• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2001

The cDNA encoding human NeuAc ${\alpha}$2,3Gal$\beta$ 1,3GalNAc GalNac ${\alpha}$2,6-Sialyltransferase (hST6GalNac IV) was isolated by screening of human fetal liver cDNA library with a DNA probe generated from the cDNA sequence of mouse ST6Gal NAc IV (mkST6GalNAc IV). The cDNA sequence included an open reading frame coding for 302 amino acids, and comparative analysis of this cDNA with mST6GalNAc IV showed that each sequence of the predicted coding region contains 88% and 85% identifies in nucleotide and amino acid levels, respecively. The primary structure of this enzyme suggested a putative domain structure, like that in other glycosyltransferases, consisting of a short N-terminal cytoplamic domain, a transmembrane domain and a large C-terminal active domain. This enzyme expressed in COS-7 cells echibited transferase activity toward NeuAc ${\alpha}$2,3Gal$\beta$ 1,3GalNAc, fetuin and GM1b, although the activity toward the later is very low, no significant activity being detected toward Gal${\beta}$ 1,3Gal NAc or asialofetuin, the other glycoprotein substrates tested. The $^{14}$ C-sialylated residue of fetuin sialylated by this enzyem with CMP-[$^{14}$C]NeuAc was sensitive to treatment with ${\alpha}$2,8-specific sialidase of Vibrio cholerae but resistant to treatment with ${\alpha}$2,3-specific sialidase (NaNase I), and ${\alpha}$2,3- and ${\alpha}$2,8-specific sialidase of Newcastle disease virus. These results clearly indicated that the expressed enzyme is a type of GalNAc ${\alpha}$2,6-sialyltransferase like mST6GalNAc IV, which requires sialic acid residues linked to Gal${\beta}$1,3GalNAc-residues for its activity.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 2006

Ferritin is a major eukaryotic protein and in humans is the protein of iron storage. A partial gene fragment of ferritin (255 bp) taken from the total RNA of Periserrula leucophryna, was amplified by RT-PCR using oligonucleotide primers designed from the conserved metal binding domain of eukaryotic ferritin and confirmed by DNA sequencing. Using the $^{32}P-labeled$ partial ferritin cDNA fragment, 28 different clones were obtained by the screening of the P. leucophryna cDNA library prepared in the Uni-ZAP XR vector, sequenced and characterized. The longest clone was named the PLF (Periserrula leucophryna ferritin) gene and the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of this novel gene were deposited in the GenBank databases with accession numbers DQ207752 and ABA55730, respectively. The entire cDNA of PLF clone was 1109 bp (CDS: 129-653), including a coding nucleotide sequence of 525 bp, a 5' -untranslated region of 128 bp, and a 3'-noncoding region of 456 bp. The 5'-UTR contains a putative iron responsive element (IRE) sequence. Ferritin has an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 174 amino acids including a hydrophobic signal peptide of 17 amino acids. The predicted molecular weights of the immature and mature ferritin were calculated to be 20.3 kDa and 18.2 kDa, respectively. The region encoding the mature ferritin was subcloned into the pT7-7 expression vector after PCR amplification using the designed primers and included the initiation and termination codons; the recombinant clones were expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) or E. coli BL21(DE3)pLysE. SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis showed that a ferritin of approximately 18 kDa (mature form) was produced and that by iron staining in native PAGE, it is likely that the recombinant ferritin is correctly folded and assembled into a homopolymer composed of a single subunit.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2015

We characterized tissue specific-expressed genes in the posterior silk gland of Bombyx mori using by the Annealing Control Primer based differential display-PCR manner. In this study, we isolated 34 differentially expressed PCR amplicons, which one of these was identified as a novel transcript named as ACP-16 (366 bp), its expression was observed only in the posterior silk glands by Northern blot analysis. To determine promoter region of the ACP-16, we isolated and analyzed a phage DNA having 1.7 kb-long genome DNA including the open reading flame and 5'- upstream untranslated region of the ACP-16 gene from a genomic DNA library. We have estimated a promoter region of the ACP-16 gene by a web promoter prediction engine, which locates -750 ~ -165 from translation initiation site (ATG, +1). ACP-16 gene is necessary to more studies about critical biological role in order to apply the silkworm's transgenic system.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.53-72
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• 2007

