• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.29-48
• /
• 2014

The recent keyword advertising does not reflect the individual customer searching pattern because it is focused on each keyword at the aggregate level. The purpose of this research is to observe processes of customer searching patterns. To be specific, individual deal-proneness is mainly concerned. This study incorporates location as a control variable. This paper examines the relationship between customers' searching patterns and probability of purchase. A customer searching session, which is the collection of sequence of keyword queries, is utilized as the unit of analysis. The degree of deal-proneness is measured using customer behavior which is revealed by customer searching keywords in the session. Deal-proneness measuring function calculates the discount of deal prone keyword leverage in accordance with customer searching order. Location searching specificity function is also calculated by the same logic. The analyzed data is narrowed down to the customer query session which has more than two keyword queries. The number of the data is 218,305 by session, which is derived from Internet advertising agency's (COMAS) advertisement managing data and the travel business advertisement revenue data from advertiser's. As a research result, there are three types of the deal-prone customer. At first, there is an unconditional active deal-proneness customer. It is the customer who has lower deal-proneness which means that he/she utilizes deal-prone keywords in the last phase. He/she starts searching a keyword like general ones and then finally purchased appropriate products by utilizing deal-prone keywords in the last time. Those two types of customers have the similar rates of purchase. However, the last type of the customer has middle deal-proneness; who utilizes deal-prone keywords in the middle of the process. This type of a customer closely gets into the information by employing deal-prone keywords but he/she could not find out appropriate alternative then would modify other keywords to look for other alternatives. That is the reason why the purchase probability in this case would be decreased Also, this research confirmed that there is a loyalty effect using location searching specificity. The customer who has higher trip loyalty for specificity location responds to selected promotion rather than general promotion. So, this customer has a lower probability to purchase.

• Korean journal of communication and information
• /
• v.81
• /
• pp.272-298
• /
• 2017

This study aims at understanding Korean fans who are also one of the most inquisitive consumers of the Korean pop products. For this purpose, it examines how Korean fandom perceives the procedures of the K-pop's globalization and constructs different perspectives of foreign fans. Firstly, it examines Korean fandom's the national pride as the K-pop expands to the global markets. Secondly, it explores how the Korean fandom rationalizes its possessive instinct while the global fans and markets becomes increasingly important. Finally, it explores how the Korean fandom constructs the different perceptions on foreign fans. In order to observe korean fans' thoughts and activities, it participates in the interactions in the tweeters and an online community. The Korean fans' perspective reflects both on individual tastes and the social dimensions in which fans live through. Through the lens of the Korean fandom, this study attempts to explicate the Korean fans' perception on foreign fans, which reflects another dimension of the K-pop's globalization.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.9-20
• /
• 2017

Camp Page, which has been located in front of Chuncheon Station for about 50 years since 1958, recently opened to the public. Chuncheon City is currently struggling to construct a park on this site due to an uncertainty of general plans and financial difficulties. Accordingly, this research conducted a cognitive survey about site usage with Camp Page users in order to clarify directions for efficient establishment of parks within the former military base. The course of research includes analytical methods such as a survey targeting Chuncheon citizens and tourists both in the field and online, a frequency analysis of 1,360 index samples, a cross analysis and t-test. As a result, firstly, Chuncheon citizens recognized the image of Chuncheon as a city with a fresh, clean lakeshore whereas tourists think of it as a city for sightseeing and leisure. Hence, it was justifiable to conclude that the city should organize various programs for people to enjoy leisure activities while at the same time protecting the environment. Second, the awareness of tourists about Camp Page was relatively low and both citizens and tourists recognize that it was not sufficient enough for enjoyment of free time. The majority answered "space for culture and art and for experiencing the natural environment" when asked about the direction of space creation at Camp Page, which indicates that the site will need to be available both for cultural art and nature experiences. Lastly, it was thought that the direction of developing leisure facilities in Chuncheon city should include the improvement of worn out installations and developing chain products among programs. This research will be able to use fundamental data for the efficient utilization of the returned U.S. military camps that are constantly merging.

