• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.88-117
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• 1990

The purposes of this study are to delineate a profile of the state of a stroke patient's adaptation at 3 months after hospitalization and to explore the relationship between the level of adaptation and the variables which influence the adaptation of hemiplegic patients. To these ends, theoretical framework was derived basically from the stress adaptation model. The basic assumption underlying the level of adaptation is influenced by the presenting focal, contextual and residual stimuli. This group of stimuli is further operationalized and represented by a perception of stress. which is the perceived effect of the disability and by the mediating variables such as sociodemographic factors as an external conditioning variables and perceived social support and hardiness personality characteristics as an internal intervening variables. The dependent varibales in this study is the level of physical, psychological and social adaptation and is hypothesized to be a function of the interaction between 3 sets of variables namely, the perceived disability effect, external conditioning variables and internal intevening varibles. A total of fourty three subjects from 3 general hospitals in Seoul were observed and interviewed with the aid of 7 structured instruments. The data were collected twice on each subject : first at the pre-discharge period arid at 3 months post-discharge from hospital for the second time. The study was carried out for the period from February to August, 1988. The instruments used for the study include 4 existing scales and 3 scales developed by the researcher for this study. They are : 1) The ADL dependency scale and the scale of the clinical physical functions for the assessment of physical adaptation. 2) the SDS(self report of depression) to measure the level of psychological adaptation. 3) The scale for the amount of social activities for the measurement of the level of social adaptation. 4) The scale for the perceived effect of disability for the measurement of the focal stimuli. 5) The health related hardiness scale and the perceived interpersonal support self evaluation list(ISEL) for the measurement of the hardiness personality character and the perceived social support. The data obtained were analyzed using percentage, oneway ANOVA, Pearson coefficients correlation and stepwise multiple regression. The findings provide valuable information about the present level of physical adaptation at 3 months after discharge. The patient revealed a decreased ADL dependency and lowered limitation of physical function as compared with pre - discharge state. Psycholcgically, the average degree of depression at follow up was within normal range of depression. Socially, the amount of social activities was very low. The one way ANOVA and the correlational analysis revealed the relationship between the 3 sets of variables and the adaptation level as follows : 1) The perceived disability effect was related to the degree of the depression and the amount of social activities but was not related to the physical adaptation. 2) Among the sociodemographic variables, sex and education were related to the difference of ADL dependency and the change of physical function. These factors indicate that women more than men and educated more than the less educated were found more independent. The education was also related to the degree of depression suggesting that the higher the educational level, the more well adapted the patients were both physically and psychologically. Age, marital status and job state were not found to be related to the patient's adaptation level. 3) Among the internal intervening variables, the health related hardiness characteristic was related to the differences of ADL dependency, physical functions and the social activities, indicating that the higher the hardiness character the higher the level of physical and social adaptation. 4) The perceived social support, another internal intervening variable, was related to the degree of depression and the social activities. This data suggest that the higher the perception of social support, the better adapted the patients were psychogically and socially. In summarizing the results of the correlational analysis, the level of physical adaptation was influenced by sex, the years of education and the hardiness character. The level of psychological adaptation was influenced by the years of education, the perceived disability effect and the perceived social support. And the level of social adaptation was influenced by the perceived disability effect, the hardiness character and the perceived social support. The stepwise multiple regression analysis shows findings as follows : 1) The most important factor to explain the difference of ADL dependency was sex, indicating females were more independent than males. 2) The most important factor to explain the difference of physical function and the degree of depression was the patient's education level. 3) The strongest explaining factor for the amount of social activities was perceived self esteem(one of the subconcepts of perceived social support). Thus the most important factors influencing the level of adaptation were found to be sex, education, the hardiness character and self esteem. From the above findings, the significance of this study can be delineated as follows : 1) Corroboration of the assumed relationship between the various variables and the adaptation level as suggested in the conceptual model. 2) Support for the feasibility of the cognitive approach for nursing intervention such as hardness character training, counselling and teaching for self-care in the chronic patients.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.23-24
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• 2014