This study is designed to assess whether storyboard surrogates are useful enough to be utilized for indexing sources as well as for metadata elements using 12 sample videos and 14 participants. Study shows that first, the match rates of index terms and summaries are significantly different according to video types, which means storyboard surrogates are especially useful for the type of videos of conveying their meanings mainly through images. Second, participants could assign subject keywords and summaries to digital video, sacrificing a little loss of full video clips' match rates. Moreover, the match rate of index terms (0.45) is higher than that of summaries (0.40). This means storyboard surrogates could be more useful for indexing videos rather than summarizing them. The study suggests that 1)storyboard surrogates can be used as sources for indexing and abstracting digital videos; 2) using storyboard surrogates along with other metadata elements (e.g., text-based abstracts) can be more useful for users' relevance judgement; and 3)storyboard surrogates can be utilized as match sources of image-based queries. Finally, in order to improve storyboard surrogates quality, this study proposes future studies: constructing key frame extraction algorithms and designing key frame arrangement models.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2020

Recently, Artificial Neural Network receives attention as a data prediction method. Among these, a Long Shot-term Memory (LSTM) model specialized for time-series data prediction was utilized as a prediction method of hydrological time series data. In this study, the LSTM model was constructed utilizing deep running open source library TensorFlow which provided by Google, to predict inflows of multipurpose dams. We predicted the inflow of the Yongdam Multipurpose Dam which is located in the upper stream of the Geumgang. The hourly flow data of Yongdam Dam from 2006 to 2018 provided by WAMIS was used as the analysis data. Predictive analysis was performed under various of variable condition in order to compare and analyze the prediction accuracy according to four learning parameters of the LSTM model. Root mean square error (RMSE), Mean absolute error (MAE) and Volume error (VE) were calculated and evaluated its accuracy through comparing the predicted and observed inflows. We found that all the models had lower accuracy at high inflow rate and hourly precipitation data (2006~2018) of Yongdam Dam utilized as additional input variables to solve this problem. When the data of rainfall and inflow were utilized together, it was found that the accuracy of the prediction for the high flow rate is improved.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.104-111
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• 2002

The peptidyl prolyl sis-trans isomerase (PPIase, EC 5.2.1.8) from bacillus stearothermophilus was extracted from the cells treated with by lysozyme. PPIase was purified from the cell extracts by heat treatment, ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and finally gel filtration, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE). The molecular weight of the purified PPIase was estimated as 18kDa by SDS-PAGE. The 39 amino acid residues from the N-terminus were determined by the protein sequencer. The enzyme showed the optimum pH at 8.0 and was stable at the range of pH 7.0∼8.0. The enzyme was considerably stable after heat treatment at 60$\^{C}$ for 30minutes, and the enzyme was quite stable up to 65$\^{C}$. The presence of the PPIase in the refolding solution accelerated the isomerization rate of the assay peptide. PPIase gene of Bacillus stearothermophilus was screened from a genomic library by plaque hybridization using the A-l primer as a probe. A PPIase positive plaque contained a 3.0kb insert of the chromosomal DNA. A 3.0kb fragment was subcloned into pUC18, resulting pPI-40. A DNA fragment encoding the N-terminal portion of the PPIase in pPI-40 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method using the A-1 and B-2 primers. The amplified fragment was cloned into the Sma I site of pUC18 and recombinant plasmid was designated as pSN-18. The nucleotide sequence of 167bp fragment was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence of PPIase was completely matched with the determined N-terminal amino acid sequence of PPIase B. stearothermophilus.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.431-440
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• 2018

In this study, authors predicted probability of resignation of newly employed nurses using TensorFlow, an open source software library for numerical computation and machine learning developed by Google, and suggested strategic human resources management plan. Data of 1,018 nurses who resigned between 2010 and 2017 in single university hospital were collected. After the order of data were randomly shuffled, 80% of total data were used for machine leaning and the remaining data were used for testing purpose. We utilized multiple neural network with one input layer, one output layer and 3 hidden layers. The machine-learning algorithm correctly predicted for 88.7% of resignation of nursing staff with in one year of employment and 79.8% of that within 3 years of employment. Most of resigned nurses were in their late 20s and 30s. Leading causes of resignation were marriage, childbirth, childcare and personal affairs. However, the most common cause of resignation of nursing staff with in one year of employment were maladaptation to the work and problems in interpersonal relationship.

