• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.173-193
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• 2009

Objectives The purpose of this research is to find out the relationship between Zema 21 and in body based on the Sasang Constitutional difference of children. Methods We collected 1050 children from 5 years old to 15 years old who had been tested for both Zema21 and Inbody in OO oriental hospital from the period of September 1, January 1999 to August 31, 2008. This research investigated the Constitutional differences based on the relationship between Zema21 and Inbody. Results 1. It turned out that the children's height does not have a significant relationship between their age and gender. 2. Generally, Taeumin's weights were significantly high than those of Soyangin's and Soumin's in certain ages in children over 9 years old and in all genders. 3. The percentage of the body fat in Taeumin were significantly high than Soyangin and Soumin in certain ages in children over 10 years old and in all genders. 4. Waist-Hip ratio in Taeumin were significantly high than Soyangin and Soumin in male over 10 years old and in female over 13 years old of children. On the other hand, there was no relationship to the Soyangin and Soumin. 5. The obesity degree in Taeumin were significantly high in all female and male who were over 10 years old. Soyangin were the next highest group and Soumin follows. 6. Body Mass Index in Taeumin were significantly high in all genders who were over 10 years old. The second is Soyangin, and the lowest groupis Soumin. 7. The Basal Metabolic Rate resulted as significant in all age, although this does not have any relationship between age and gender. 8. Abdomen out in Taeumin were significantly high in ages over 10 and genders. The second is Soyangin and the lowest is Soumin. 9. Hip circumference Abdomen out in Taeumin were significantly high in ages over 10 and genders. Specially, Taeumin shows highest value, then the second is Soyangin, and the lowest is Soumin who were over 12 years old. Conclusions The results of Inbody were not significant to the children who were under 9 years old. Taeumin became significantly fat after over 10 years old. The results of Body Composition except height and Basal Metabolic Rate(MBR) were the highest in Taeumin, and Soyangin and Soumin were the second, and the third respectively.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.250-256
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• 2014

This study was carried out in order to seek social support direction by allowing them to recognize necessity of preparing for their stably old age life and by inquiring into the preparation for old age life targeting dental hygienists who work at dental clinics. It sent questionnaire by post to dental hygienists of 1,560 dental clinics, which were sampled with a stratified sampling method, and then conducted a cross-sectional study based on self-administration. As a result of a problem of being worried in old age life, the ratio with the response as saying of being 'economy' was indicated to be the highest. The ratio of financial preparation for old age was shown to be high with 84.3%. Its method was the highest in 'fixed deposit and installment savings' with 62.6%. The satisfaction with financial preparation for old age stood at averagely 2.60, thereby having shown to be dissatisfied. It was shown to be low with 2.97 in the mean score of physical preparation for old age life, 3.59 in emotional preparation, and 2.56 in preparation for leisure. In conclusion, the satisfaction with financial preparation for old age life in our country's dental hygienists was low. Even the physical, emotional, and leisure-based preparations were shown to be low. Hence, it is considered to be likely needed to be planned preparation for old age life from the 30s. Also, for this, Korean Dental Hygienists Association needs to positively develop several kinds of programs such as education, policy and system for old age life following these people's retirement.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.355-361
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• 2017

Pediatrics are more sensibility to radiation than adults and because they are organs that are not completely grown, they have a life expectancy that can be adversely affected by exposure. Therefore, the management of exposure dose is more important than the case of adult. The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of the 10 year old phantom for the 5 year old pediatric's recommendation and the incident surface dose, and to measure the organ absorbed dose. This study is compared the organ absorbed dose and the entrance surface dose in the clinical conditions at 5 and 10 years old pediatric. Clinical 5 year old condition was slightly higher than recommendation condition and 10 year old condition was very high. In addition, recommendation condition ESD was found to be 43% higher than the ESD of the 5 year old group and the ESD of the 10 year old group was 126% higher than that of the 5 year old group. The recommended ESD at 5 years old and the ESD according to clinical imaging conditions were 31.6%. There was no significant difference between the 5 year old recommended exposure conditions and the organ absorbed dose due to clinical exposure conditions, but there was a large difference between the Chest and Pelvic. However, it was found that there was a remarkable difference when comparing the organ absorbed dose by 10 year clinical exposure conditions. Therefore, more detailed standard exposure dose for the recommended dose of pediatric should be studied.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.292-297
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• 2015