• Information Systems Review
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.97-113
• /
• 2005

This paper designed and implemented(programmed) a comparative shopping agent that helps consumers to shop at on-line shopping malls over Internet. At offline stores, as consumers usually tell a sales clerk about a manufacturer, functions and price range of an item they want to purchase, the sales clerk will show the products or relevant catalogues. Then the consumer will compare functions, design and prices of the product and buy it with the lowest price. PriceMeter, a comparative shopping agent, introduced in this paper, is designed best geared to this consumers' buying behavior. Basically, as consumers enter a manufacturer's name, price, features and etc. at a search window, PriceMeter will search the web and provide a list of product informations such as features and prices that meet the search conditions. Consumers can see the information in either a form of catalogue or a printing format. As consumers click specific items to examine closely, it will show prices and information about shopping malls that sell the requested items. Clicking a 'Buy' icon, the consumers will be transferred to the right web page at the linked shopping mall. The emergence of the comparative shopping agent will expedite a consumer-centered retailing economy in the age of e-commerce. As consumers are provided with a better set of product and shopping mall information, they can make better purchasing decisions and gain more bargaining power shifted from manufacturers(sellers). The presentation of this comparative shopping agent is intended to promote the consumer-centered B2C e-commerce.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.71-82
• /
• 2016

Consumers tend to perceive the shoes as just their footwear to protect and comfort foot and fashion products to decorate and express their self-images. Even though online market research analysis indicated shoes consumption is important in daily life of consumers, there is limited research that was conducted specifically on shoes e-market. The research investigates the process of shoes' e-impulse buying focusing on the effects of shopping orientation, marketing stimulus and consumers' perceived risk in shoes market at Internet. A total of 408 self-administered questionnaires were obtained from universities students, who had experienced the e-impulse buying of shoes at least once for the last six months. Results confirmed that consumers who had higher hedonic shopping orientation or brand shopping orientation were more likely to consider the marketing stimuli (e.g., promotion stimuli and product stimuli), whereas consumers who had higher economic shopping orientation were consider the lower marketing stimuli and the more perceived functional risk in the e-shopping context of shoes. For shoes, marketing stimulus had directly positive effects on e-impulse buying, while consumers' perceived risk had no significant effects on e-impulse buying. The findings suggest that the market stimulus, which is affected by consumers' shopping orientation, is an important factor in triggering e-impulse buying of shoes.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.79-86
• /
• 2015

Purpose - The cosmetics industry is a traditional high value-added industry in terms of the domestic demand, small batch production systems, exclusive competition, and raw materials highly dependent on overseas countries as well as an oligopolistic market structure. However, new foreign brands and growing consumer awareness of inexpensive products, has triggered a shift. In line with changing lifestyles and the polarization of consumption, the industry faces a new market structure. Among its key characteristics is the cosmetics industry's numerous distribution channels (i.e., department stores, door-to-door sales, online shopping malls, brand shops, and discount stores). Therefore, the study of its distribution channels is essential. Research design, data, and methodology - The study analyzed channel distribution power divided into coercive and non-coercive power. The factors of coercive power included: unilateral request of an increase in commissions, interference in sales by taking advantage of a superior status, unilateral buck-passing at the time of a problem, unilateral request to stop sales activities, and a unilateral business contract; the factors of non-coercive power included favorable payment conditions, offers of various kinds of information, policy on commission reduction, pride in market entrance, and promotion support. In addition, the mediating variable "interdependence" was applied to the execution of department store (or mart) power and their shop conflicts and satisfaction to examine direct and indirect influential power. The methodology was a survey of managers of cosmetics shops in department stores (or marts). The questionnaire, based on a five-point Likert scale, included questions about basic personal information, execution of power, interdependence, conflict, and satisfaction. The study distributed 198 questionnaires and collected 131. Ten questionnaires with missing or hard to analyze data were excluded. Thus, 121 copies were analyzed. Results - According to the analysis, the execution of coercive power by department stores (or marts) did not affect interdependence, but the execution of non-coercive power did. Interdependence did not influence conflict, but did affect satisfaction. Additionally, the analysis revealed direct influential power: the execution of coercive power positively affected conflict and negatively influenced satisfaction; the execution of non-coercive power positively affected satisfaction. Conclusions - To offer suggestions for distribution business relations in the cosmetics industry, this study investigated how the execution of power by department stores (or marts) affected their shops. More specifically, it examined how much the execution of both coercive power and non-coercive power influenced conflict and satisfaction, and analyzed the mediating role of interdependence. In line with previous study results in various areas, coercive power was shown to be the source of conflict, leading to a decrease in satisfaction, whereas non-coercive power significantly positively influenced satisfaction. Moreover, non-coercive power increased interdependence, which led to greater satisfaction. As a result, interdependence had a mediating effect on non-coercive power and satisfaction. Based on the results, department stores (or marts) should look for improvements plans that increase interdependence. Such plans could alleviate conflict with the shops, increasing their satisfaction.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.301-307
• /
• 2005

