• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of cottonseed and soybean meal on growth performance of juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Nine hundred fish $(0.74{\pm}0.11g)$ in the early juvenile stage were randomly divided into 15 groups, and 3 groups were fed one of five isonitrogenous (56% CP) and isocaloric $(16.3\;MJ\;kg^{-1})$ diets replacing 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% of fish meal protein by equal proportion (1:1, w:w) of cottonseed and soybean meal (CS) (designated by Control, CS10, CS20, CS30, and CS40, respectively). A solvent extracted cottonseed meal containing high crude protein (44%) and low fiber content (<12%) was used in this study. After 10 weeks of feeding trial, the growth offish fed diets CS10, CS20, and CS30 were not significantly (P>0.05) different compared to that of fish fed the control diet. However, diet CS40 exhibited significantly lower (P<0.05) growth performance than the control diet. No differences were observed in whole body composition of fish fed all the experimental diets. This study indicates that mixture of cottonseed and soybean meal with lysine and methionine supplementation can replace up to 30% fish meal protein in diet for olive founder at the early juvenile stage. However, we suggest that 20% of fish meal protein replacement by cottonseed (10%) and soybean (10%) meal can be the optimum level for commercial use in safety according to the growth performances.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.141-146
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• 2016

Experimental infection of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV, genotype IVa) from olive flounder Paralichtys olivaceus was examined. The cumulative mortalities of three different lot of rainbow trout fry challenged with VHSV ($10^{6.3-7.3}TCID_{50}$/fish) were less than 15%. No difference of virulence was observed in experimental infection using 5 in vivo passaged VHSV and original VHSV. No mortality was observed in seawater-reared rainbow trout (adult) challenged with VHSV ($10^{5.3-6.3}TCID_{50}$/fish) and virus was not detected in the fish. We thus concluded that VHSV from olive flounder has low virulence to rainbow trout fry, but not pathogenic to seawater-rainbow trout (adult).

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.175-183
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• 1999

We have shown previously that the sequence of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) hsp70-related cDAN has a high similarity with those of cognate hsc70 of other species (Kim et al., 1999; J. Aquaculture, 12:91-100). In order to investigate whether this gene encodes the congate hsc70, we examined the expression of this gene in normal and heat-shocked conditions. By in vitro translation, this gene encoded a 70 kD protein which was constitutively experessed and was not induced by heat shock. This translated protein was recognized by anti-hsp/hsc70 antibody. Tests of heat-inducibility showed that this gene was constitutively expressed in normal conditions and its expression was not increased after heat shock. The expression levels of this gene were high in stomach, gill, intestine, kidney and brain, moderate in liver, and comparatively low in overy and heart. Furthermore, Northern blot analysis of transcript expression showed that the corresponding mRNA were detected throughout embryonic development in the absence of any heat shock. These results provided evidence that olive flounder hsp70-related cDNA encoded to cognate member of hsp70 family, hsc70.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.191-195
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to assess whether size-rank at the juvenile stage is associated with growth performance and sex ratio in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Juveniles (mean body weight, $8.8{\pm}0.9\;g$) were selected from two age groups, with the high size-rank group (HSRG) fish in the upper 19.3-67.3% of 104 days post-hatching (dph) age group and the low size-rank group (LSRG) fish in the lower 9.0-55.7% of 116 dph age group. Triplicate groups of 100 fish were reared over 32 weeks. A heavier final body weight was observed in the HSRG ($360{\pm}12\;g$) compared to the LSRG ($315{\pm}9\;g$, P<0.05), whereas no differences in feed intake, feeding efficiency, and mortality were seen between the experimental groups. The percentage of females was significantly higher in the HSRG (51.7%) than in the LSRG (30.8%, P<0.05). In addition, a remarkable increase in growth was recorded in females, indicating that the relative frequency of females increased with a body weight increase. The results suggest that high size-rank juvenile olive flounder have better growth performance and a higher percentage of females, because females start growing faster than males before size grading occurs.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.789-796
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding rate on growth performance, blood components and histology of growing olive flounder. The experiment was carried out to determine the optimum feeding rate of the fish (initial fish mean weight of $97{\pm}3.0$ g) at the optimum water temperature. Two replicated groups of fish were fed commercial diet at the feeding rates of 0, 1.0, 1.65 and 2.3% body weight (BW)/day and satiation. Feeding trial was conducted under a flow-through system with ten 1.2 metric ton aquaria receiving filtered seawater at $21{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ for three weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) for fish fed to satiation were significantly higher than those for the unfed fish and for fish fed at 1.0 and 1.65% BW/day. There were no significant differences in values of such parameters between fish fed at 1.65% and those fed at 2.3% BW/day and between fish fed at 2.3% and those fed to satiation. Weight gain and SGR for the unfed fish were significantly lower than those for fish in the other treatments. All the tissues (hepatopancreas, kidney and anterior intestine) were in good condition in fish fed the experimental diet at different feeding rates. This result indicates that the optimum feeding rates of olive flounder (97-160 g) was approximately 2.52% BW/day at the optimum water temperature.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2003

Effects of Aroclor 1254, on hematological disturbance were investigated in the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Flounders were exposed to waterborne PCB (3.0${\mu}g \; L^{-1}$) for 00 days. Blood samples were taken to determine their hematological disturbances. Plasma calcium concentration was significantly decreased in PCBs exposed flounder compared to the control group, while magnesium and inorganic phosphorus concentrations in PCBs exposed flounders were not significantly influenced during the test Belied. Although plasma total protein and albumin level were significantly reduced compared to the control group after 40 days, plasma glucose level was found to be significantly increased over the control group. Exposure to waterborne PCBs resulted in significant increase in the various enzyme activities, such as GOT, GPT and ALP in the flounder. The results of the present study led us to conclude that concentration of PCBs 3.0${\mu}g \; L^{-1}$ of the estuarine could markedly affect the hems tological distribution of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.242-248
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• 2013

