• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.117-128
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to identify related variables of preparation for old age and explore the differences of depression according to preparation for old age. The data were collected by structured questionnaire for a month. Subjects were 270 persons aged 20-60. The major findings of this study were as follows. First, There were significant differences in preparation for old age between age, subjective economical status, monthly family income, ownership of private house. Second, depression was significantly low in preparation group for old age compare to non-preparation group for old age. Preparation for old age should be planned to decrease depression and comfortable senescence in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.7
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• pp.1-14
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to provide specific size data for developing a standard dress form for Korean Females between the ages of 18 and 29. Differences in sizes between dress forms used in 18-24 year-old target brands and 25-29 year-old target brands and the human body were ascertained through direct anthropometric measurements. In the 18-24 year-old target brands. 83.0-83.8cm is suitable for the bust circumference of the dress form, while in the 25-29 year-old target brands, 85.0-86.0cm is suitable. The waist circumferences of most dress forms are similar except for the Japanese C form, and there is no difference between the two groups. For hip circumference in the 18-24 year-old target brands, about 90.0cm is suitable while the 25-29 year-old target brands use additional dress forms of 91.0-92.0cm. The center front length, neck tc waist length, and front interscye breadth is 1cm shorter and the back interscye breadth is 1cm longer than indicated by the 1997 National Anthropometric Survey data.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.103-107
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• 1999

In order to evaluate acute toxicity of Coptidis rhizoma, 6 week- and 13 week-old male ICR mice received Coptidis rhizoma extract (600~4,800 mg/kg body weight) orally, and toxicological responses were observed for consecutive 7 days. In the mice received relatively high concentration of Coptidis rhizoma($\geq$1,200mg/kg), death occurred within 3 hrs after oral administration, and its ratio in 13 week-old mice was conspicuously higher than that in 6 week-old mice. $LD_{50}$ of Coptidis rhizoma were estimated to bi 2,575 mg/kg and 1,490 mg/kg body weight in 6 week and 13 week-old mice, respectively. Coptidis rhizoma-treated animals manifested a variety of abnormal clinical findings such as ptosis, crouching, lethargy, convulsion, bizarre behavior and truning sideway. These abnormalities also ranked highly in the 13 week-old mice compared to those in the 6 week-old mice. In addition to abnormal behaviors, Coptidis rhizoma($\geq$1,200 mg/Kg) significantly elevated the urinary contents of bilirubin, urobilirubin, protein and glucose, and values in 13 week-old mice was higher than those in 6 week-old animals. No toxicological response was observed at concentration less than 600 mg/kg. Our results clearly demonstrate that susceptibility of mice to Coptidis rhizoma may be related with age, indicating that younger age mice is more resistant to the Coptidis rhizoma than the older, and toxicological mechanism of Coptidis rhizoma may be closely associated with its pharmacological mechanism.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1051-1060
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine the different communication messages behind African women's hairstyles, and to compare young and old African women's hairstyles. The contents of this research are: the hairstyle as communication media, the types of African women's hairstyles, and the difference between young and old women's hairstyles. We used a review of literature and an empirical study as the research methods for this study. For the literature review, we used papers on African hairstyles, and we linked hairstyles to corresponding communication. For the empirical study, we took a database of 240 pictures (120 pictures of young women and 120 pictures of old women) from websites related to African hairstyles and we analyzed the pictures to differentiate between young and old African women's hairstyles. The results of this study reveal that African women's hairstyles express messages of power, ceremony, and status and identification communication. Within the 240 pictures, we found out which hairstyles are preferred by young and old women. Young African women prefer long, straight hairstyles and artificial hair (wigs), while old women keep short, natural hairstyles. The result of this research will be useful for understanding African women's hairstyles as well as contribute to the field of hair design.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2002

This study was carried out to evaluate the Physicochemical characteristics of mined waste(separated waste and soil) and to predict environmental effect of an old landfill site located at north of Seoul. Municipal solid waster(MSW) had been disposed of at the old landfill site used in this study for about 2 years(1990-1992). The old landfill site selected for this study had accepted mainly municipal solid waste. The landfill-mined waste contained separated waste (40.9%) and soil(59.1%) by wet weight basis. The separated waste consisted of combustible(91.0%) and non-combustible(9.0%). The combustible waste was mainly non-biodegradable plastics. The low heating value of the separated combustible waste, which is calculated by Dulong's equation, was as high as 3,470kcal/kg. According to the Korean Extraction Procedure, separated waste and soil were proved to be not hazardous. The total content of heavy metal in the separated waste and soil met standard of California State, USA. Therefore the separated waste may be relandfilled at a sanitary landfill site and/or burned up at an incinerator, and the separated old soil may be used ad landfill cover-soil at a sanitary landfill site. Water quality of two streams was grade IV, of which water could be used as industrial and agricultural water. The streams near the landfill site might not be contaminated by leachate from the old landfill site. It was estimated that organic matter in the old landfill site would not be actively biodegraded within a short period of time.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 2017