NGII (National Geographic Information Institute) has been providing VRS (Virtual Reference Station) service so that could determine precise positioning in real time since 2007. However, since the VRS service has to maintain the connected status with VRS server, the number of users who can use VRS service are limited by capacity of VRS server. To solve this problem, NGII has been providing FKP (Virtual Reference Station) service using one way telecommunication from November 1, 2012. Therefore, it is predicted that the usage of FKP service will increase in public surveying and cadastral resurveying in the future. However, the studies with respect to analysis of FKP precision for applying to public surveying and cadastral resurveying is not conducted enough. In this study, to analyse the application possibility of FKP on the public surveying and cadastral resurveying, the two kind analysis were performed. First is the analysis of accuracy according to the configuration of reference station of FKP and VRS. One is consisted of same reference stations, another is consisted of different reference stations. Second is the accuracy anlalysis of horizontal and vertical positioning acquiring VRS and FKP data in various measurement environment based on VRS regulation. Result of first study, Positioning accuracy according to the configuration of the reference stations satisfies related regulation. However, accuracy of FKP in case of different reference stations is worse than in case of same reference stations.. The result of second test shows that the horizontal precision of FKP and VRS in good measurement environment satisfy the allowed precision. However, in some case, horizontal precision of FKP and VRS in poor measurement environment exceed the allowed precision. In addition, the number of exceeding the allowed precision in the FKP is more than the VRS. The vertical precision of the VRS satisfy related work provision. In conclusion, the result of this study shows that the FKP only in open area should be used for public survey and cadastral resurvey. Therefore the additional studies with respect to the improvement of FKP precision should be conducted.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.321-330
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• 1987

In the endemic area of bovine piroplasmosis in Chonbuk Province, total of 486 heads of Holstein cow selected from 14 farms randomly were examined the infection status of piroplasma and their blood values. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The etiological agent was only Theileria sergenti and none of the Babesia sp. infection. 2. All of the 486 heads of examined cow were infected with Theileria sergenti (100%). 3. In the initial examination of 11 farms in early summer, the means of blood values were as follows; RBC:$526{\pm}84(10^4/mm^3$), Ht:$27.9{\pm}2.8%$, SP:$7.5{\pm}0.6g/dl$, WBC: $11586{\pm}354/mm^3$, and Fibrinogen: $578.5{\pm}164.1mg/dl$. 4. In the second examinations in slimmer season, the blood values of examined cows had little varieties. But in the winter season, cows housed in the barn, the blood values were greatly increased; RBC: $601{\pm}77(10^4/mm^3)$, (F-value: 37.186**), Ht: $30.5{\pm}1.3%$(F-value: 15.626**) Hb: $12.2{\pm}1.3g/dl$(F-value: 5.899**), SP: $7.4{\pm}0.6g/dl$(F-value: 5.05**). 5. To determine the piroplasma infection in the many herds of cow, the measurement of Ht, Hb, and SP values etc. were more effective and helpful to find the weak cow because the examined process are not only to be easily carry out many samples but also to be done very simple and rapidly. 6. The indications of therapeutic standard values were stablished as follows; the less than 20% in the Ht value, below the 10g/dl in the Hb value, and less than 6g/dl in SP value. When the one among the therapeutic standard values, Ht, Hb, and SP was below the therapeutic standard value, the cow was treated with nutriments. When more than two among them were below the therapeutic standard, the cow was treated with Berenil, at once. In this way, there was no one head which represented clinical signs of piroplasmosis among 486 heads of cow at 14 farms during the year of 1986. 7. In a Korean native cattle infected with Thieleria sergenti seriously, the recovery of blood values was very prolonged by the treatment of Berenil only. But by the transfusion of 300ml blood collected from normal cow, the blood values were recovered rapidly.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.455-472
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to serve as a basis for mapping out successful strategies to build the professional self-image of nurses through uniform, by examining their satisfaction with uniform and professional self-image by general characteristics, and identifying the correlational relationship between the two factors. The subjects in this study were 205 nurses who served in general departments of two university hospitals in Seoul. The departments where special uniform was required, including ICU, RR, OR and CSR, were excluded. The data were collected from September 15 through 22, 2000. For measurement of uniform satisfaction level, a uniform satisfaction scale was prepared by myself, and Arthur(1990)'s PSCNI translated and modified by Song Kyong Ae and Rho Chun Hee(1996) was employed. The Cronbach a of the uniform satisfaction scale and PSCNI was 0.90 and 0.86 respectively. The collected data were analyzed by SAS, and real number, percentage, average and standard deviation were calculated. Besides, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's r procedures were utilized, and Scheffe test was conducted as a posttest. The findings of this study were as below: 1. The uniform satisfaction of the nurses investigated was scored 2.52 on the basis of 4 points, which was on the medium level. By subarea, symbolicity satisfaction was 2.48, and aesthetic satisfaction was 2.60. The functionability satisfaction was 2.44. So the esthetic satisfaction was greatest. 2. Among general characteristics of the subjects, two factors made a significant difference to their uniform satisfaction : age(F=4.05, P=.0189), and total career(F=4.25, P=.0061). 3. Their professional self-image got 2.75 on the basis of 4 points, which was on upper middle level. The subarea score was 2.79 for professional work, 2.52 for satisfaction and 2.97 for communication. The communication area was rated highest, and the satisfaction area was scored lowest. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, professional self-image was different according to five factors : age(F=17.83, P=.001), marital status(T=5.18, P=.0000), educational background(F=8.72, P=.0002), position(T=-5.29, P=.0000) and total career(F=15.23, p=.0001). Better professional self-image was possessed by the older group than the younger one, by the married group than the singles, by the better-educated group than the less-educated, by the nurses in position equal to or higher than charge nurse, or by the higher-career group. 5. The correlational relationship of uniform satisfaction to professional self-image was statistically significant, yet very weak(r=.1978, p=.0045). The satisfaction area of professional self-image was correlated to every uniform satisfaction area, including symbolicity(4=.4393, p=.0001), aesthetics(r=.2471, p=.0004), functionability(r=.3094, p=.0001) and total satisfaction(r=.4050, p=.0001). Therefore, the uniform satisfaction gave an impact on the satisfaction area of professional self-image of the nurses, and there was a significant correlational relationship between uniform symbolicity area and total professional self-image(r=.2416, p=.0005).

