• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.230-235
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• 2005

Purpose: To evaluate the contralateral breast dose using a virtual wedge compared with that using a Physical wedge and an open beam in a Siemens linear accelerator. Materials and Methods: The contralateral breast dose was measured using diodes placed on a humanoid phantom. Diodes were placed at 5.5 cm (position 1), 9.5 cm (position 2), and 14 cm (position 3) along the medial-lateral line from the medial edge of the treatment field. A 6-MV photon beam was used with tangential irradiation technique at 50 and 230 degrees of gantry angle. Asymmetrically collimated $17{\times}10cm$ field was used. for the first set of experiment, four treatment set-ups were used, which were an open medial beam with a 30-degree wedged lateral beam (physical and virtual wedges, respectively) and a 15-degree wedged medial beam with a 15-degree wedged lateral beam (physical and virtual wedges, respectively). The second set of experiment consists of setting with medial beam without wedge, a 15-degree wedge, and a 50-degree wedge (physical and virtual wedges, respectively). Identical monitor units were delivered. Each set of experiment was repeated for three times. Results: In the first set of experiment, the contralateral breast dose was the highest at the position 1 and decreased in order of the position 2 and 3. The contralateral breast dose was reduced with open beam on the medial side ($2.70{\pm}1.46%$) compared to medial beam with a wedge (both physical and virtual) ($3.25{\pm}1.59%$). The differences were larger with a physical wedge ($0.99{\pm}0.18%$) than a virtual wedge ($0.10{\pm}0.01%$) at all positions. The use of a virtual wedge reduced the contralateral breast dose by 0.12% to 1.20% of the proscribed dose compared to a physical wedge with same technique. In the second experiment, the contralateral breast dose decreased in order of the open beam, the virtual wedge, and the physical wedge at the position 1, and it decreased in order of a physical wedge, an open beam, and a virtual wedge at the position 2 and 3. Conclusion: The virtual wedge equipped in a Siemens linear accelerator was found to be useful in reducing dose to the contralateral breast. Our additional finding was that the surface dose distribution from the Siemens accelerator was different from a Varian accelerator.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.271-277
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• 2020

Machine translation refers to software that translates a source language into a target language, and has been actively researching Neural Machine Translation through rule-based and statistical-based machine translation. One of the important factors in the Neural Machine Translation is to extract high quality parallel corpus, which has not been easy to find high quality parallel corpus of Korean language pairs. Recently, the AI HUB of the National Information Society Agency(NIA) unveiled a high-quality 1.6 million sentences Korean-English parallel corpus. This paper attempts to verify the quality of each data through performance comparison with the data published by AI Hub and OpenSubtitles, the most popular Korean-English parallel corpus. As test data, objectivity was secured by using test set published by IWSLT, official test set for Korean-English machine translation. Experimental results show better performance than the existing papers tested with the same test set, and this shows the importance of high quality data.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.249-273
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• 2008

Epidemic protocols have two fundamental assumptions. One is the availability of a mechanism that provides each node with a set of log(N) (fanout) nodes to gossip with at each cycle. The other is that the network size N is known to all member nodes. While it may be trivial to support these assumptions in small systems, it is a challenge to realize them in large open dynamic systems, such as peer-to-peer (P2P) systems. Technically, since the most fundamental parameter of epidemic protocols is log(N), without knowing the system size, the protocols will be limited. Further, since the network churn, frequently observed in P2P systems, causes rapid membership changes, providing a different set of log(N) at each cycle is a difficult problem. In order to support the assumptions, the fanout nodes should be selected randomly and uniformly from the entire membership. This paper investigates one possible solution which addresses both problems; providing at each cycle a different set of log(N) nodes selected randomly and uniformly from the entire network under churn, and estimating the dynamic network size in the number of nodes. This solution improves the previously developed distributed algorithm called Shuffle to deal with churn, and utilizes the Shuffle infrastructure to estimate the dynamic network size. The effectiveness of the proposed solution is evaluated by simulation. According to the simulation results, the proposed algorithms successfully handle network churn in providing random log(N0 fanout nodes, and practically and accurately estimate the network size. Overall, this work provides insights in designing epidemic protocols for large scale open dynamic systems, where the protocols behave autonomically.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2015

This study takes shear wall of reinforced concrete structure as study object, and the purpose of this study is to suggest structure BIM based on automatic reinforcing bar placement system applying set-based design through the most optimum reinforcing bar placement group that was selected by applying AHP (analytical hierarchy process) method from design step. For this, the most optimum reinforcing bar placement group was selected by pairwise comparison analysis on complex standard of multiple alternatives. And shear wall automatic reinforcing bar placement system has been developed, which can automatically generate members and arrange reinforcing bar by structure design algorithm and using open API (application programming interface) provided by a BIM software vendor. As a result, the most optimum reinforcing bar placement group of the highest weight, ALT1, was selected and was generated using Tekla Structure program.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.256-261
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• 2014

