite adsorbent having an optimized hole diameter to adsorb and decompose and remove formaldehyde suspended in the air. I would suggest an effective method.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2016

Paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), has been reported to have an effect on several ion channels including human ether-a-go-go-related gene in a SSRI-independent manner. These results suggest that paroxetine may cause side effects on cardiac system. In this study, we investigated the effect of paroxetine on Kv1.5, which is one of cardiac ion channels. The action of paroxetine on the cloned neuronal rat Kv1.5 channels stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells was investigated using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Paroxetine reduced Kv1.5 whole-cell currents in a reversible concentration-dependent manner, with an $IC_{50}$ value and a Hill coefficient of $4.11{\mu}M$ and 0.98, respectively. Paroxetine accelerated the decay rate of inactivation of Kv1.5 currents without modifying the kinetics of current activation. The inhibition increased steeply between -30 and 0 mV, which corresponded with the voltage range for channel opening. In the voltage range positive to 0 mV, inhibition displayed a weak voltage dependence, consistent with an electrical distance ${\delta}$ of 0.32. The binding ($k_{+1}$) and unbinding ($k_{-1}$) rate constants for paroxetine-induced block of Kv1.5 were $4.9{\mu}M^{-1}s^{-1}$ and $16.1s^{-1}$, respectively. The theoretical $K_D$ value derived by $k_{-1}/k_{+1}$ yielded $3.3{\mu}M$. Paroxetine slowed the deactivation time course, resulting in a tail crossover phenomenon when the tail currents, recorded in the presence and absence of paroxetine, were superimposed. Inhibition of Kv1.5 by paroxetine was use-dependent. The present results suggest that paroxetine acts on Kv1.5 currents as an open-channel blocker.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-23
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• 1984

In fisheries financing before the liberation of Korea, the accommodation of funds through modern monetary facilities was hardly benefited to most of small-scale Korean fishermen except Japanese fishermen living in Korea and some large-scale Korean fishermen. In fact, since Korean economy was only in the beginning stage of capitalism free from natural economy in the end of Yi Dynasty, it was natural that the supply of funds should be lacked. But after the opening of ports in Korea, the external shapes in Korean society were slowly changed according as heteronomous modernization was pushed forward by means of western capitalism and the intentional invasion of Japanese was gradually weighed. Thus all kinds of fishing equipments and technique were developed by dint of modernization, and modern monetary facilities also came into being. But most of Korean fishermen were hardly benefited by modern monetary facilities. Fishermen who were faced with destitution of funds were forced to rely upon high interest loans in order to make a living or maintain fisheries, and they were severely exploited by usurers. The situation was the same in the period of Japanese imperialism. Japanese felt the necessity of advancement of Korean fisheries and established fisheries institution suitable for all kinds of colonial fisheries policy toward Korea so that they could build up the foundation according to the development of capitalism and carry out the Russo-Japanese War and the Sino-Japanese War. There were a series of bottlenecks in financing on account of the deficiency of fisheries institution in the beginning of Japanese imperialism, but the financial pressure was lightened because the arrangement of institution greatly contributed to the smoothness of fisheries financing in the latter part of it. Despite such improvement of financing, the benefit of funds could not equally reach to all the fishermen. It only reached to Japanese fishermen living in Korea and some large scale Korean fishermen. Thus most of korean fishermen could not free themselves from destitution of financing and the pressure of high interest loans. This phenomenon took place because Korean fisheries had the antinomic characteristics that financial restriction was excessive owing to the industrial speciality of fisheries, on the other hand there was a large financial demand in fisheries in the character of industry.