• Applied Microscopy
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.183-194
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• 2006

동양의학 이론의 주요 관심사인 경락의 연구에 있어 생체 내 신호전달 체계와 해부학적 실체에 대한 단서를 확인하기 위하여 본 실험을 수행하였다. 1960년대 이루어졌던 봉한학설의 이론과 문헌을 근거로 하여 토끼의 복막에 존재하는 봉한관으로 생각되는 반투명의 회백색의 탄성이 있는 섬유상 구조물을 분리하여 조직학적으로 관찰하였다. 각 조직 샘플은 봉한관 확인을 위하여 hematoxylin eosin과 Masson's trichrome 염색, 교원섬유는 Van Gieson's 염색, 신경은 Kluver Barrera's luxol fast blul 염색을 하여 비교함으로써 구성성분에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 광학현미경상에서 관찰된 조직들은 교원섬유와 신경으로 구성된 집합체였으며 다발의 형태를 이루고 있었고, 여러 개의 myoid spindle형태의 세포들이 종으로 배열되어 있었다. 이러한 세포들은 신경의 슈반세포이며 봉한관의 myoid형태의 세포들과 같은 소견이었다. 같은 부위를 전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과 잘 배열된 교원섬유와 신경을 관찰할 수 있었으며 신경다발 사이로 교원섬유가 둘러싸고 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 복막에 존재하는 봉한관은 교원섬유와 어우러진 신경임을 확인할 수 있었고 신경과 어우러져 존재하는 교원섬유의 절연성과, 침의 치료에 있어 교원섬유가 주위의 신경과의 신호전달 체계에 영향을 미치는 점을 고려하여 볼 때 교원섬유와 신경 그리고 혈관의 유기적인 관계 속에서 교원섬유의 새로운 역할 규명에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2004

Introduction : Recent studies Suggested that there is a strong correlation between acupuncture stimulation and its related cortical activation. Anther study showed that either positive or negative BOLD effects could be observed depending on anatomical structure in acupuncture stimulation. In ttis study, we investigated a new acupoint $KI_6$ (照海), which was known as motor-related acupoint and obtained an evidence that the stimulation of $KI_6$ resulted in either negative or positive BOLD response to stimulation. Methods & Results : 1. Subjects and paradigms : Two separate stimulation paradigms were performed on five healthy (aged 22-23 yrs) in this study. First, the paradigm of acupuncture stimulation was that the acupuncture needle was inserted in acupoints $KI_6$, which is located in lateral side of the foot and then continuously twisted(補瀉를 除外한 捻轉法) for 70 seconds for 10 cycles of activation. During rest period (70 seconds), the needle was completed removed from acupoint. Total 60 cycles were performed and 10 images were obtained per cycle. Second, nonacupoint was randomly selected and the same paradigm was performed as acupoint stimulation. The stimulation protocol comprised 10 cycles of alternating. activation and rest (10 images per cycle). Total 60 cycles were performed and each cycle take about 1.5 sec for motor task. Subjects take an at least 15 minutes break before starting anther paradigm. 2. fMRI mapping : Multi-slice functional images were obtained on a 1.5T Magnetom Vision MRI scanner (Simens Medical, Erlangen, Germany) equipped with high performance whole-body gradients. The BOLD T2 * - weighted images were acquired with acho planar imaging sequence (TR = 1.2 sec, TE = 60 msec, and flip angle = $90_{\circ}$). The other sequence parameter are : FOV = 210 mm, matrix=$64{\times}128$ or $64{\times}64$, slice number=10 and slice thickness = 5 or 8 mm. the anatomic images were obtained with Spin-echo T1-weighted images. The resulting images were then anaiyzed with STIMULATE (CMRR, U. of Minnesota) to generate functional maps using a student T-test (p < 0.005) and cluster analysis. Both positive and negative response were evaluated. Conclusions : We have observed the activation of the motor cortex by stimulating motor-related acupoint ($KI_6$). Among five subjects, negative BOLD response was shown in four and positive response in one. All subjects showed positive response to conventional finger flexion-extension task. To understand the detailed mechanisms of correlation between acupuncture stimulation and BOLD fMRI changes and two typs of response, further study strongly required.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2006

