• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.4153-4156
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• 2012

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and toxicity of a combination of gemcitabine with nedaplatin (GN) or cisplatin (GC) for patients with unresectable or recurrent esophagus squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Gemcitabine was administered at 1 g/m2 intravenously on days 1 and 8; and nedaplatin or cisplatin were administered at 80 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1. We analyzed the response rate, overall survival time, progression-free survival time, and toxicity in 21 patients treated with GN and 27 patients treated with GC. Results: In patients treated with gemcitabine plus nedaplatin, the ORR was 47.6%, the median progression-free survival time was 4.1 months, and the median survival time was 9.3 months. In patients treated with gemcitabine plus cisplatin, the ORR was 48.2%, the median progression-free survival time was 3.9 months, and the median survival time was 9.1 months, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in ORR, PFS and OS between the two groups. In both, the most commonly observed toxicities were thrombocytopenia and fatigue. Nausea and vomiting was more frequent in the GC group than in the GN group. Conclusion: Gemcitabine based chemotherapy was effective and tolerable for patients with unresectable or recurrent esophagus squamous cell carcinoma refractory to first line chemotherapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1837-1840
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• 2012

Background: In spite of the fact that platinum-based doublets are considered the standard therapy for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), no elderly-specific platinum based prospective phase III regimen has been explored. The aim of this retrospective singlecenter study was to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of cisplatin-based therapy specifically for the elderly. Methods: Patients receiving platinum-based treatment were divided into three groups. In the first group (GC), Gemcitabine was administrated at 1000 $mg/m^2$ on days 1, 8 and cisplatin was added at 75 $mg/m^2$ on day 1. In the second group (DC), 75 $mg/m^2$ docetaxel and cisplatin were administered on day 1. The third group (PC) received 175 mg of paclitaxel and 75 mg of cisplatin on day 1. These treatments were repeated every three weeks. Result: GC arm had 36, the DC arm 42 and the PC arm 29 patients. Grade III-IV thrombocytopenia was higher in the GC arm (21.2% received GC, 2.8% received DC, and 3.8% received PC), while sensory neuropathy was lower in patients with GC arm (3.0%, 22.2%, and 23.1% received GC, DC and PC, respectively). There were no statistically significant difference in the response rates among the three groups (p>0.05). The median Progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.0 months and the median Overall survival (OS) in each group was 7.1, 7.4 and 7.1 months, respectively (p>0.05). Conclusion: The response rate, median PFS and OS were similar among the three treatment arms. Grade III-IV thrombocytopenia was higher in the GC arm, while the GC regimen was more favorable than the other cisplatin-based treatmetns with regard to sensory neuropathy.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2005

In this study, a Long Path Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy system (K-JIST LP-DOAS) has been used to simultaneously measure atmospheric monoaromatic hydrocarbons and other trace compounds. The validity of the K-JIST LP-DOAS for measuring atmospheric monoaromatic hydrocarbons was tested during a field campaign between 12 February and 14 March 2003 at an urban site in Seoul, Korea through inter-comparative measurements against a collocated on-line Gas Chromatography (GC) system. The concentrations of benzene, toluene, p-xylene, and m-xylene were measured with the K-JIST LP-DOAS system in the UV region (239～302 nm) over a 740 m beam path. For the other trace compounds, a longer spectral range (299～362 nm) was used. In order to remove the interference of atmospheric abundant species (such as oxygen, sulfur dioxide and ozone), two oxygen optical density spectra obtained at two pathlengths, 697 and 1133m, and reference spectra of sulfur dioxide and ozone were incorporated in the fitting procedure. The mean concentrations measured by our LP-DOAS during the measurement period were 0.77 ($\pm$0.38) ppbv for benzene, 3.68 ($\pm$1.90) ppbv for toluene, 0.41 ($\pm$0.19) ppbv for p-xylene, 0.54 ($\pm$0.24) ppbv for m-xylene. The concentration data of benzene, toluene, p-xylene and m-xylene obtained by our LP-DOAS were found to be in relatively good correlations with those of the online GC system. Pearson's coefficients in the observed concentrations between LP-DOAS and on-line GC were 0.84 for benzene, 0.83 for toluene and 0.65 for m,p-xylene. This study suggests that the LP-DOAS system can be used to provide reliable information on both the mixing ratios and temporal distribution characteristics of monoaromatic hydrocarbons in the urban air.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.929-939
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• 2006

In this study, the concentrations of major odorous compounds including reduced sulfur compounds (DMS, $CS_2$, and DMDS) and aromatic VOC (benzene, toluene, xylene, etc.) were measured continuously using an on-line GC analytical system. Our measurements were made from a residential area of Ansan city during about two weeks period of October, 2004. The highest mean concentrations of reduced S and VOC were recorded as 56.9 ppt of DMS and 21.7 ppb of toluene, respectively. The results of this study generally show that the pollution levels for both types of chemicals are significant relative to previous measurement results reported from comparable sites, if the results are compared simply in terms of the magnitude of the measured concentration data. Moreover, when the relative importance of different compounds is compared in terms of the odor strength, it indicates that the contribution of reduced S compounds may be much more important than that of VOC in the study area.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 1997

This study was carried out to present a analysis of pyrolytic degradation of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzal dehyde(vanillin) pyrolyzed at $330^{\circ}C{\sim}920^{\circ}C$ by Curie-point pyrolyzer connected with GC/MSD by on-line system. Identified by GC/MSD were 100 pyrolytic products of vanillin. The pyrolysis of the compound gave benzene, phenol, 1,3-cyclopentadiene, methyl benzene, benzaldehyde, benzofuran, and cresol as major products, which were produced by pyrolytic degradation and synthesis of vanillin radicals.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.57.1-57.1
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• 2016