This study was carried out to have the basic and applied informations relating to develop the cultivation methods and to increase the productivity and quality of ginseng. 1 to 6 year old ginsengs of Jakyung cultivar were cultivated and the content and synthetic amount of carbohydrates were investigated with different plant tissues, growth stages, and years old. The concentration of total carbohydrates at six year old ginseng including water soluble and water insoluble carbohydrates was about 18.9%, 42.9%, and 43,6% in leaves, tap roots, and lateral roots, respectively. Water soluble carbohydrate of tap and lateral roots was slightly decreased from August until September, and then increased on November, whereas its water insoluble carbohydrate was increased from August to September and then decreased on November. Comparing with the content of carbohydrates of 1 to 6 year old ginsengs, it was continuously increased from one year old ginseng until five year old ginseng, however it was not increased much in six year old ginseng. The highest content of carbohydrates was at five year-old in all tissues of ginseng. Water soluble and water insoluble carbohydrates were significantly shown different in leaves, stems, tap roots, and lateral root at different growth stages and with different years old. The content of water soluble carbohydrate in the leaves was remarkedly higher compared to that of water insoluble carbohydrate, while in the root the content of water insoluble carbohydrate was clearly higher compared to the water soluble carbohydrate. Comparing with the synthetic amount of carbohydrates, water soluble carbohydrates was higher in the shoot than that in the root, whereas water-insoluble carbohydrates higher in the root than that in the shoot. Carbohydrates which would be utilized in ginseng tissues for short and long-term periods as major energy were appeared differently in between shoot and root, with different growth stages, and years old.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.76-84
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• 2022

The study was conducted to analyze the impacts of COVID-19 on the number of dental trauma patients. Based on the data provided by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service's Healthcare Bigdata Hub, dental trauma which occurred from 2010 to 2020 was analyzed. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the incidence of dental trauma per 100,000 decreased compared to the average Incidence between 2017 to 2019. By age, it decreased by 5.4% (p = 0.017) for 0 - 4 years old, 30.3% (p < 0.001) for 5 - 9 years old, 39.5% (p < 0.001) for 10 - 14 years old, 14.5% (p = 0.002) for 15 - 19 years old, 1.3% for 20 - 29 years old, 0.2% for 40 - 49 years old, 2.7% for 50 - 59 years old, 1.2% for 60 years old or older, but it increased by 2.5% for 30 - 39 years old. Compared monthly, before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 confirmed patients, the number of dental trauma patients dropped sharply. After the outbreak of COVID-19, the incidence of dental trauma decreased significantly for under 20 years old, but the decrease was not significant for 20 years old or older.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.861-881
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• 2019

The purposes of this study are to examine the factors affecting retirement satisfaction, focusing on health, social activity and social security anticipation, and to compare the results between young-old and middle-old. A total of 860 retired people who live alone or live with their spouses were selected from 6th Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, and binomial logistic regression analysis was used to analyze 416 young-old(aged from 65 to 74) and 444 middle-old(aged from 75 to 83). The results are as follows. First, there was no significant difference in retirement satisfaction between young-old and middle-old. Second, when factors affecting retirement satisfaction was examined, young-olds showed hgher retirement satisfaction with higher perception of health condition and mental health condition, and showed lower retirement satisfaction with higher expectation of long-term care insurance. Middle-old was likely to show higher retirement satisfaction when they had better perspective on physical and mental health condition. The results of the study show that health condition of elderly is an important contributing factor in determining retirement satisfaction of the elderly. Based on the results of the study, political and practical suggestions were proposed to improve retirement satisfaction.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.302-307
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• 2010

