• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2004

This study dealt with the Kogi River, located in Kaizuka City, Osaka, which has experienced different improvements from the upper through the lower regions, aimed at revealing temporal relations between residents and the river, as well as probing future problems and directions regarding the river in the suburban area, by conducting a survey of local residents. The result showed that, in the upper region where nature remains in its natural state and the good water quality has been maintained, the relations between the residents and the river continued until around 1965; meanwhile in the middle region the relations have been disappearing since about 1955, and in the lower region where the stream has been repeatedly rehabilitated since 1955, there are fewer involvements of the people with the river. It also revealed that the weaker the relations between people and the river became, the larger the number of residents, even in the upper region, who became concerned over the deteriorating river environment after about 1975, and that in the middle and lower areas, about a decade earlier than in the upper area, the number of those who were aware of the environmental deterioration began to increase. Consequently, with an eye to resuming the relations between people and the river in an suburban area, their future challenges would be the space improvements depending on the environmental characteristics of the area; for example, the recovery of grassy banks for the purpose of protection in the lower region; the preservation and maintenance of many waterside woods as well as the creation of open spaces utilizing the river banks in the middle area; and throughout the whole region, the establishment of a system in which the relations between man and the river can be passed down to future generations, by utilizing the local human resources including those who know the former river landscapes or about the playing in and around the river.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.193-196
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• 2005

The value of all goods and services produced in the economy divided by population has risen from $7.355 in 1998 to $12.646 in 2003. In other to maintain higher standard of lifestyle, people are 'hungry' for time. The idea of saving time and money by providing many different types of products altogether in one space was implemented with the advent of large warehouse style discount stores. These type of retailers grew in size and popularity during the 1990s and 2000s, causing a decline in sales in the old, traditional downtown markets. From ancient to twenty-first century, the role of the grocery store has been that of the social center of the community; a place of unity and interaction of people. The experience a customer engages in at a grocery store is comparable to that of a museum. Not only is the grocery store a unique, physical space to visit, but also a rich collection of fascination items. The layout of the interior space is meticulously planned for the efficiency of customer circulation and the success of product exhibition. Eye catching graphics and attractive lighting also add to the appeal of the grocery store's high style. Shoppers are no longer satisfied with just buying good products at a lower price. Shoppers prefer to spend time in an entertaining environment. The Hanaro Mart project in this study propose the idea of warehouse style discount stores which can satisfy all the demands of customers and their various activities. This study will open up unique dimensions of aesthetic expression and experience in the interior environments. Shopping for food is an unavoidable task. If food shopping is enjoyable, more people will spend more time at it.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.917-922
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• 2021

In modern society, deaths and property damage due to drowsiness occur every year enormously. Methods to reduce such damage are being studied a lot in all walks of life, and research on preventing drowsy driving is particularly active in automobiles. In this paper, as an Arduino-based water gun firing system that learns open and closed eyes using YOLO, we propose a drowsy prevention system that fires a water gun when the duration of the closed eye exceeds a certain time. This system can be applied and used in various fields, but especially when applied to a car, it is not necessary to purchase expensive specifications and if you pay a little attention, you can reduce accidents caused by drowsy driving by 100% at a very low cost. In addition, it can be said that it is an independent system that overcomes different specifications for each company.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.104-112
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effects of consecutive whole body vibration through heel raise posture on the center of pressure and electromyography of anterior tibial muscle, lateral gastrocnemius and soleus muscles during single-leg stance. Method: The subjects of this study included 30 healthy males in their 20's, with the following inclusion criteria: no history of orthopaedic medical history, no participation in regular exercises, no history of whole body vibration exercise, and right leg being the dominant leg. The experimental procedure involved pretreatment measurement of eye open single-leg stance, application of whole body vibration for 30 seconds, post-treatment measurement (3 measurements in total). Static and dynamic movements have been measured over 2 separate experiments, with 72 hours gap between the experiments. Static movement involved maintaining single-leg heel raise posture for 30 seconds while applying whole body vibration, and dynamic movement involved heel raise (15 repetitions over 30 seconds) while applying whole body vibration. The strength of applied whole body vibration was 35 Hz frequency and 2~4 mm amplitude. Results: As the single-leg posture after static heel raise posture, mediolateral velocity of the center of pressure at post 2 and post 3 were significantly reduced compared to the pre-treatment measurement. In addition, the percentage for reference voluntary contraction in anterior tibial muscle and soleus and median frequency at anterior tibial muscle and lateral gastrocnemius muscle at post 3 were significantly decreased compared to the pre-treatment value. As the single-leg posture after dynamic heel raise posture, the mediolateral 95% edge frequency of the center of pressure and median frequency at anterior tibial muscle, lateral gastrocnemius muscle, and soleus muscle at post 3 were significantly reduced compared to the pre-treatment value. Conclusion: Acute whole body vibration via static and dynamic heel raise posture have positive effect on mediolateral posture control during single-leg stance.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.228-231
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• 2022