Methanol ($CH_3OH$) is a key species in the formation of complex organic molecules. We report the first detection of solid $CH_3OH$ in a line of sight toward the Galactic center (GC) region, based on L-band spectra taken with the Subaru telescope, aided by L'-band imaging data and moderate-resolution spectra from NASA/IRTF. It is found toward a background star, ~8000 AU in projected distance from a newly discovered massive young stellar object (YSO). This YSO also exhibits a strong $CO_2$ ice absorption band at ${\sim}15{\mu}m$ in Spitzer/IRS data, which has a prominent long-wavelength wing. It confirms that a high $CH_3OH$ abundance is responsible for the broad $15{\mu}m$ $CO_2$ ice absorption towards massive YSOs in the GC. Clearly, $CH_3OH$ formation in ices is efficient in the GC region, as it is in star-forming regions in the Galactic disk. We discuss implications of our result on the astrochemical processes in the hostile GC molecular clouds.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.679-687
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• 2003

In this study, we investigated the analytical techniques to quantify the ambient concentration of hydrogen sulfide (H$_2$S) in air at ppt concentration level. For this purpose, an on-line GC analytical system equipped with both pulsed-flame photometric detector (PFPD) and thermal desorption unit (TDU) was investigated by collecting ambient air samples. The results of our study generally indicated that calibration conditions of GC system is highly sensitive to affect the accuracy of the analytical technique. Most importantly. we found that the use of different matrices in the the preparation stage of working standards was sensitive to control the overall performance of this technique. The calibration of our analytical system was tested by the two types of working standard (prepared by mixing either with high purity $N_2$ or with the ambient air). According to this test, the latter represented more efficiently the detecting conditions of actual air samples. The peak occurrence patterns of both air samples and standards (prepared by mixing with ambient air) were altered in a similar manner as the function of the loaded volume; however, it was not the case for the $N_2$-mixed standards. Results of our study suggest that detection of H$_2$S is highly different from other sulfides and that its quantification requires minimiaing interfering effects of non -pure substance (like water vapor) and (either sorptive or destructive) loss effects.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.321-326
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• 2009

A simple measuring device is proposed, and its performance is examined in an adsorption process separating a gas mixture. The sensor is made of a quartz crystal resonator and solid adsorbent to detect the target component. Micro-particle carbon cryogel(MCC) is utilized as the adsorbent, and the gas mixture of air and i-butane are separated in a column containing bamboo activated carbon. Two devices are placed at the inlet and outlet of the column. The measurements are compared with those of GC outcome to prove the measurements are effective. The experimentally proved system is simple and capable to be implemented in an in-line system with on-line measurement.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.256-265
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• 2011

Ambers have been used as a gemstone and a religious object since the ancient times and found in several archaeological sites in Korea. To prepare an enhanced conservation measures, we surveyed the chemical and spectroscopic properties of the ambers according to the provenance. Total 14 amber samples were collected from 6 different provenances including Baltic, Chiapas, Colombian, Dominican, Fushun and Madagascar amber. Infrared (IR) spectroscopic analysis was conducted for the non-destructive examination of the amber samples. They were also analyzed with pyrolysis/GC/MS (py/GC/MS) at the pyrolysis temperature of $300^{\circ}C$ with the on-line derivatization to trimethylsilyl ester. Baltic shoulder corresponding to the absorption at $1250cm^{-1}{\sim}1150cm^{-1}$ appeared in the IR spectrum of Baltic amber. IR spectra of the other ambers also showed somewhat distinctive characteristic peaks. In py/GC/MS analysis peaks assignable to succinic acid, dehydroabietic acid and pimaric acid were detected, which are known to be the components of the amber. In the meanwhile, the presence of compounds appearing in certain amber will be applied to differentiate the provenances of amber relics if their fragments are available for the analysis. These results are expected to help the confirmation of archaeological amber relics and archaeometric interpretation of provenances and manufacturing techniques.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5231-5235
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• 2013

Objective: NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is activated in several human malignancies. However, the role of Nrf2 in gastric cancer (GC) remains incompletely understood. In this study, we therefore analyzed associations of Nrf2 expression status with clinical features and chemotherapeutic resistance in GC. Materials and Methods: A total of 186 samples from GC patients who underwent gastrectomy were used for prognostic assessment. A further 142 samples from GC cases who received first-line combination chemotherapy were applied for investigation of chemoresistance. The Nrf2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in GC samples, and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and chemotherapy sensitivity was analyzed. The effect of Nrf2 gene silencing on chemotherapy resistance was also examined by cell viability assay in vivo. Results: Of the 186 patients with GC, 104/186 (55.9%) showed high expression for Nrf2. The overexpression of Nrf2 was an independent predictor of overall survival [OS, hazard ratio (HR) 3.9; P=0.011] and disease-free survival (DFS, HR 4.3; P=0.002). The gene silencing of Nrf2 reduced resistance to cell death induced by 5-FU in GC cell lines. Conclusion: Our data show that Nrf2 is an independent prognostic factor in GC. Furthermore, Nrf2 confers resistance to chemotherapeutic drug 5-FU in GC cells. Taken together, Nrf2 is a potential prognostic marker and predictive for 5-FU resistance in GC.