Although the main purpose of periodontal treatment to regenerate is the complete regeneration of periodontal tissue due to periodontal disease, most of the treatment cannot meet such purpose because healing by long epithelial junction. Therefore, diverse materials of resorbable and non-resorbable have been used to regenerate the periodontal tissue. Due to high risk of exposure and necessity of secondary surgical procedure when using non-resorbable membrane, guided tissue regeneration using the resorbable membrane has gain popularity, recently. However, present resorbable membrane has the disadvantage of not having sufficient time to regenerate date to the difference of resorption rate according to surgical site. Meanwhile, other than the structure stability and facile manipulation, acellular dermal matrix has been reported to be a possible scaffold for cellular proliferation due to rapid revascularization and favorable physical properties for cellular attachment and proliferation. The purpose of this study is to estimate the influence of acellular dermal matrix on periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone when acellular dermal matrix is implanted to 1-wall alveolar bone defect. 4 dogs of 12 to 16 month old irrelevant to sex , which below 15Kg of body weight, has been used in this study. ADM has been used for the material of guided tissue regeneration. The 3rd premolar of the lower jaw was extracted bilaterally and awaited for self-healing. subsequently buccal and lingual flap was elevated to form one wall intrabony defect with the depth and width of 4mm on the distal surface of 2nd premolar and the mesial surface of 4th premolar. After the removal of periodontal ligament by root planing. notch was formed on the basal position. Following the root surface treatment, while the control group had the flap sutured without any treatment on surgically induced intrabony defect. Following the root surface treatment, the flap of intrabony defect was sutured with the ADM inserted while the control group sutured without any insertion. The histologic specimen was observed after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The control group was partially regenerated by periodontal ligament, new cementum and new alveolar bone. the level of regeneration is not reached on the previous formed notch. but, experimental group was fully regenerated by functionally oriented periodontal ligament fiber. new cementum and new alveolar bone. In conclusion, we think that ADM seems to be used by scaffold for periodontal ligament cells and the matrix is expected to use on guided tissue regeneration.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.665-674
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• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 농업용 저수지 유입부에 설치된 3가지 유형(준설형, 차수막형, 보조댐형)의 침강지에 대한 수질정화효율 평가와 수질정화효율 면에서 유리한 침강지의 유형과 적정규모를 살펴보는데 있다. 이를 위해서 주요 수질 항목에 대한 정화효율과 침강지 설치전후의 퇴적물의 이화학적특성을 조사하였다. 수질정화효율은 침강지 유형, 수질항목 및 조사시기에 따라 $-87\%$에서 $92\%$사이의 넓은 변동을 보였다. 농도회귀법(ROC)으로 평가한 설계정화효율은 준설형이 $18\%$, 차수막형이 $29\%$, 보조댐형이 $42\%$로 나타났다. 보조댐형에서는 퇴적물의 이화학적특성 변화가 있었으나, 다른 두 유형에서는 미미하였다. 정화효율, 배수면적 대 유역면적비(SAR), 체류시간 측면에서 비교한 결과, 보조댐형 침강지가 가장 유리한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 침강지는 저수지 수체와 완전히 분리되는 구조이면서 SAR가 $0.7{\sim}1.0\%$ 정도인 규모가 적절하다. 

