• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.176-181
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• 2009

Synovial chondromatosis is a rare, benign, monoarticular arthropathy that is characterized by the development of highly cellular, metaplastic cartilaginous nodules in the synovial membrane. It commonly affects larger joints such as the knee, elbow, wrist, shoulder, and hip. Synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint(TMJ) is rare. Moreover, the temporal involvement of synovial chondromatosis without connection with joint is greatly rare. A 44-year-old women had experienced pain of the right TMJ area and limitation of mouth opening. MRI and CT revealed multiple calcified loose bodies and widening in right upper joint space of TMJ and osteolytic lesion in right temporal bone. Treatment consisted of removal of multiple loose bodies, resection of the osteolytic lesion through the preauricular approach. She was diagnosed with primary transitional synovial chondromatosis of TMJ with involvement of temporal bone. In spite of remaining of the loose bodies, pain and mouth opening improved and there have been no recurrence of signs and symptoms for 5 years follow up.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.562-570
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• 2011

In this research, an experimental study is performed to investigate the effects of system operating variables on the cooling and heating characteristics of heat pump system using geothermal heat source and carbon dioxide as a refrigerant. System variables analyzed include compressor frequency, electronic expansion valve opening, refrigerant charge, secondary fluid temperature and flow rate. Results show that optimum refrigerant charge and electronic expansion valve opening position exist at the maximum point of COP curve, and both cooling and heating capacity increase but COPs decrease with the increase of compressor frequency. The change of a secondary fluid temperature leads to variation of overheat area and enthalpy difference in the evaporator and gas cooler. which again results in considerable variations of cooling and heating capacity and COP. In the case of effects of secondary water fluid flow rate, both cooling capacity and COP increase with the increase of secondary flow in evaporator or gas cooler, whereas heating capacity and COP decrease with the increase of flow rate in gas cooler.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.47-58
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• 1982

The author has studied on the clinical features and symptomatology of 97 MPDS patients, who visited the Dept. of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, from January to September in 1982. The results were as follow : In age and sex distribution of patients in this population, the third decades appeared to have the highest prevalence and the male to female ratio was almost 1 to 2.23. As to occupation, students and housewives were revealed to have the highest incidence of MPDS. The chief complaints of patients were pains, TMJ noises, and limitation of mouth opening in order of frequency, and the most prevalent site of symptom was that of preauricular area. In symptom sequence, the majority of initial symptoms were TMJ noise and pain but limitation of mandibular movement was progressively developed, regardless of nature of early symptoms. Chronic unfavorable oral habits were found to be the most possible predisposing factors in this study. The average maximum interincisal distance was $38.13\pm10.00mm$ in males and $30.73\pm8.75mm$ in females, and a deviation of mandible during mouth opening was observed in 60.8% of patients. In TMJ signs, tenderness of the TMJ to palpation was found in 60.8% of patients and TMJ noise was audible in 50.5% of patients with a stethoscope. The muscles of masticatory system were palpated according to usual methods, and a significant indidence of muscular tenderness was present, with the lateral pteygoid muscles being most frequently involved, followed by masseter, medical pterygoid and temporalis muscles.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2001

To design mechanical ventilation for bathroom of apartment houses where air supply and exhaust are taken into consideration, mock-ups of ventilation systems, widely used in bathroom of apartment houses with an area of 100$\textrm{m}^2$, were made and installed in a laboratory. These ventilation mock-ups were available for control of air supply and exhaust, and the sizes of supply openings were 40cm${\times}$1cm, 40cm${\times}$3cm, and 40cm${\times}$5cm. They were installed at five positions, spaced 45cm at a height of 5cm from the floor. The exhaust fan was designed for its operating voltage to be set to five steps(100V, 130V, 150V, 180V and 220V) in order to control its air flow rates. When the size and position of each supply opening were changed with the wind velocity of the exhaust fan set to the step 5, the ventilation rates were measured and analyzed by the concentration decay method of tracer gas method, in order to present an efficient mechanical ventilation system. The results of the study revealed that the ventilations rates would increase in the presence of supply openings, compared to the absence of supply openings, and that the larger the size of the supply opening, the more the ventilation rates. Therefore, it was found necessary to take air supply into consideration.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.53-57
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• 2013