Fibrin glue is a topical agent widely used for hemostasis, wound healing, and surgical adhesion. Complications of fibrin glue itself are extremely rare because it is absorbed over time, but can occur as a result of inappropriate application. We report a case of a postoperative complication caused by inappropriate application of fibrin glue in blow-out fracture surgery. A 65-year-old male patient presented with periorbital swelling and an open wound on the right infraorbital area. Computed tomography showed a right orbital floor fracture. After reduction of the herniated tissue into the orbit, an implant was inserted and fibrin glue was applied to stabilize the implant. This procedure was performed without difficulty, but the patient complained of persistent diplopia and limited eyeball movement after surgery. An imaging study showed a mass-like lesion, which was not a hematoma, in the orbital cavity. In a second operation, the mass was identified as clotted fibrin glue that had not been applied properly. After removal, the patient's symptoms were relieved without further complications. Appropriate and careful application of fibrin glue is necessary to avoid unnecessary complications.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.253-258
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• 2023

In comics, panels serve a variety of dramatic purposes, including controlling the flow of the story through the size, placement, and order of panels; directing the eye to where characters or specific actions take place; expressing the passage or sequence of time; and using backgrounds, lighting, and color to emphasize emotion and convey mood. When applied to VR animation, these comic panels can give users a more immersive experience of the cartoon world in the VR space. In the VR animation "Mescaformhill: Missing Five," produced in 2022, the comic panels directing is very important to guide the viewer's attention, and in the VR space, the camera angle can be freely changed to realize various visual effects, and the physical interaction brings the comic panels directing to life. This can open up new ways of storytelling in VR animation and contribute to its successful expansion into new mediums.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.486-493
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• 2024

Lighting has been used for a long time as a medium to convey brightness from darkness, and through incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps, LED light sources have now become the standard in the lighting industry. Recently, the lighting equipment industry has been undergoing rapid digital transformation, starting with smart lighting, and is evolving into smart lighting customized for individuals and spaces through the development of IoT technology, cloud-based services, and data analysis. However, the blue light emitted from digital devices (computers, smartphones, tablets, etc.) or LED lights stimulates the melanopsin in the optic ganglion cells in the retina of the eye, which in turn stimulates the secretion of melatonin through the pineal gland, which regulates the secretion of melatonin. This can reduce sleep quality or disrupt biological rhythms. This interaction between blue light and melatonin has such a significant impact on human sleep patterns and overall health that it is essential to reduce exposure to blue light, especially in the evening. Human-centered lighting refers to lighting that takes into account the effects of light on the physical and mental areas, such as human activity and awakening, improvement of sleep quality, and health management. Many research institutes study the effects in the visible area and the non-visible area. By studying the impact, it is expected to improve the quality of human life. In this study, we plan to study ways to implement human-centered lighting by collecting sunrise and sunset data and linking commercialized LED packages and control devices with open-source hardware.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 1989