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal factors on body weight at hatching (day-old) and at six weeks of age in a commercial broiler line. A total of 6,765 records on body weight at day-old (BWTDO) and 115,421 records on body weight at six weeks of age (BWT6W), originated from a commercial broiler line during 14 generations, were used to estimate genetic parameters related to the effects of maternal traits on body weight of chicks immediately after hatch or six weeks thereafter. The data were analyzed using restricted maximum likelihood procedure (REML) and an animal model with DFREML software. Direct heritability ($h^{2}{_a}$), maternal heritability ($h^{2}{_m}$), and maternal environmental variance as the proportions of phenotypic variance ($c^{2}$) for body weight at day-old were estimated to be 0.050, 0.351, and 0.173, respectively. The respective estimated values for body weight at six weeks of age were 0.340, 0.022, and 0.030. The correlation coefficient between direct and maternal genetic effects for six-week-old body weight was found to be -0.335. Covariance components and genetic correlations were estimated using a bivariate analysis based on the best model determined by a univariate analysis. Between weights at hatching and at six week-old, the values of -0.07, 0.53 and 0.47 were found for the direct additive genetic variance, maternal additive genetic variance and permanent maternal environmental variance, respectively. The estimated correlation between direct additive genetic effect influencing weight at hatch and direct additive maternal effect affecting weight at six weeks of age was -0.21, whereas the correlation value of 0.15 was estimated between direct additive maternal effect influencing weight at hatch and direct additive genetic effect affecting weight at six-week-old. From the present findings, it can be concluded that the maternal additive genetic effect observed for weight at six weeks of age might be a factor transferred from genes influencing weight at hatch to weight at six-week-old.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is dental technicians perception investigation about national health insurance of old persons denture in metropolitan area. Methods: A survey was performed on 103 subjects in metropolitan from January 14 to April 30 in 2009. The research tool was a structured questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed by frequency, descriptive and multiple linear regression. Results: Total dental technician who respond to questionnaire was 103(100.0%). Male respondent appeared by 66.0%. 30-year-old low respondent appeared by 60.2% and subjects lived the most in seoul(68.0%). When got married, was expose that realization about national health insurance of old person s denture was high(p<0.05). When made denture, was expose that realization about national health insurance of old person s denture was high(p<0.05). Also, When got married, was expose that necessity about national health insurance of old persons denture was high(p<0.001). Conclusion: When did national health insurance of old persons denture, there were a lot of problems. But, old people was need it. Therefore, I desire that this study is used to basic data of the national health insurance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.4
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• pp.502-512
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• 2000

Old-growth development for two different second-growth northern hardwood stands in the North America was evaluated with a computer simulation. The two sites compared were a representative 77 year old even-aged stand (Phelps) with heavy dominance by pole size classes, and an older uneven-aged stand with some existing old-growth structural features (Wildcat Creek). Each stand was evaluated in its natural progress toward old-growth structural conditions with stand structure, size distribution of live and dead trees, percent stand area in canopy gaps, and visual canopy profile and overhead view. The Phelps stand reached the minimum structural threshold for the old-growth stage after 74 years. Only 13 years was required for Wildcat Creek stand to reach the old-growth threshold. During the 45 years of simulation, the diameter distributions of both stands became broader and flatter. DBH distribution of dead trees had a general descending trend over the simulation in each stand. Gaps at Phelps were typically small after 45 years. Gap area at Wildcat Creek was somewhat more constant over the 45 years of simulation but a big gap was formed because of the death of several adjacent large trees.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.93-96
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• 2007

Research was taken its place in Dong wun elementary school in Gwang ju city. Subject ages were somewhere around 9 to 13. Among total number of 1,196, subjects with emmetropia were 384 people (32.1%), with 22.56% of 9 year old students, 16.01% of 10 year old student, 36.45% of 12 year old student, 39.11% of 13 year old. When age increases, the rate of emmetropia increase as well. Gender dependence of emmetropia rato was 31.07% for boys and 33.33% for girls, which proves girls with higher emmetropia ratio than boys. Among subjects with binocular vision acuity lower than 0.7, those require spectacles, only 37.5% of 9 years old students, 30.3% of 10 year old students, 44.64% of 12 year old students, and 30% of 9 year old students were wearing glasses. It shows that spectacle-wearing ratio is very low in spite of visual acuty lower than 0.7.