Our objectives in this experiment were to study the effects of oils that are high in contents of unsaturated fatty acids (olive, flaxseed, and perilla oils) and pyroligneous liquor on plasma lipid concentrations in mice. Male ICR-mouse (n=10 per group) were fed powdered form diets containing oil and pyroligneous liquor for 60 days. The cholesterol level of the PP group ($96.71{\pm}25.75$ $mg/d{\ell}$) was lower than that of the COW group ($133.56{\pm}21.53$ $mg/d{\ell}$). Levels of triglyceride of COP, CFP, and CPP groups were $121.10{\pm}50.79$ $mg/d{\ell}$, $77.80{\pm}38.58$ $mg/d{\ell}$, and $92.40{\pm}33.04$ $mg/d{\ell}$, respectively (p<0.05). The dietary addition of olive oil increased the plasma lsevels of cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. On the other hand, the dietary addition of flaxseed oil and pyroligneous liquor increased the plasma level of HDL-cholesterol and decreased the plasma levels of LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride compared with those of the control group. Further, the dietary addition of perilla oil decreased plasma triglyceride but increased HDL-cholesterol. The decrease in the cholesterol level was much higher in the CFP group. In conclusion, the dietary addition of long-term pyroligneous liquor effectively decreased the plasma levels of cholesterol and triglyceride and increased the plasma level of HDL-cholesterol. The additional dietary administration of flaxseed and perilla oils increased the effect of pyroligneous liquor.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.130-136
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the quality properties of emulsion-type pork sausages when pork fat is replaced with vegetable oil mixtures during processing. Pork sausages were processed under six treatment conditions: T1 (20% pork fat), T2 (10% pork fat + 2% grape seed oil + 4% olive oil + 4% canola oil), T3 (4% grape seed oil + 16% canola oil), T4 (4% grape seed oil + 4% olive oil + 12% canola oil), T5 (4% grape seed oil + 8% olive oil + 8% canola oil), and T6 (4% grape seed oil + 12% olive oil + 4% canola oil). Proximate analysis showed significant (p<0.05) differences in the moisture, protein, and fat content among the emulsion-type pork sausages. Furthermore, replacement with vegetable oil mixtures significantly decreased the ash content (p<0.05), increased water-holding capacity in emulsion-type pork sausages. Also, cholesterol content in T6 was significantly lower than T2 (p<0.05). In the texture profile analysis, hardness and chewiness of emulsion-type pork sausages were significantly (p<0.05) decreased by vegetable oil mixtures replacement. On the contrary, cohesiveness and springiness in the T4 group were similar to those of group T1. The unsaturated fatty acid content in emulsion-type pork sausages was increased by vegetable oil mixtures replacement. Replacement of pork fat with mixed vegetable oils had no negative effects on the quality properties of emulsion-type pork sausages, and due to its reduced saturated fatty acid composition, the product had the quality characteristics of the healthy meat products desired by consumers.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.95-98
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• 2006

This study was performed to determine possibility of compensatory growth of juvenile olive flounder fed a commercial feed during the summer season. Five treatments of fish with triplicates were prepared: C, S1, S2, S3 and S4. Fish in the control group (C) was hand-fed with the commercial feed to apparent satiation twice daily for 6 days a week during 6 weeks. Fish in S1, S2, S3, and S4 experienced 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks of starvation before fed to satiation twice daily for 5, 4, 3, and 2 weeks, respectively. The feeding trial lasted far 6 weeks. Survival of flounder in C, S1 and S2 was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that offish in S4. Weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of flounder in C and S1 were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of fish in S2, S3 or S4. And weight gain and SGR of flounder in S2 and S3 were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of fish in S4. Feed consumption of flounder tended to increase with weeks of feeding. Feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio for flounder in C, S1, S2 and S3 were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those for fish in S4. Moisture content of the whole fish in C was lowest, but highest for fish in S4, respectively. Crude protein content of the whole fish in C was highest, but lowest far fish in S4, respectively. Crude lipid content of the whole fish in C, S1 and S2 was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of fish in S4. In conclusion, full compensatory growth was obtained in juvenile olive flounder fed for 5 weeks after 1-week feed deprivation during the summer season. Compensatory growth of fish was well supported by improvement in feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.661-667
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of partial replacement of wheat hay with sun-dried (SOC) or acid-treated SOC (ASOC) olive cake on nutrient intake and performance of Awassi lambs. An additional objective was to study the effects of acid treatment of olive cake (OC) on its chemical composition and nutritive value. On DM basis, sun-drying of OC did not dramatically affect its chemical composition. On the other hand, treating SOC with phosphoric acid decreased (p<0.05) SOC contents of neutral detergent fiber. Twenty seven male lambs ($17.6{\pm}0.75$ kg body weight) individually housed in shaded pens were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments (9 lambs/treatment). Dietary treatments were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous by replacing 50% of wheat hay in the control diet (CTL) with SOC or ASOC and to meet all nutrient requirements. Dietary treatments had no effects on nutrient intake or digestibility except for ether extract. Lambs fed the SOC diet had (p = 0.05) faster growth rate, greater final body weight, and greater total body weight gain in comparison with the CTL diet, but not different from the ASOC diet. Additionally, lambs fed the SOC diet had greater (p = 0.03) hot and cold carcass weights than the ASOC diet, but not different from the CTL diet. However, feed conversion ratios and dressing percentages were similar among dietary treatments. In conclusion, replacing half of dietary wheat hay with SOC improved performance of Awassi lambs with no detrimental effects on nutrients intake or digestibility. No further improvements in the nutritive value of SOC and lambs performance were detected when SOC was treated with acid.