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.267-272
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• 2006

The effect of methanol extract from Agaricus blazei Murill on the hepatotoxicity was investigated $CCl_4$ is one of the oldest and most widely used toxins for the induction of hepatic damages and fibrosis in experimental animals. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of the control(C), $CCl_4(T),\;CCl_4$ and high fat group(TL) with matching sub-groups of Agaricus blazei Murill extract-fed groups of CA, TA and TLA. Methanol extracts of Agaricus blazei Murill were fed 50 mg/kg B.W daily via drinking water. A 1.2 mL of $CCl_4/kg$ body weight was administered by oral intubation twice a week for total of six times. The levels of total-cholesterol, TG, LDL and LDL-phospholipids were elevated by $CCl_4$ treatment as compared to the control(C). However, Agaricus blazei Murill methanol extract feeding in the group of TA and TLA significantly(p<0.05) decreased TG by 53.1 % and 17.9% compared to the internal control of T and TL, respectively. Triglyceride of TL was increased by 3.33 times(p<0.05) compared to the control(C) with $CCl_4$ and high fat administration from 3.78 mg/g to 12.60 mg/g liver. The extract(CA) also reduced kidney weight compared to the control(C). With the administration of high fat and $CCl_4$(TLA), the extract reduced the organ weight of both liver and kidney and further, significantly reduced TG, total cholesterol and GTP activity. Hepatoprotective effects of Agaricus blazei Murill on GOT, GPT, AP and LDH activities were enhanced by the extract feeding. Electronmicrograph showed that $CCl_4$ deteriorated the structure of cytoplasmic matrix with its uneven distribution. However, the extract reconstituted the damaged cytoplasm and stimulated mitochondriogenesis. The above results suggest that Agaricus blazei Murill may have a possible protective effect against chemically induced liver damage and further help to reduce the symptoms of fatty liver.

• 기독교교육논총
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• 제67권
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• pp.415-447
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 기후변화의 위기에 있어, 기독교교육이 생태학적 교육으로서 나아가야 할 방향을 모색해보는 데 있다. 기후변화가 보여주는 것은 불과 2-3도만 지구의 온도가 올라가도 생존이 불가능하다는 사실이다. 그러나 현재 우리의 모습은 삶을 변경하지 않는 한에서 기후변화의 위기를 염려하고 있다. 이를 위해 먼저 기후변화의 의미와 그 원인에 대해 살펴보았다. 인간중심주의적 세계관, 현대의 산업적, 과학기술적 성장, 그리고 소비지향적 사회구조 등을 그 원인으로 들 수 있는데, 인간중심주의적 세계관은 모든 것을 인간의 관점에서 정당화하며, 자연은 인간의 지배대상이나 하나의 도구로 간주해왔다. 또한 인간의 경제활동 규모가 커지면 커질수록 에너지 소비량은 증가하고, 이 증가에 따라 생태계 파괴의 위협도 증가한다. 개인의 소비증가와 풍요가 생태계 긴장을 가중시키는 것이다. 이러한 기후변화의 문제를 해결하기 위해서 성서 속의 창조를 통해 인간과 자연의 관계가 상생과 공존임을 규명하고, 안식의 원리를 통해 인간과 자연의 회복을 가져올 수 있으며, 성육신의 관점에서 세계를 하나님의 '몸'으로 이해하는 생태교육적 단초들을 발견하였다. 이 단초들을 토대로, 인간과 자연이 배려와 존중의 관계성을 가지는 생태적 패러다임으로의 전환, 창조영성의 회복, 청지기로서의 책임과 지구 차원의 연대를 이루어가기 위해 생태적 상상력의 함양을 제시함으로써 기독교 생태교육의 방향을 모색해보았다. 기후변화의 위기에 있어, 기독교의 생태교육적 단초들을 통한 기독교교육적 접근을 통해 지구의 회복이 이루어지고 책임적 존재로 다시금 설 수 있기를 기대해본다.