The morphology of the high burnup $UO_2$ spent fuel, which was oxidized and annealed in a PIA (Post Irradiation Annealing) apparatus, has been observed. The high burnup fuel irradiated in Ulchin Unit 2, average rod burnup 57,000 MWd/tU, was transported to the KAERI's PIEF. The test specimen was used with about 200 mg of the spent $UO_2$ fuel fragment of the local burnup 65,000 MWd/tU. This specimen was annealed at $1400^{\circ}C$ for 4hrs after the oxidation for 3hrs to grain boundary using the PIA apparatus in a hot-cell. In order to oxidize the grain boundary, the oxidation temperature increased up to $500^{\circ}C$ and held for 3hrs in the mixed gas (60 ml He and 100 ml STD-air) atmosphere. The amount of 85Kr during the whole test process was measured to know the fission gas release behavior using the online system of a beta counter and a gamma counter. The detailed micro-structure was observed by a SEM to confirm the change of the fuel morphology after this test. As the annealing temperature increased, the fission products were observed to move to the grain surface and grain boundary of the $UO_2$ matrix. This specimen was re-structured through the reduction process, and the grain sizes were distributed from 5 to $10\;{\mu}m$.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.1041-1051
• /
• 2003

Neutron induced prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) offers a nondestructive, sensitive and relatively rapid method for the determination of trace and major elements and is proven to be convenient for online analysis of minerals, metals, coal, cement, petrochemical, coating, paper as well as many other materials and products. The technique has found many uses in medicine, industry, research, security and the detection of contraband items. This report reviews the present status and future trends of the PGAA techniques. Requirements for the system are neutron source, high resolution HPGe detectors with a high-voltage power supply, an amplifier, analog-to-digital converter, and a multichannel analyzer for the detection and measurement of prompt ${\gamma}$-ray emit form the neutron capture elements. Introducing a ${\gamma}$-${\gamma}$ coincidence system also improves the quality of the ${\gamma}$-ray spectrum by suppressing the background created from the Compton scattering of high energy prompt ${\gamma}$-rays. A PGAA system using a $^{252}Cf$ neutron source is currently under construction for the on-line measurement of several elements in aqueous samples at KAERI. The system can be applied for the detection of chemical weapons and explosives as well as various narcotics.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.14 no.12
• /
• pp.555-560
• /
• 2016

This study attempted to secure competitiveness in the cosmetics market and provide basic data needed to promote sales and PR after reflecting consumer demands and needs in the development of cosmeceuticals. For this, it investigated their perception regarding the ingredients and efficacies of cosmeceuticals and repurchase intention among a total of 193 adults in their 20-50s who have had prior experience of buying these types of products from an online shopping mall as the importance of cosmeceuticals is emerging. According to a survey on consumer perceptions regarding the ingredients of cosmeceuticals by gender, there was a clear difference between men and women. In particular, when asked about the ingredients of whitening cosmetics, the percentage of male respondents was as low as 30.8% with a significant difference between men and women (t=31.688,p<0.001). In addition, most consumers were very aware of the efficacies of the ingredients of cosmeceuticals on the skin. In terms of actual repurchase intention, however, a significant difference was found by gender and product type in 3 different cosmeceuticals. In other words, men were lower than women in terms of awareness of cosmeceuticals and repurchase intention. Therefore, the development of a plan which satisfies both men and women, easily labels ingredients and meets consumer needs and demands through proper pricing policy are needed during the development of cosmeceuticals.

• CRM연구
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.71-88
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the effects of e-CRM activities by the internet shopping mall companies on the purchase activities of purchase customers and the potential customers. The internet shopping companies utilize e-CRM to systematically identify customers' varying demands, and to utilize the results as marketing tools, thus producing a significant effect on the potential customers by generating customer feedback through e-Community. Contrary to their intention, however, cognitive dissonance can occur through e-Community, which may lead to customers' complaints. If these complaints are not properly managed and settled in a timely manner, they can be transferred to other potential customers, and the conformity phenomenon could be created by other complaining customers. Findings obtained through this thesis are as follows: If cognitive disharmony is created by customers who purchased products through the internet shopping malls, this can lead to private complaining behaviors, and subsequently, these behaviors are formed through e-Community. If the internet shopping mall companies do not take any timely and proper measures to intervene in the stage of private complaining behaviors in the first place, these behaviors will immediately escalate into the public complaining behaviors. Furthermore, the complaints will be transferred to other potential customers, ultimately resulting in their swift expansion. In other words, contrary to intention of the internet shopping mall companies, e-CRM does not facilitate the potential customers purchase decision, it rather affects them to postpone or withdraw their purchase decision. Accordingly, the internet shopping mall companies are required to manage e-Community with extreme care, and they should promptly respond to the complaining customers so that e-Community can function properly.