Myositis ossificans is a condition characterized by ossification within a muscle. It is a rare and unusual pathologic entity that has defied medical efforts to establish a definite etiology, pathogenesis, and satisfactory treatment of the disease. The condition predominantly affects the flexor muscles of the upper limbs and thighs, but rarely the head and neck area. A 53-year-old male patient visited our medical institution complaining of trismus, defined as limited mouth opening. The patient had a history of trauma to the facial bones and the computed tomography scans revealed calcification in the left temporalis muscle. The patient underwent surgical removal of the calcified mass with bilateral coronoidectomy under general anesthesia. Mouth opening at the end of post-operative 2 months was 28 mm. His oral intake of food was satisfactory. Myositis ossificans of the temporalis muscle is a very rare case. Satisfactory outcome was obtained by combining surgical excision of the affected muscle, coronoidectomy, and detachment of the insertion site of the ossified muscle.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.153-162
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• 1974

To find a basic study for manpower of physicians and medical care systems in Busan, author has studied towards 1,069 doctors who had taken the regular report in 1973, residing in Busan City. The survey was conducted from July 1 to August 31, 1973 and the findings & results obtained through the study for distributions, characteristics, employment of doctors and some medical system were summarized as follows; 1. The ratio between doctor and populations in Busan City was 1:1,887. 2. The doctors who graduated from Susan Medical College were 438 as the most proportion (40.9%). 3. Sex distribution of doctors revealed male 970, female 99 and those belonging to the 30-39 age group were as the most proportion (41.0%). 4. The doctors who had faith in Christianity were the highest (22.3%), 5. By the opening year of clinics, there was increasing tendency after 1950, especially during 1970-1973. 6. At that time of investigation, the doctors who had private clinics were 673 (67.3%) and nonemployees were 27 (2.5%) 7. The total Medical Specialists in Busan were 519, and among them the Internal Medicine Specialists were the highest proportion (16.2%). 8. The clinics employing the disqualified nurse-aids were 237 (22.2%). 9. Most of doctors (81.8%) had opposed attitude to the establishment of new medical colleges. 10. More than half of the doctors (59.8%) agreed to the functional division between Physicians and Pharmacists. 11. The ratio of agreement to the practical application of public medical insurances was 68.7%. 12. The opinion by opening hospital-clinics at Myeon for administrative measures for doctorless rural area was the highest proportion. 13. The doctors who replied as low state of confidence of the citizens to the doctors-themselves were 691 (64.6%).

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.487-495
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• 2018

환형 갭과 핀틀갭의 면적을 동시에 제어할 수 있는 가변 슬리브 인젝터의 분무특성을 실험적으로 분석하고, 넓은 추력범위에서 일정한 성능으로 제어할 수 있는 방안을 연구하였다. 슬리브의 개도에 관계없이 일정한 차압을 설정한 경우 설계유량을 만족하지 못하는 것을 확인하였다. 이를 개선하기 위해 개도에 따라 환형 갭과 핀틀 갭에서의 차압을 개도에 따라 다르게 적용하였다. 운용범위 내에서 설계 유량을 만족하였고, 선형적인 슬리브 면적으로 25%에서 100%까지 선형적으로 추력제어가 가능한 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2020

