• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.342-350
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• 2015

This study was done to explore the meaning and nature of life world on female college students with atopic dermatitis. The hermeneutic phenomenological method which was developed by Van Manen was used. Methods: The data were collected in two months through individual in-depth interviews using open-ended questions. A total of nine women with atopic dermatitis participated in the study. Results: Essential themes that fit into the context of the four existential grounds of body, other people, space and time were: rage against the body, the conflict with symptoms, unacceptable life, continued efforts. Conclusion: This study provides deep understanding of female students with atopic dermatitis who are relatively alienated from society. Based on the results of the study, health professionals could develop effective nursing interventions to improve quality of life of these women.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to explore the late schooler's health concept and health behavior. The research was a descriptive method using a self-report questionaire which include semi open-ended questions. the subjects were 458 late schooler's from 4 to 6 grade. The results were as follows : 1. Perceived health concepts were ‘having no illness’ ‘having normal physical feature and strength’ ‘eating food well’ ‘take exercise’ ‘having a bright mind’ ‘having good interpersonal relationships’‘having strong will’ ‘recovering well’. 2. Perceived health behaviors to maintain health were ‘taking proper exercise’ ‘eating proper food’ ‘maintaining cleanliness’ ‘taking sufficient rest and sleep’ ‘having a vigor life and positive thought’ ‘having good interterpersonal relationships’ ‘receiving health check and immunization’. 3. Health behaviors carried out at present were ‘taking proper exercise’ ‘eating proper food’ ‘having a vigor life and positive thought’ ‘receiving health check an immunization’ ‘taking supplementary drugs’ ‘having a regular life’ ‘maintaining cleanliness’ ‘maintaining warmth’. 4. Perceived causes of illness were ‘taking inproper food’ ‘uncleanliness’ ‘insufficient warmth or environment’ ‘lack of exercise or overexertion’ ‘irregular life habits’ ‘contact with germs’ ‘mental stress’. 5. Perceived treatments of illness were ‘having sufficient rest and sleep’ ‘mental relaxation’ ‘eating food’ ‘ maintinging cleanliness’ ‘ maintaining warmth’ ‘taking supplementary drug’ ‘receiving medical treatment’.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.444-453
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• 1992

Recent research reported that postpartum mothers showed different responses according to the type of delivery, and though most mothers preferred vaginal delivery to cesarean section, the numbers of negative comments about the delivery experience were higher in a vaginal delivery group than in a cesarean section group. This study set out to understand the meaning of vaginal delivery as perceived by mother who delivered their babies vaginally and how the mothers felt about their delivery experience. The subjects of this study were 17 primiparous mothers right after vaginal delivery in one university affiliated hospital. Date were collected from March to April, 1992 through interviews lasting 20∼30 minutes using open ended questions about the delivery experience. The data were analyzed by Giorgi's phenomenological analysis method and categorized according to similarity of countent. The meaning of the vaginal delivery was grouped in to four categories and the reason for vaginal in to three. One category of the meaning of vaginal delivery was pain, consisting of the subcategories too painful, want to be rid of the pain, unbearable pain and bearable pain. Another cutegory was a sense of accomplishment containing the subgroups wonderful, good and being finished, The third category was the feeling of becoming a mother The fourth category was that of not having any sense yet of the experience. The reasons for preference for vaginal delivery to a cesarean section were categorized in to the instinctive thinking that vaginal delivery was the natural method, a shortened period of recovery and a lower incidence of complications and a stronger feeling of maternal identity.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.511-527
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• 1993

Pregnant women need to be supported by their husbands and other family members. But little is known about the factors that contribute to perceived support in pregnant women. So this study is designed to identify the factors contributing to perceived support in pregnant women. The subjects for this study were 19 women who had had vaginal deliveries and 11 who had had cesarean sections in one hospital affiliated with a university. Data were collected during July and August 1992 through interview which lasted 20~30 minutes and used open ended questions. Each woman was interviewed once about their pregnancy experience. The data were analyzed by Van Kaam’s phenomenological analysis method and categorized accord-ing to similarity of content. Results of this study are as follows. 1) Mothers felt physically supported by having help with their activities from their husbands or other family members. Psychological stress was relieved by not having to worry about and / or giving a birth to a baby boy ; getting special attention : and hearing encouraging words. 2) Mothers felt not supported when indifference was shown by her husband and / or relatives ; when forced to do an unusual household activities ; or on hearing words stressing her responsibilities. Suggestion for further study are as follows. It is necessary to see if or not the contents of an educational program would increase the perceived support of pregnant women. This could be done by carrying out an experimental research project.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.247-256
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify and describe the caregiving difficulties that mothers of children with spina bifida experience from their own perspectives. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was designed. Data were collected from five mini-focus group interviews and four individual interviews using open-ended questions. Nineteen mothers of children with mild spina bifida participated in the study during 2014-2015. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis to identify major difficulties perceived by the mothers. Results: Five domains were identified with 12 subdomains. "Daily routine continence management" describes difficulties arising in bladder and bowel management for the child with spina bifida. "Management of school life of child" deals with difficulties in relation to the school facilities, such as the toilets, as well as teachers and friends. "Relationship with family and neighbors" illustrates problems in relations with their spouse, normal children, relatives and neighbors. "Maintaining physical and psychological health" includes physical and psychological problems of the mothers. "Finance" describes economic burden that the mothers face in the management of child's illness. Conclusion: The findings from this study provide insight into the practical issues related to the management of chronic conditions of children with spina bifida from the mothers' perspectives.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6105-6108
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• 2012