• 한국연극학
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• 제48호
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• pp.385-419
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• 2012

Son Jinchaek got into his directing career since 1976 when he founded the theatre group Minye with Huhgyu and others. His experience in Minye was the turnaround of his life; Huhgyu was a teacher in his artist's life whereas Brecht was a teacher for his ideology to make 'Korean Theatre'. From these two teachers, he learned how and why Korean Theatre should be made. Since then, Korean theatre was his calling for 40 years of his directing career. As he established Michoo in 1986, it served a turning point in his art. His focus was on intrinsic attributes of Korean Theatre with Madang Jungshin. With Madang Jungshin, he tried to get over the former generation's fixation on external materials of Korean traditional theatre and folk culture to make Korean Theatre. Rather, he believed Korean Theatre could be realized when it grafted Korean social reality onto the stage, while the form was subsequent. He advocated Korean Theatre should mirror present social reality and circulate social energy. Also, he did not give up aesthetics. On the contrary, his aesthetic style was conspicuously evident in his productions. In spite of his life long career with noteworthy works, the critical discourses are strikingly scarce especially when compared with other senior and peer directors such as Hugh Gyu, Ahn Minsoo, Oh Taesok, and Lee Yoontaek. During his career he has crossed into various genres from Changeuk, Madangnori, and to theatres, which were too versatile to thread them into a discourse and caused a lack of theoretical greeting. Madangnori has anchored its artistic structure on its polished aesthetics which were acclaimed by the general audience for 30 years. For theatre, he concentrated on one production per year to grasp its own style. Theatre works also had revealed his own style of being opened and of being emptied which was certainly different from Madangnori, but had same aesthetic principle within it. This paper attempts to recompose his stylistic features with 'Madang aesthetics' which were based on open space, open acting style, and graphic ensemble. This paper tries to demonstrate how his 'Madang aesthetics' has refined his productions in scenography, acting style, and in more like metaphoric and metonymic symbolic expression of the graphic ensemble. To do this, two productions were explored: eLee Chunpoongjeun and Yulha Ilgyee Manbo. Madangnori was sorely explored by Son Jinchaek with his artistic colleagues Yoon Munshik, Kim Jongyeup, Kim Sungnyu, music designer Park Buhmhoon, and choreographer Guk Sooho. Though it has been ignored for its popular appeal by the doctrinaire theoretical opinions, it started to pull academic attention recently. His theatres are also getting sharp with his 'Madang aesthetics' as well as minimalistic expression in scenography, acting style, and graphic ensemble. Madang Jungshin is the soul and Madang aesthetics is the body in his artistic works. The Madang Jungshin animates the Madang aesthetics, so they become alive in his theatre.

• 기록학연구
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• 제52호
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• pp.119-170
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• 2017

이 연구는 국가기록원과 서울특별시가 기록시스템을 오픈소스화하기 위한 환경을 분석하여 위험요소를 식별하고, 국내에서 이 전략이 성공하기 위해 어떤 요건이 갖춰져야 하는지를 살펴보는 것을 목표로 한다. 2장에서는 소스코드 공개가 수요기관이나 개발업체, 그리고 이용자 모두에게 비용 및 효율성 측면의 전략적 이점을 제공한다는 것을 밝혔다. 그리고 협력적으로 개발하여 소스코드를 공개하는 절차와 이를 지원하는 기술 인프라에 대해 알아보았다. 3장에서는 기록관리 분야의 대표적인 오픈소스 프로젝트 6종을 선정하여 사례연구를 수행했다. 종합적인 시사점을 얻기 위해 오픈소스 프로젝트의 개발 주체를 국제기구, 국제협력체계, 국립아카이브, 개발업체 등으로 구분하였다. 각 프로젝트별로 추진배경과 목적, 개발과 펀딩의 주체, 거버넌스 모델, 개발기간과 비용, 비즈니스 모델과 소프트웨어 아키텍처, 커뮤니티 구성과 라이선스 전략 등을 분석하였다. 사례를 통해 네 가지 핵심 성공요소를 도출했다. 기술적 측면에서는 컴포넌트 기반의 설계가 필요했다. 이를 위해 마이크로 서비스 아키텍처와 모델-뷰-컨트롤러 패턴을 제안했다. 다음으로는 기록관과 영구기록물관리기관의 시스템 필수요건 재정립이 필요했다. 그리고 개발업체가 오픈소스 프로젝트에 쉽게 참여하도록 하기 위해 듀얼 라이선스 전략을 제안했다. 마지막으로 지속 가능한 커뮤니티를 만들기 위해 강력한 거버넌스 조직과 효율적인 협력체계를 강조했다. 수요기관 중심의 시장 환경에서 기록시스템의 오픈소스화 전략이 성공하기 위해서는 공동체 안에서 개발업체와 이용자의 역할이 더 발휘되어야 한다. 그리고 이들이 효과적으로 의사소통하기 위한 협력도구와 개발 인프라를 기획 단계부터 중앙집중식으로 구축하는 것이 필수적이다.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.23-37
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• 2023

