• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.76-90
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• 2015

Based on a concept of Nietzschean nihilism, this study aimed at interpreting the nihilism in arts and its expressions, also analyzing the modern fashion collection from the same angle. The research was centered on arts after 1980, when post-modern formal destruction expanded in earnest and on the fashion collection after the 20th century, easily accessible to data. Particularly, it set 1994 nihilism collection by Alexander McQueen, a representative nihilist fashion designer as a starting point. Nietzsche mentioned that true arts may be achieved when Apollonian characteristics including a bodily sensory system and an idealization process and Dionysian characteristics including every human feeling are integrated. Besides, he emphasized the importance of an artist being represented as an image of ${\ddot{U}}bermensch$. The ${\ddot{U}}bermensch$ image, reflected in arts and artistic nihilism, represents themes of violence/death, realistic/unrealistic expressions, human body/inhuman aversion materials and the transmutation of a form. Fashion collection expressions, owing to the special characteristic of the show form unlike other arts, were segmented as a realistic ${\ddot{U}}bermensch$ image using a model in a theme, expression, material and form. The theme of violence/death was divided into the death of human and a society. Human life/death was expressed as destruction of human weakness and self-identity, sexual objectification and violence, and social death as destruction and conflict of a class, nation, culture and nature. As for the expression, it was divided into the realistic expression of the primitive/natural and directing of an unrealistic atmosphere using a show.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.66-74
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• 2009

Purpose: The importance of the deformities in alar - columellar complex has been underestimated in Asian ethnic groups for the last decades. Fortunately, with increasing familiarity of the open rhinoplasty techniques, the anatomic details of the nasal tip have been pointed up. Definitely, having an interest and demand for improving the sub - normal relationship between the alar rim and columella are indebted for such growing of knowledge about nasal tip anatomy. However, it is true that any single procedure is not settled as versatile and fully confident modality to correct the retracted notching of the alar rim. With this article, I should like to propose another useful option for treating retracted ala. Methods: The author has tried to correct alar rim retraction by means of: (1) Triangular onlay septal cartilage graft on the lower lateral cartilage with the medial end fixed to the anterior surface of the lateral crus(Alar extension graft), (2) Inserting lateral end of the alar extension graft to the vestibular skin pocket in the form of a finger - in - groove, (3) using the vestibular skin in the form of an advancement flap, and (4) using the soft shield graft to prevent possible visible step - off of the alar margin. Results: The author applied an alar extension graft to 16 patients in order to correct a retracted ala for the last 27 months (August, 2003 - October, 2005). The distances from alar rim to long axis of nostril were improved to be within 2 mm in all of the cases, and also the shape of the alar rim changed to a round form. Nostril asymmetry (6%) in one case, temporary palpable step - off (18%) in three cases, temporary visible step - off (6%) in one case, and temporary paresthesia of the tip (25%) in four cases were observed. Conclusion: The alar extension graft is simple and efficacious. It does not need donor sites other than the operative field, and its results are predictable. In particular, since it may give structural intensity to a weak lower lateral cartilage, it may be preferentially used for the correction of a retracted ala that arises from hypoplastic lower lateral cartilage. Moreover intensified lower lateral cartilage also improves the esthetic shape of lobule.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.403-411
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• 2018

This study analyzes the attitude toward new products through case studies. The contents of the case study applied to the study were analyzed about the attitude of the new product to the recently screened movie "Sanguiwon(the royal tailor)". The court was an institution that oversees the clothes of the royal family in the Chosun Dynasty. In a conservative and closed market environment, attitudes toward acceptance of new products are strongly influenced by internal and external factors. Authoritative and conservative attitudes to secure competitive advantage in existing markets ultimately hamper the acceptance of new products or cause externalities. Eventually, innovative resistance to new products emerges. On the other hand, the acceptance of new products in an open market will form an attitude toward new products, once they form a respectful attitude towards their own benefit or attitude. These market leaders, depending on the way they pursue their values, form an attitude to adhere to their products or accept innovation. The validity of this study was verified through other cases. Ultimately, success in the market for new products suggests that success can only be achieved by understanding the delivery of value to consumers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.1 s.91
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• pp.113-128
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• 2005

To find our own individuality, there must be an active study on jeogori which is an unexplored field. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to consider artistic beauty and predominance of jeogori and recognize it as a precious culture, and also encourage interest about traditions. The range of this study is ancient times to Chosun dynasty, and in this study which will be the first part, the range is till the era of the Three Kingdoms. The study about jeogori is based on mural paintings of Goguryeo burial mounds, clay dolls and remains during Shilla, Beakjae, and United-shilla era. The contents of this study is 1. research the origin of jeogori's detail structures and changes of the form, 2. analyze the form and structure of the jeogori in each era, and therefore 3. find the predominance of Goguryeo costume by considering functional and design aspects. Therefore the conclusion of this study about the era of the Three Kingdoms are First, jeogori of the three kingdom era were developed from ancient times caftan style which Korea, China and Japan wore all together. Second, the structure of the jeogori during the Three Kingdom are ryeongeum, gil, somae and seon. Third, there is a special line that starts from the neckline and ends at the hem line which should be called ryeongeum in my opinion. Forth, while researching Goguryeo murals there were both left and right sided open jeogori. therefore, I would like to set up a new theory that during the ancient times to Three Kingdom era, not did China's clothing effected the Korean costume but the costume in east asia shared their forms all together.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.185-196
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• 1988

