• Journal of Information Management
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.47-69
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• 2010

Open innovation is a phenomenon that has been widely accepted by both practice and theory over the last few years. On the contrary, partner relationships have attracted little attention while the open innovation could not be emerged without the link to partners. This paper identifies and evaluates a framework for the partner relationships and open innovation processes. Based on the literatures regarding open innovation and partner relationships, we propose the framework of matrix type. We present results based on 352 open innovation cases reported during 2002-2009, and each case is classified into 5 different categories of the framework. JV-C(Joint Venture relationship & Coupled process) archetype has dominated the cases with 178 cases(50.6%) where JV-O(Joint Venture relationship & Outside-In process) follows JV-C with 124 cases(35.2%). No significant change has been found in the number of cases after 2003 when open innovation firstly suggested. However, the number sharply increases in 2009 by boom in JV-C and JV-O. These results show the importance of partner relationships and preference toward Joint Venture relationship in open innovation, while the conventional approaches has just focused on value-chain partnership. We find remarkable collaboration cases contributed by universities and government invested research centers, so the role of non-profit R&D organizations has also been discussed.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.649-654
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• 2006

A standard type II polyketide synthase (PKS) gene cluster was isolated while attempting to clone the biosynthetic gene for lipstatin from Streptomyces toxytricini NRRL 15,443. This result was observed using a Southern blot of a PstI-digested S. toxytricini chromosomal DNA library with a 444 bp amplified probe of a ketosynthase (KS) gene fragment. Four open reading frames [thioesterase (TE), $\beta$-ketoacyl systhase (KAS), chain length factor (CLF), and acyl carrier protein (ACP)], were identified through the nucleotide sequence determination and analysis of a 4.5 kb cloned DNA fragment. In order to confirm the involvement of a cloned gene in lipstatin biosynthesis, a gene disruption experiment for the KS gene was performed. However, the resulting gene disruptant did not show any significant difference in lipstatin production when compared to wild-type S. toxytricini. This result suggests that lipstatin may not be synthesized by a type II PKS.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.157-160
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• 2009

We have studied electronic structures and magnetic properties of one dimensional Ge chain nanoclusters using OpenMX method based on densty functional method. The calculation results show the strong antiferromagnetic interaction between Cr and Ge atoms. The magnetic interaction between Ge and Ge atoms are almost antiferromagnetic behaviors. The magnetic exchange interaction are occurred over the sevaral Ge atom layers. The magnitude of this interaction depends number of Ge atom.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.309-311
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• 2007

Supramolecules containing double hydrogen bonding sites at their both chain ends were self-polymerized to become solid state polymer and were utilized to improve the efficiency of solid state DSSCs. Hydrogen bonding sites were attached at the chain ends of PEG of Mw=2000, such as pyrimethamine and glutaric acid. The solar cell with the solid state supramolecular polymer electrolyte resulted in the overall energy conversion efficiency of 4.63 % with a short circuit current density $(J_{sc})$ of 10.41 $mAcm^{-2}$, an open circuit voltage $V_{oc}$, of 0.71 V and a fill factor (FF) of 0.62 at one sun condition ([oligomer]:[1-methyl-3-propyl imidazolium iodide (MPII)]:$[I_2]$ = 20 : 1 : 0.19, active area = 0.16 $cm^2$, $TiO_2$ layer thickness = 10 ${\mu}m$). The ionic conductivity of the sol id state electrolyte was $5.11{\times}10^{-4}$ (S/cm). The cell performance was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and ionic conductivity.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.245-249
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the effects of local vibration using a massage gun on the triceps surae flexibility by measuring the ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) compared to static stretching in healthy adults. Methods: Twenty healthy subjects were instructed in this study. They were allocated randomly to two groups: local vibration (LV) and static stretching (SS). The ankle dorsiflexion ROM was measured before and after the intervention in supine (open kinetic chain, OKC) and standing (closed kinetic chain, CKC). The LV group received local vibration using a massage gun for five minutes on their triceps surae, and the SS group stood on the Q board with a dorsiflexed ankle for five minutes. The ROM between pre- and post-intervention and the change in ROM between two groups were analyzed. A paired t-test was used to compare the ROM between pre- and post-intervention, while an independent t-test was used to compare the change in ROM between the two groups. Results: Both groups showed a significant difference between pre- and post-intervention in the position of both the OKC and CKC. The change in ROM, however, was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: The application of local vibration using a massage gun for five minutes on the triceps surae could improve its flexibility as much as the application of static stretching. A massage gun for the application of a local vibration stimulus may be effective, simple, portable, and comfortable.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.129-143
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• 2003