• BMB Reports
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.334-341
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• 2001

Even though three isotypes of thioredoxins (-f, -m and -h types) have been identified in a variety of plant cells, there are only a few reports on thioredoxin-h that were recently identified. In this study, a cDNA encoding a h-type of thioredoxin was isolated from a cDNA library of Chinese cabbage, and named here CTrx-h. An open reading frame of the gene contained a polypeptide of 133 amino acids with a conserved active center, WCGPC, which appeared in all of the thioredoxin proteins. A deduced amino acid sequence of the CTrx-h showed the highest sequence identity with those of Arabidopsis thioredoxin-h2 (75.2%) and thioredoxin-h5 (46.6%) proteins, but it shared a low sequence homology to other isotypes of plant thioredoxinm and thioredoxin-f. The CTrx-h protein that is expressed in E. coli represented not only an insulin reduction activity, but also electron transferring activity from NADPH to thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase. A genomic Southern blot analysis using the cDNA insert of CTrx-h revealed that the gene consisted of a small multigene family in Chinese cabbage genome. On the contrary to other thioredoxin-h proteins that were widely distributed in most tissues of the plant, the CTrx-h was predominantly expressed in flowers. The expression was very low in other tissues. The data of the Northern blot analysis suggests that the CTrx-h may have other functions in flower development or differentiation, in addition to its defensive role.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.545-551
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• 2003

A cDNA of bovine brain glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) was isolated from a cDNA library by recombinant PCR. The isolated cDNA has an open-reading frame of 1677 nucleotides, which codes for 559 amino acids. The expression of the recombinant bovine brain GDH enzyme was achieved in E. coli. BL21 (DE3) by using the pET-15b expression vector containing a T7 promoter. The recombinant GDH protein was also purified and characterized. The amino acid sequence was found 90% homologous to the human GDH. The molecular mass of the expressed GDH enzyme was estimated as 50 kDa by SDS-PAGE and Western blot using monoclonal antibodies against bovine brain GDH. The kinetic parameters of the expressed recombinant GDH enzymes were quite similar to those of the purified bovine brain GDH. The $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ values for $NAD^+$ were 0.1 mM and $1.08\;{\mu}mol/min/mg$, respectively. The catalytic activities of the recombinant GDH enzymes were inhibited by ATP in a concentration-dependent manner over the range of 10 - $100\;{\mu}M$, whereas, ADP increased the enzyme activity up to 2.3-fold. These results indicate that the recombinant-expressed bovine brain GDH that is produced has biochemical properties that are very similar to those of the purified GDH enzyme.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.503-514
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• 2018

In recent, the hydrological regime of the Mekong river is changing drastically due to climate change and haphazard watershed development including dam construction. Information of hydrologic feature like streamflow of the Mekong river are required for water disaster prevention and sustainable water resources development in the river sharing countries. In this study, runoff simulations at the Kratie station of the lower Mekong river are performed using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), a physics-based hydrologic model, and LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory), a data-driven deep learning algorithm. The SWAT model was set up based on globally-available database (topography: HydroSHED, landuse: GLCF-MODIS, soil: FAO-Soil map, rainfall: APHRODITE, etc) and then simulated daily discharge from 2003 to 2007. The LSTM was built using deep learning open-source library TensorFlow and the deep-layer neural networks of the LSTM were trained based merely on daily water level data of 10 upper stations of the Kratie during two periods: 2000~2002 and 2008~2014. Then, LSTM simulated daily discharge for 2003~2007 as in SWAT model. The simulation results show that Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of each model were calculated at 0.9(SWAT) and 0.99(LSTM), respectively. In order to simply simulate hydrological time series of ungauged large watersheds, data-driven model like the LSTM method is more applicable than the physics-based hydrological model having complexity due to various database pressure because it is able to memorize the preceding time series sequences and reflect them to prediction.