We study existence of polynomial integrating factors and solutions F(x, y)=c of first order nonlinear differential equations. We characterize the homogeneous case, and give algorithms for finding existence of and a basis for polynomial solutions of linear difference and differential equations and rational solutions or linear differential equations with polynomial coefficients. We relate singularities to nature of the solution. Solution of differential equations in closed form to some degree might be called more an art than a science: The investigator can try a number of methods and for a number of classes of equations these methods always work. In particular integrating factors are tricky to find. An analogous but simpler situation exists for integrating inclosed form, where for instance there exists a criterion for when an exponential integral can be found in closed form. In this paper we make a beginning in several directions on these problems, for 2 variable ordinary differential equations. The case of exact differentials reduces immediately to quadrature. The next step is perhaps that of a polynomial integrating factor, our main study. Here we are able to provide necessary conditions based on related homogeneous equations which probably suffice to decide existence in most cases. As part of our investigations we provide complete algorithms for existence of and finding a basis for polynomial solutions of linear differential and difference equations with polynomial coefficients, also rational solutions for such differential equations. Our goal would be a method for decidability of whether any differential equation Mdx+Mdy=0 with polynomial M, N has algebraic solutions(or an undecidability proof). We reduce the question of all solutions algebraic to singularities but have not yet found a definite procedure to find their type. We begin with general results on the set of all polynomial solutions and integrating factors. Consider a differential equation Mdx+Ndy where M, N are nonreal polynomials in x, y with no common factor. When does there exist an integrating factor u which is (i) polynomial (ii) rational? In case (i) the solution F(x, y)=c will be a polynomial. We assume all functions here are complex analytic polynomial in some open set.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.51-62
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• 2012

Geumho-dong, Seoul, a redeveloped residential area, is located in the foothills of Mt. Eungbong. The geographical undulation, the composition of a large apartment complex, and the partial implementation of the redevelopment project have caused the severe physical and social disconnections in this area. In order to recover functioning in the disconnected community, this study pays attention to the regeneration of the open spaces as an everyday place and in the form a network system among those open spaces. Various types of the open spaces are classified into points or faces, 'bases' and linear 'paths' analyze the network status. More than half of the open space have connecting-distance of 500m or more. Furthermore, many areas are not even included in the service-area of the open spaces. Analysis of the connectivity and integration value using the axial map has carried out to check weak linkages and to choose the sections where additional bases are required. In addition, to improve the quality of the bases and the paths, a field investigation is conducted and problems are diagnosed. The network planning of the open spaces in Geumho-dong is established, ensuring the quality and quantity of bases and paths. The plan includes the construction of an additional major base in the central area and six secondary bases in other parts, and comes up with ways to improve the environment of underdeveloped secondary bases. In the neighborhood parks at Mt. Daehyun areas, the major path are added, and the environment of the paths is improved in certain areas. Because of the network planning, the connecting-distances between bases are reduced significantly, the connectivity and integration value of the area are increased, and the service areas of the open spaces cover the whole area properly. Although this study has some limitations such as the needs for the legal and institutional supports and difficulties of a quantitative indexing process, its significance lies in the suggestion of a more reasonable and practical plan for the overall network system by defining complex types of open spaces simply and clearly and by examining the organic relationships quantitatively and qualitatively.

• 한국기계연구소 소보
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• s.17
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• pp.133-144
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• 1987

Since the towing tank was operated from early 1979, the test and analysis methods have been established and applied for the performance prediction of ships. Especially the analysis programs for the resistance test ('EHP') and self-propulsion test ('DHP') based on the 1978 ITTC performance prediction method was modified as a name of 'PPTT' in order to include the form factor calculation, two-dimensional analysis method, the prediction on multi-screw ship and the organization of data filing system. Recently the program 'PPTT' was improved to cover the procedure of data fairing, the analysis of propeller-open-water test results carried out at low and high Reynolds numbers, etc. This paper describes the newly improved analysis program 'PTI'.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.253-271
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• 2014

A linearised buckling analysis of thin-walled beams is addressed in this paper. Beam theories formulated according to a unified approach are presented. The displacement unknown variables on the cross-section of the beam are approximated via Mac Laurin's polynomials. The governing differential equations and the boundary conditions are derived in terms of a fundamental nucleo that does not depend upon the expansion order. Classical beam theories such as Euler-Bernoulli's and Timoshenko's can be retrieved as particular cases. Slender and deep beams are investigated. Flexural, torsional and mixed buckling modes are considered. Results are assessed toward three-dimensional finite element solutions. The numerical investigations show that classical and lower-order theories are accurate for flexural buckling modes of slender beams only. When deep beams or torsional buckling modes are considered, higher-order theories are required.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1009-1014
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• 2006

Density functional theory calculations are applied to investigate the intramolecular proton transfer in the tautomers of thymine radical cation and its hydrated complexes with one water molecule. The optimized structures and energies for 6 tautomers and 6 transition states of thymine radical cation are calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level. It is predicted that the order of relative stability for the keto and enol tautomers of thymine radical cation is the same with that of the neutral thymine tautomers, though the enol tautomers are more stabilized with respect to the di-keto form in the radical cation than in the neutral state. A new channel of proton transfer from >C5-$CH_{3}$ of thymine is found to open and have the lowest energy barrier of other proton transfer processes in thymine radical cation. The roles of hydration are also investigated with thymine-water 1 : 1 complex ions. The presence of water significantly lowers the barrier of the proton transfer, which clearly shows the assisting role of hydration even with one water molecule

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.11-24
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• 2015

It is common for archive libraries to provide public access to historical and ancient document image collections. It is common for such document images to require specialized processing in order to remove background noise and become more legible. Document images may be contaminated with noise during transmission, scanning or conversion to digital form. We can categorize noises by identifying their features and can search for similar patterns in a document image to choose appropriate methods for their removal. In this paper, we propose a hybrid binarization approach for improving the quality of old documents using a combination of global and local thresholding. This article also reviews noises that might appear in scanned document images and discusses some noise removal methods.