Bsusiness-to- Business transactions requires interactions between diverse application s and business. This gives rise to the need to for a common standard and protocol for exchanging busienss messages. and RosettaNet is the leading industry organization focused on developing B2B process standard for a global supply chain. This paper is intended as an investigation of Build-up Method of SCM Connection applying EC Standard(Rossetta-net) to reduce the integration effort, and improve extensibility and interoperability of an eBusiness infrastructure.-Intiative way for E-commerce applications to quickly incorporate new standards. Supply Chain Management (SCM) helps companies plan and execute supply to meet customer demand. The researches of modem scientists have thrown new light on the subject. but, The study of SCM for EC Standard has been strangely neglected by critics. Consequently, existing SCM system, which require to introduce the functions of EC, needs to be changed. Let me summarize the main points that have been made in this paper. The sharing information for connection and the Rosetta-net standard of the existing SCM system, and PIP 3A4, order management module, of the Rosetta-net specifications for connection by the Rosetta-net. Lastly, That shows the process of the gateway for connecting among the existing SCM systems. This provides felxibility in incorporating any new emerging open standard.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.642-648
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• 2012

We determined the nucleotide sequence of the URA3 gene encoding orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (OMPDCase) of the erythritol-producing osmotolerant yeast Candida magnoliae by degenerate polymerase chain reaction and genome walking. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of an uninterrupted open-reading frame of 795 bp, encoding a 264 amino acid residue protein with the highest identity to the OMPDCase of the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that it shared a high degree of identity with other yeast OMPDCase homologs. The cloned URA3 gene successfully complemented the ura3 null mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, revealing that it encodes a functional OMPDCase in C. magnoliae. An enzyme activity assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction indicated that the expression level of the C. magnoliae URA3 gene in S. cerevisiae was not as high as that of the S. cerevisiae URA3 gene. The GenBank accession number for C. magnoliae URA3 is JF521441.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.881-888
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• 2010

solvent-tolerant bacterium strain, MH6, was isolated by hydrophilic organic solvent DMSO enrichment in the medium and identified as Serratia marcescens. The extracellular protease with novel organic-solvent-stable properties from strain MH6 was purified and characterized. The molecular mass of the purified protease was estimated to be 52 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The open reading frame (ORF) of the MH6 protease encoded 504 amino acids with 471 amino acid residues in the mature protease. Based on the inhibitory effects of EDTA and 1,10-phenathroline, the MH6 protease was characterized as a metalloproteinase. The enzyme activity was increased in the presence of $Ni^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, and $Ca^{2+}$. The protease could also be activated by the nonionic surfactants Tween 80 (1.0%) and Triton X-100 (1.0%). The protease showed remarkable solvent stability in the presence of 50% (v/v) solutions of long-chain alkanes and long-chain alcohols. It was also fairly stable in the presence of 25% solutions of hydrophilic organic solvents. Owing to its high stability in solvents and surfactants, the MH6 protease is an ideal candidate for applications in organic catalysis and other related fields.

• BMB Reports
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.671-678
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• 2019

The random V(D)J recombination process ensures the diversity of the primary immunoglobulin (Ig) repertoire. In two thirds of cases, imprecise recombination between variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) segments induces a frameshift in the open reading frame that leads to the appearance of premature termination codons (PTCs). Thus, many B lineage cells harbour biallelic V(D)J-rearrangements of Ig heavy or light chain genes, with a productively-recombined allele encoding the functional Ig chain and a nonproductive allele potentially encoding truncated Ig polypeptides. Since the pattern of Ig gene expression is mostly biallelic, transcription initiated from nonproductive Ig alleles generates considerable amounts of primary transcripts with out-of-frame V(D)J junctions. How RNA surveillance pathways cooperate to control the noise from nonproductive Ig genes will be discussed in this review, focusing on the benefits of nonsense- mediated mRNA decay (NMD) activation during B-cell development and detrimental effects of nonsense-associated altered splicing (NAS) in terminally differentiated plasma cells.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1993.05a
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• pp.87-87
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• 1993

Polymerase chain reaction is widely used as a powerful tool in modern molecular biology. As there is agreement that the HPV is an important factor in the head and neck cancers, the detection of HPV DNA sequence in the head and neck cancer tissue has been tried in several ways. We used the PCR to detect the E1 open reading frames of the HPV in paraffin-embedded tissue of the patients with the head neck cancers. Eleven of the fifty-four tested samples (30%) showed positive result. We have analysed the clinical courses and characteristics related with Human Papillomavirus in those patients.