This research intends to find out the impact of housing wealth of home-owning pre-retirees and older adults consisting of young-old, middle-old and old-old groups on their household consumption. In doing so, this research analyzes 2,350 home-owning households by utilizing the 17th Korean Labour and Income Panel Study (KLIPS). The results show that housing wealth has a statistically significant effect on non-durable consumption of the pre-retirees, and young-old and middle-old groups of older adults, and housing wealth has a much stronger effect on household expenditure than does financial wealth or real estate. It's found that the consumption elasticity is particularly greater for female-headed households living in SMA, residing in apartments, holding a lower debt-to-asset ratio and being a pensioner. The empirical findings imply that the old-old group of older adults is unlikely to actively tap into their housing windfalls since housing asset becomes the last to dispose in the course of an individual's life. As housing wealth effects are especially strong when liquidity constraints faced by older adults are removed, it's of significance to substantially reduce household debt before retirement in order to constantly maintain an adequate level of household consumption or to promptly prepare for future contingencies.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.9 no.1 s.17
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• pp.27-44
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between communication pattern and conflict between old parents and their adult children. For this purose, 380 adult children are surveyed therefore the answers of survey are described by adult children only. The number of old parents turn to be 230 old fathers and 301 old mothers respectively, there numbers have included the case both parents are alive. The data were analysed several method with SPSS and the methods used for the analysis are Factor analysis, one way ANOVA, Scheffe-Test, Pearson's Correlation, Multple Regression. The results of this study are summarizd as follows ; 1) Old parents's communication patterns differ each other and under many variables. 2) In the conflicts between old parents and adult children differ each other and under many variables, too. 3) The relationship between communication patterens and conflict between old parent and adult children turn to be as follows : Two communication styles ie, the autoritarian style and insincere style increse conflicts. Frendly style have negatve affect to conflicts and decreses the conflicts. Sacrifice style is turn to have slightly affect the conflict.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2010

The purpose of this study were to examine the perception and behavior for preparing their old age. In order to achieve this purpose, a survey was conducted with 723 adults from Daegu and Kyungpook. Major findings of this study are as follow: First, there were statistically significantly different perception for preparing their old age according to the personal variables such as gender, age, education, marriage status, occupation and income. Second, there were statistically significantly different perception for preparing their old age according to the elderly-related variables such as taken the elder program, interests in media for elderly, the opinion on living together with the aged, contact with aged and the opinion about contact with aged. Third, there were statistically significantly different behavior for preparing their old age according to the personal variables such as gender, age, religion, education, marriage status, occupation and income. Finally, there were statistically significantly different behavior for preparing their old age according to the elderly-related variables such as taken the elder program, interests in media for elderly, the opinion on living together with the aged and the opinion about contact with aged.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.947-950
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• 2013

Background: We performed this meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness and safety of axillary dissection in old women. Methods: The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched and all randomized controlled trials of axillary dissection in old women (at least 60 years old) were considered. Meta-analyses were completed using RevMan5.1. Results: Three eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 5,337 patients were considered. There was weak evidence in favour of axillary dissection (AD) in old women. The meta-analysis showed that the overall survival (OS) after 1, 3, 5 and 7 years and the disease free survival (DFS) after 1, 3 and 5 year were not statistically significantly different between AD and no AD groups. However, there was a difference in the 7 year DFS. Conclusions: Axillary dissection did not provide survival benefit to the old women with breast cancer analysed. Therefore, axillary dissection is not well-indicated in old women with breast cancer.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.281-284
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• 2007

The objective of this research is to provide basic information necessary to differentiate between ginseng (Panax ginseng) grown in woods environments and cultivated ginseng. The ginseng saponin (ginsenoside) contents of Korean woods-grown, 4 year-old cultivated, and 6 year-old cultivated ginsengs were determined via HPLC analysis. The total saponins in the woods-grown ginseng (0.648%) were approximately twice that of the 4 year-old cultivated (0.270%) and the 6 year-old cultivated ginsengs (0.280%). The protopanaxadiols (PD)/protopanaxatriols (PT) ratio of the woods-grown ginseng (3.258%) was higher than that of the 4 year-old cultivated (2.456%) and the 6 year-old cultivated ginsengs (2.183%). The $Rb_1/Rg_1$ ratio of the woods-grown ginseng (10.225%) was also higher than those of the 4 year-old cultivated (3.514%) and the 6 year-old cultivated ginsengs (4.865%).