목적 : 본 연구에서는 국제기능장애 건강분류: 아동 청소년 버전(International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth version, ICF-CY) 프레임워크를 활용하여 개별화교육계획(individualized education plan, IEP) 협력적 팀 중재에 대해 체계적으로 고찰하고자 한다. 이를 통해 국내에서 IEP 협력적 팀 중재 속 작업치료사의 전문적인 영역을 마련하는 데 근거를 만들고, 개별화교육계획에서 협력적 팀 접근 중재의 목표를 통해 전문가로서 작업치료사의 역할에 대한 기반을 마련하고자 한다. 연구방법 : EBSCOhost, ProQuest, Web of Science를 통하여 2013년 1월부터 2023년 2월까지의 국외 논문을 검색하였다. 국외 검색어에는 "Special education", "Individualized education plan (IEP)", "IEP process", "IEP implementation", "Occupational therapy"를 사용하였다. 2차 분류를 통해 최종 10편의 연구를 분석하였다. 결과 : 분석 대상 연구의 근거 수준은 무작위 실험설계 연구가 가장 많았고, 중재 대상은 자폐성 장애가 가장 많았으며, 중재 방법은 환경 개선이 가장 많이 적용되었다. ICF-CY를 이용한 IEP 협력적 팀 중재의 목표 분석을 통해 활동에 관하여 5편, 참여와 관련하여 4편, 신체 구조 및 신체 기능과 관련하여 1편인 것으로 확인되었다. 결론 : IEP에서 협력적 팀 접근 중재 속 작업치료사의 역할은 중재의 목표에서 중요한 역할임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 기반으로 국내의 IEP에서 협력적 팀 접근의 전문가 중 하나로 작업치료사의 전문성을 설명할 수 있는 근거가 될 것으로 보인다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.261-273
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• 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance, rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial community of post-weaning dairy calves in response to five diets varying in corn silage (CS) inclusion. Methods: A total of forty Holstein weaned bull calves (80±3 days of age;128.2±5.03 kg at study initiation) were randomized into five groups (8 calves/group) with each receiving one of five dietary treatments offered as total mixed ration in a 123-d feeding study. Dietary treatments were control diet (CON; 0% CS dry matter [DM]); Treatment 1 (T1; 27.2% CS DM); Treatment 2 (T2; 46.5% CS DM); Treatment 3 (T3; 54.8% CS DM); and Treatment 4 (T4; 67.2% CS DM) with all diets balanced for similar protein and energy concentration. Results: Results showed that calves offered CS had greater average daily gain, body length and chest depth growth, meanwhile altered rumen fermentation indicated by decreased rumen acetate concentrations. Principal coordinate analysis showed the rumen bacterial community structure was affected by varying CS inclusion diets. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the predominant bacterial phyla in the calf rumens across all treatments. At the genus level, the abundance of Bacteroidales_RF16_group was increased, whereas Unclassified_Lachnospiraceae was decreased for calves fed CS. Furthermore, Spearman's correlation test between the rumen bacteria and rumen fermentation parameters indicated that Bacteroidales_RF16_group and Unclassified Lachnospiraceae were positively correlated with propionate and acetate, respectively. Conclusion: The results of the current study suggested that diet CS inclusion was beneficial for post-weaning dairy calf growth, with 27.2% to 46.5% CS of diet DM recommended to achieve improved growth performance. Bacteroidales_RF16_group and Unclassified Lachnospiraceae play an important role in the rumen fermentation pattern for post-weaning calves fed CS.