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.15A no.5
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• pp.275-286
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• 2008

Fast File System(FFS) utilizes large disk bandwidth to improve the write performance of large files. One way to improve the performance is to write multiple blocks of a large file at a single disk I/O through the disk bandwidth. However, rather than disk bandwidth, the performance of small file writes is limited by disk access times significantly impacted by disk movements such as disk seek and rotation because FFS writes each of small files at a single disk write. We propose CW-FFS (Co-Writing Fast File System) to improve the write performance of small files by minimizing the disk movements that are needed to write small files to disks. Its key technique called co-writing scheme is to dynamically collect multiple small files named by a given directory and then write them at a single disk I/O to contiguous disk locations. Co-writing several small files at a single disk I/O reduces multiple disk movements that are needed for small file writes to one single disk movement, thus increasing the overall write performance of write-intensive applications. Furthermore, a file allocation scheme is introduced to prevent co-writing scheme from having a negative impact on disk spatial locality of small files named by a given directory. The measurement of our technique implemented in the OpenBSD 4.0 shows that CW-FFS increases the performance of small file writes over FFS in the range from 5 to 35% in the Postmark benchmark.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.63-72
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• 2018

Purpose - In this study, it is classified the service quality dimension of mobile shopping app using Kano model. In addition, it is evaluated quality factors suitable for strategic management from the viewpoint of service provider through mobile application through binary dimension analysis. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, seven quality dimensions such as information quality, reliability, immediacy, convenience, design, security and customer service were derived through related studies to make binary shopping quality app quality measurement. 37 sub-variables were set by each quality dimensions. Each questionnaire was composed of positive and negative items like Kano's proposed method, and the satisfaction coefficient suggested by Timko(1993) was examined to understand the influence of each factors on customer satisfaction. Results - As a result of research, shopping app users perceived unity quality factor in most items of service quality dimension such as information quality, reliability, immediacy, convenience and customer service. In addition, the satisfaction coefficient showed a good impression, quick response of the result, fast delivery, and the unsatisfactory coefficient showed more interest in personal information such as payment method safety, and transaction security. As a result of research, shopping app users perceived unity quality factor in most items of service quality dimension such as information quality, reliability, immediacy, convenience and customer service. And, in information quality, the information overload was classified as an apathetic quality component, while the related information provision belonged to an attractive quality component. In reliability quality, customized service provision was classified as an attractive quality component. In instant connectivity, the quality of the connection during transport was classified as an attractive quality component. In convenience quality, access to product information was classified as a one-way quality component. All components of designs quality were classified as attractive quality components, and in security quality, all of their components were all classified as one quality component. Lastly, in customer service, they components were all classified as a single quality component. In addition, the satisfaction coefficient showed a good impression, quick response of the result, fast delivery, and the unsatisfactory coefficient showed more interest in personal information such as payment method safety, and transaction security. Conclusion - In the online service environment, which is difficult to differentiate in terms of upward upgrading only by technological implementation and function, the results of this study can be suggested as a differentiating factor for major channels with customers rather than improve the brand image.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.152-158
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• 2009