This study was carried out to determine the effect of the artificial pollination on fruit set, seed formation and fruit quality in kiwifruit and to confirm the effective pollination time for optimal fruit set in the shelter greenhouse cultivation. Also, the effect of artificial pollination practice by the pollen diluent solution was tested. By artificial pollination, fruit set, seed formation, and fruit quality was improved both in the open field condition and in the shelter greenhouse cultivation. In order to find the effective pollination period (EPP), artificial pollination was carried out every day until 7 days after full bloom. Number of seeds and fruit set rate and fruit growth of kiwifruit were no significantly different until 4 days after full bloom (DAFB), but, those of kiwifruit from 5 DAFB significantly decreased. Consequently, the effective pollination period of kiwifruit in the shelter greenhouse was 4 days after full bloom. Also, artificial pollination by the pollen diluent solution was showed the similar fruit set and fruit quality compare to that by lycopodium powder. Accordingly, artificial pollination by the pollen diluent solution should be very effective practice for labor saving in kiwifruit cultivation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.259-284
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• 2013

Public information has been collected in various fields with huge costs in order to serve public purposes such as public agencies' policy-making. However, the collected public information has been overlooked as silos. In korea, many attempts have been made to open the public information to the public only to result in limited extent, where OpenAPI data is being presented by some agencies. Recently, at the national level, the LOD(Linking Open Data) project has built the national DB, initiating the ground on which the linked data will be based for their active availability. This study has outlined overall problems in earlier projects which have built up national linking systems based on linked data for public data use. A possible solution has been proposed with a real experience of having set up an existing national DB of Korean public agencies.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.207-228
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• 2013

Due to the advance of scholarly communication, the field of open access has been studied over the last decade. The purpose of this study is to analyze and demonstrate the field of open access via co-word analysis. The data set was collected from Web of Science citation database during the period from January 1998 to July 2012 using the Topic category. A total of 479 journal articles were retrieved and 8,643 noun keywords were extracted from the titles and abstracts. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, network analysis, clustering analysis and multidimensional scaling mapping were used to examine the domain and the sub-domains of open access field. 18 clusters in the network analysis are recognized and 4 clusters are shown in the map of multidimensional scaling. In addition, the centrality analysis in the weighted networks was used to explore the significant keywords in this field. The results of this study are expected to demonstrate and guide the intellectual structure and new approaches of open access field.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.149-178
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• 2013

Recently many countries have established data platforms to disclose government-owned data that include administrative data-sets and provide free access to the public via Web. This research analyzes the "Socrata" and "CKAN", the most popular representative open data platforms in the world, and reviews functions and their practical cases in operation in several cities of various nations. It also examines the current status of the data-set services in the City of Seoul to provide conceptual bases for management and service of the local governments' data-sets using open data platform. Then it suggests measures that ensure the long-term preservation and management of data-sets as archives for services, which includes the aspects of preparing systems, creating and managing data, providing services, and selecting platforms.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.149-156
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• 2022

In order to study the open-water test and analysis techniques for pumpjet propulsors in the Large Cavitation Tunnel (LCT), at the Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering, a set of test equipment was designed and manufactured. The pumpjet propulsor is composed of rotor, stator and duct resulting in the strong interaction between the components. A ring-shaped sensor was developed to measure the thrust and torque for duct and stator. The test equipment including the pumpjet is installed on an existing POW dynamometer in the reverse direction. The results from the reverse POW test setup were validated against those from the conventional POW test setup in the Towing Tank (TT) as well as in the LCT. The pumpjet open-water test was conducted at the Reynolds number of around 1.0×106, at which the obtained experimental data became stable in the Reynolds number effect test. The open-water test for the rotor (rotor-only) was conducted to study whether the duct and stator should be considered as a part of the hull or the propulsor. On the basis of the test results, it was shown that the duct and stator could be included in the propulsor. The total thrust, combined thrust of rotor, duct, and stator was used for the pumpjet open-water test analysis. As the whole pumpjet is defined as a propulsor, it is thought that the self-propulsion test and analysis could be conducted in the same way as that of the conventional propeller.

• Journal of the FoodService Safety
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7-20
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• 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the impact of refrigerator type and temperature fluctuations on the quality changes of refrigerated foods. Phycochemical and sensory quality, as well as microbial growth, were measured for various foods stored in open- or door-type refrigerators set at 5℃ during storage. The average temperatures recorded were 11.50±1.14℃ in an open refrigerator, and 6.34±0.97℃ in a closed refrigerator. The average surface temperatures of the food items were 9.60±1.20 and 6.00±0.80℃ for open and closed refrigerators, respectively. Significant changes in color and appearance quality were observed in lettuce, mackerel, ground beef, and cut pineapples when stored in open refrigerators. Ready-to-Eat foods such as gimbap and sandwiches exhibited higher levels of microbiological proliferation when stored in open refrigerators compared to closed refrigerators. Processed foods, such as sterilized milk and packaged tofu, did not show significant differences in quality among various types of refrigerators. The installation of refrigerator doors can effectively minimize temperature fluctuations caused by external factors, thereby reducing variations in food quality. These findings provide essential insights into the quality changes associated with the implementation of refrigerator doors, serving as fundamental data for ensuring optimal food preservation.