This is a series of continuing research on facial bone fractures of Koreans worked by Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Dental College of Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, since 1972. The study was based on a series of 630 patients with facial bone fractures treated as in-patient at Yonsei Medical Center, Yonsei University, during the period of Jan., 1982 through Dec., 1987. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The ratio of Men to Women was 4.3 : 1, and admissions for facial bone fractures have been increased year after 1984. 2. The age frequency was highest in the third decade(38.3%), and fourth, second, fifth decade in orders. 3. The traffic accident was the most frequent cause of facial bone fractures (51.3%). 4. The most common location of facial bone fractures was the Mandible(35.3%), and Zygoma complex(29.8%), Nasal bone(15.0%), Maxilla(11.0%) were next in order of frequency. 5. In 291 patients of Mandible fractures, 226(77.7%) had fractures only in Mandible and 65(22.3%) had another facial bone fractures. The most frequent fracture site of Mandible was the Symphysis(43.0%) and Angle(22.4%), and Simple fracture was the most frequent in type of fracture(66.9%). Intermaxillary fixatin & Open reduction was major method of treatment(36.9%). 6. In 394 patients of Midface fractures 323)82.0%) had fractures only in Midface and 71(18.0%) had another facial bone fractures. The most frequent site of Midface fractures was zygoma complex & zygomatic arch(42.7%), and Simple fracture was the most common type of fractures. Observation(Maxilla :44.2%, Zygoma :51.0%) and Open Reduction(Maxilla :20.0%. Zygoma :23.5%) were the major method of treatment. 7. The frequency of Nasal bone fracture was about 1/5 of Midface fractures, and Closed Reduction(45.2%) was the major method of treatment. 8. The complication was reported in only 16 patients, and Malunion was the major complication. 9. Head(44.4%), Lower extrimities(14.5%) and Eye(12.3%) were injured commonly with facial bone fractures. 10. The elapsed time from injury to hospital was within 24 hours in 73.8% of patients, however 15.5% of patients arrived the hospital 72 hours after injury.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.157-161
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• 2004

The eyes, the saying goes, are the windows of the soul. It's the first thing you notice about a person. Therefore, many people want to possess beautiful eyelids. Surgical formation of a palpebral fold and sulcus divides the lid into two well-defined segments (palpebral and pretarsal), producing the double eyelid desired by many Oriental women as well as an increasing number of man recently. Upper lid blepharoplasty is the Oriental eye is one of the variations of standard upper lid blepharoplasty. In Oriental double eyelid surgery, there have been two approaches to form a superior palpebral fold: the buried suture(nonincision) method and the full external incision method. Conventionally, the nonincision technique has been shown to produce little postoperative edema. However, the probability of the fold disappearing is high, and this technique cannot be performed in patients with fatty eyelids. Conversely, the incision technique has contrary characteristics. Recently, partial incision(or semi-open) technique which is combination of mentioned methods is used, this technique is removal of pretarsal tissue, muscle, and/or orbital fat around 2 or 3 incision site to facilitate tarsus-dermal adhesion. Our method is on the basis of this technique, furthermore, compared with conventional semi-open method, Y(Yang's) needle assisted double eyelid operation is more easy, convenient, saving-time method and provide satisfactory results.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.59-73
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• 2003

As a means of overcoming the linguistic barrier between different languages in the Internet, a new sign-language communication system with CG animation techniques has been developed and proposed. In the system, the joint angles of the arms and the hands corresponding to the gesture as a non-verbal communication tool have been considered. The emotional expression, however, could as play also an important role in communicating each other. Especially, a comic expression is more efficient than real facial expression, and the movements of the cheeks and the jaws are more important AU's than those of the eyebrow, eye, mouth etc. Therefore, in this paper, we designed a 3D emotion editor using 2D model, and we extract AU's (called as PAU, here) which play a principal function in expressing emotions. We also proposed a method of generating the universal emotional expression with Avatar models which have different vertex structures. Here, we employed a method of dynamically adjusting the AU movements according to emotional intensities. The proposed system is implemented with Visual C＋＋ and Open Inventor on windows platforms. Experimental results show a possibility that the system could be used as a non-verbal communication means to overcome the linguistic barrier.