Objectives: Methyl bromide is a highly toxic substance that can cause systemic poisoning, neurotoxicity, pulmonary edema. Methyl bromide is a widespread fumigation agent used for import and export quarantine, but there is little data on exposure assessment of workers participating in such fumigation. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the exposure level of methyl bromide among workers and the concentration distribution of methyl bromide in the workplace during fumigation. Methods: For this study, one wood tent and one container fumigation area in Pusan, and one wood tent fumigation area in Incheon were investigated over three months from June 2001. Results: Methyl bromide exposure levels for container fumigation workers were from undetected to 1.86 ppm and from undetected to 2.28 ppm for tent fumigation workers as an 8 hr TWA. After opening the container door, the methyl bromide concentration in the container decreased rapidly over time, but the concentration remained over 1 ppm even after about one hour. The concentrations around the tent during its removal were highly affected by wind, but were detected in a range from undetected to 11.97 ppm. Conclusions: This study confirmed that both container and tent fumigation caused workers to exceed the exposure limit of 1 ppm as an 8 hour TWA. In particular, it could be confirmed that a situation exists in which the worker may be exposed to high concentrations of methyl bromide when opening the container or removing the tent due to the nature of the work. Therefore, it is very important to improve working methods and to wear appropriate personal protective equipment.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.212-219
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• 2008

To develop the twin-fluid atomizer having the excellent performance of painting, the spray characteristics of how a wide area can be painted efficiently by one time spraying were studied in this paper. Spray phenomena are affected by the many factors determining the spray field such as the spraying pressure of gas, the spraying pressure and viscosity of liquid paints, the opening duration of needle valve, the design dimension of nozzle, and so on. As the results of experiments, these factors affecting on spray characteristics were suggested as followings; 1) The optimum spraying pressure of gas was $0.015{\sim}0.02\;kPa$, and the appropriate spraying pressure of liquid paint was 0.01kPa, In these situations, the setting up pressures must be compensated as much as the losing amount of pressure because a decompression occurred when operating valves. 2) The duration of opening the needle valve must be sustained for $1{\sim}2$ seconds to inject gas after spraying the liquid paint. This operating of the needle valve was necessary to avoid the affect on the changing of liquid column length, and to prevent the droplet deposit at the initial time of spraying. 3) The spray tip penetration was gained form the experimental equation, and the effective spraying angle was $85^{\circ}{\pm}5^{\circ}$ just at he appropriate spraying pressure of gas. The distribution of the area sprayed had the variation in $350{\pm}50\;mm$ because of the spraying pressure of gas, the its distance from the spray tip, and the lift of the needle valve.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.153-172
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• 1997

The distribution sector is affected by a wide range of regulations. Many of these are related to health and safety, others are related to urban planning and environmental issues, whereas some mainly have an economic basis. But, regulations many be unduly restrictive, in which case they can drive up costs and ultimately prices, or they may, in some cases, reduce consumer choice. Unduly restrictive regulations could also increase costs indirectly, by reducing competition and thus lead to lower productivity growth. In the past few years, distribution sector has gone through drastic changes due to deregulation and market opening. Implementation of regulatory reforms served as an opportunity to change laws and systems which had been an obstacle to development of distribution sector. Market opening of distribution sector became a turning point to promote competition among domestic and foreign firms. However, for small and medium scale of the typical retail enterprises which were in no position to compete in terms of prices, additional facilities, and services, faced a threat of diminished trading area, and even of their existence. Because, large firms may have greater market power than small firms, as they can more easily extract favorable terms when procuring goods, and may also be able to deter entry by advertising outlays or access to the best sites. In addition, larger chain stores armied with sufficient capital dominated trading area and reduced customer's welfare by abusing their monopoly power when competing with other shops, and are often cited as an example of adverse effects of local monopoly. In order to minimize such adverse effects and to foster competition, regulatory reforms in distribution sector should set its goal to promote sound and stable distribution activities through market principle and restoring competition principle, and ultimately to boost customers welfare. Therefore, deregulation in distribution sector should be implemented in a way to promote customers welfare, eliminate entry barriers, and expand competition principle such as productivity and efficiency competition. However, it should be also recognized that deregulation of system alone is not enough to develop the distribution sector. To compete in a increasingly concentrated industry, small enterprises increasingly engage in co-operative arrangements, such as buying groups, strategic alliances or franchise agreements.