Background: The aim of this study was to examine knowledge about cancer and early diagnosis of cancer among nurses. Materials and Method: This descriptive study was carried out at a University Faculty of Medicine Hospital in Turkey. Study between April and June, 2011, with 325 volunteer nurses. The collection tool consisted of two survey forms. The first was designed for sociodemographic information and the second consisted of 16 questions, prepared in accordance with the literature as open and close-ended, for interviews conducted by researchers. Results: Out of the individuals (n=325), included in the study, 90.8% were female, 63.1% high school-university graduates and 55.1% married, with an average years of service of $6.34{\pm}5.33$ and an average age of $28.1{\pm}5.10$. The mean cancer knowledge point was $70.1{\pm}19.5$. Some 79.1% of nurses had not received cancer related continuing education by specialists. A signified relation was found between the nurse knowledge on cancer and educational level (p<0.05). Conclusions: The nurse, a member of the health staff, is in constant contact with individuals at hospitals, schools, polyclinics, workplaces, and homes. When educating society about cancer, nurses need to have a high level of knowledge regarding early diagnosis and cancer prevention.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.291-300
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• 2004

Purpose: This study attempted to show the implications of obese female college students' weight control experiences and to use this as primary data for developing a nursing intervention. Method: The participants were 7 obese students who had tried losing weight at C College on Jeju Island. Their average age was 22 and BMI was $25.6kg/m^2$ on average. The data were collected from May 17th to July 6th 2004, and in-depth interviews were conducted with open-ended questions. Result: The analysis was conducted by Colaizzi's phenomenological method, and the analyzed results were categorized into 9 criteria, 22 theme clusters and 50 themes. The 9 criteria include withdrawal, desperation, self-restraint, relief, satisfaction, distraction, depression, regaining self-control and negligence of health. They tended to go through a weight gain loss cycle in a repetitive manner, and were faced with great physical and mental difficulties. In addition, they often went on a severely-strict diet without taking their health condition into consideration, which, in effect, causes various health problems. Conclusion: This study gives insights into the weight control experiences of obese female college students, and it shows developing more practical and effective nursing interventions are urgently needed.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.314-323
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• 2009

Purpose: This descriptive study was conducted to identify the level of knowledge of stroke symptoms and risk factors among older adults. Methods: A total of 200 older adults over 65 years of age were conveniently recruited from out patient departments of two hospitals and a health care center from October to November 2008. The level of knowledge was assessed using both open-ended questions and a structured questionnaire based on semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed by t-tests and ANOVA using the SPSS program. Results: 52.5% of the sample had hypertension and 30% had diabetes. The mean knowledge scores for symptoms and risk factors were $8.4{\pm}3.1$ (out of 15) and $9.5{\pm}3.9$ (out of 16), respectively. The older adults who had lower education, lower family income, and who lived in rural areas were more likely to have less knowledge of stroke symptom and risk factors (p < .05). There was no significant knowledge difference between the older adults who had at least one risk factor and those who had no risk factor for stroke. Conclusions: Educational intervention should be focused on informing older adults who are at risk for stroke about the early symptoms and management of risk factors, especially those who have low education and low social status.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1244-1253
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the experience of Dan-Jeon breathing training and of Qi as a essential substance in forming human body. The sample consists of 7 participants who are Dan-Jeon Breathing training in a Training center, Pusan, Korea. They were asked open-ended questions in order for them to talk about their experiences. With permission of the subjects, the interviews were recorded and transcribed. The summarized results of this research are following. 1. The purpose of Dan-Jeon Breathing The interview data was organized by themes into 4 categories : hope for health recovery, a concern about Dan-Jeon Breathing, seeking meaning of life, change of lifestyle 2. The experience of Qi during Dan-Jeon Breathing training The interview data was organized by themes into 3 categories : an autonomic movement of body, spiritual experience, conviction of existence of Qi. 3. The change after Dan-Jeon Breathing training. The interview data was organized by themes into 7 categories : physical health promotion, emotional relaxation, promoting brain function, positive attitude about life, love to others, investigation for self, improvement on Qi feeling..

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the meaning and essence of suicide for elderly people who had previously attempted suicide as an older person. Methods: Giorgi's descriptive phenomenology was used for analysis. The researchers carried out in-depth interviews, recordings and memos individually with four elders. The elders were individuals who had attempted suicide sometime in the past 5 yr. They were interviewed from 5 to 10 times using open-ended questions and a semi-structural format. Demographic data were also collected. Results: The meaning of suicide before a suicide attempt in older people had four core components: conflict with family, powerlessness and despair in their life with a drop in self-esteem, using internal and external resources to resolve their troubles and awareness of imminent crisis. Conclusion: These results of this study will increase understanding of suicide in older people by defining their subjective experience of suicide attempts and applying grounded data in the development of programs that provide concrete intervention strategies to prevent suicide in elderly people.