Total Skin Electron Beam Therapy (TSEBT) of linear accelerator has become use so as to be useful, 2~9 MeV of energy territories came to be used with mycosis fungoides and cutaneous lymphomas in the superficial lesion treatment which covers the major portion of the body. I treat a patient to Stanford technique in this study, and it is $60^{\circ}$ around the patients whom Stanford technique irradiated electronic beam to a linear accelerator in horizontal directions and there is a way a standard of TSEBT treat it to six located field (anterior, posterior, and four obliques) becoming. An each field does horizontally it and consist to beam of the two component which fitted the center to a suitable angle. a patient treats it to three dual field a day in order to make short treatment time. when a first day, we treat one dual field at anterior position and two dual field at posterior position. when the second day, treat one dual field at posterior position and two dual field at anterior position. Therefore, six dual field is finished in perfect periodic two days. we made cylindrical acrylic phantom, and I inserted a dosimeter film between phantom. in order to measure a dose distribution calculation before treat a patient, and a patient checked it in six field directions that got from a treatment. It is after that thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) as it uses Rando phantom and then measurement dose distribution in six field directions after attaching at chest, the right and left flank, a back after irradiation.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.121-128
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• 2009

This study has proposed the signal operating system to use both semi-actuated signal control and pedestrian push-button as a way to make up for the problems of 3 leg intersections which are operated inefficiently in the signal operation, one of the methods of traffic operations. In case of the semi-actuated signal control, it can reduce delay inside the intersection by serving to uncongested traffic on the main road where there is not much traffic volume on the secondary road and push-button signal can reduce unnecessary waiting time it could happen to vehicles by operating it though there is no pedestrian. Quantitative analysis was tried regarding the average delay reduction per vehicle using VISSIM, microscopic simulation program regarding how much effect it has compared with the existing signal control system and semi-actuated signal control system when the above two advantages are collected. The field test was performed for one three-leg intersection of Incheon. According to respectively signal control method pedestrian traffic changed and executed a sensitivity analysis. The result which compares the average delay time per a vehicle of scenarios, the signal control method of using the pedestrian push-button system in comparison with the fixed signal control method showed to decrease effect of a minimum 3.7 second (10%), a maximum 5.8 second (16%). When the pedestrian traffic volume was 20% or less of the measurement traffic volume, The signal control method of using the pedestrian push-button system appeared to be more efficient the semi-actuated signal control with object intersection.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.91-97
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the Christian characters of Korean church members. In addition, this study also examined the virtues and measurement index of Christian characters, general factors of church members and relationship between 9 virtues of Christian characters of church members and related influences. In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted with one to one interview through the assistance of church officials. The results based on the survey showed no significant differences in Christian characters according to the personal factors and church factors. However, it was identified that the church satisfaction among the church factors affected the Christian character. In order to improve the negative image of Korean church through this study, this study tries to show the relationship with Christian characters and the importance of Christian characters in the church and to suggest the necessity of education. This study seeks to review the correlation that the faith of Korean Christians, their status and title within the church, length of year they've had faith and their satisfaction with church life have with their well-rounded character as a Christian, what factors or values affect the personality of Christians in Korean chruches, and what programs or action steps can be taken to provide the most optimal and feasible way to promote a better well-rounded character in Korean Christians.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.507-516
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• 2018

The closed chamber method, which is one of the most commonly used method for measuring greenhouse gases produced in rice paddy fields, has limitations in measuring dynamic $CH_4$ flux with spatio-temporal constrains. In order to deal with the limitation of the closed chamber method, some studies based on open-path of eddy covariance method have been actively conducted recently. The aim of this study was to compare the $CH_4$ fluxes measured by open-path and closed chamber method in the paddy rice fields. The open-path, one of the gas ($CO_2$, $CH_4$ etc.) analysis methods, is technology where a laser beam is emitted from the source passes through the open cell, reflecting multiple times from the two mirrors, and then detecting. The $CH_4$ emission patterns by these two methods during rice cultivation season were similar, but the total $CH_4$ emission measured by open-path method were 31% less than of the amount measured by closed chamber. The reason for the difference in $CH_4$ emission was due to overestimation by closed chamber and underestimation by open-path. The closed chamber method can overestimate $CH_4$ emissions due to environmental changes caused by high temperature and light interruption by acrylic partition in chamber. On the other hand, the open-path method for eddy covariance can underestimate its emission because it assumes density fluctuations and horizontal homogeneous terrain negligible However, comparing $CH_4$ fluxes at the same sampling time (AM 10:30-11:00, 30-min fluxes) showed good agreements ($r^2=0.9064$). The open-path measurement technique is expected to be a good way to compensate for the disadvantage of the closed chamber method because it can monitor dynamic $CH_4$ fluctuation even if data loss is taken into account.