• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.83-110
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of the problematic behavior for the demented elderly and the stress among family members, and the effects of the problematic behavior upon the stress in order to offer the basic data for the adult and the elderly health education about dementia. For this purpose, 70 families who were resident in Seoul and Inchon were surveyed by quetionnaires. This was carried out from 26 July, 1994 to 11 September, 1994. Datum was analysed by using SPSS\PC+ including percentage, mean, t - test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation. So, the results of this study were as follows: 1. In view of socia-demographic characteristics, female were 82.9%, and of the female daughters-in-law of the demented elderly were 44.9%. 40th years old were 32.9% and 88.6% wase married. The christian were 34.8%, those who graduated university 47.1%, and those who had a job 32.9%. 2. Of the demented elderly, female were 74.3%, 80 years old were 37.1%, and their average age was seventy-seven point one years old. 66.2% of the elderly has been lived alone and the christian were 27.5%. In addition, those who graduated elementary school were 66.5%. 3. Of the behavior problem for the demented elderly, Activities of the Daily Living(ADL) was the most severe problem. The 2nd was cognitive function problem, the 3th, change of personality, the 4th, emotional disturbance, and the last, misconduct behavior. 4. For the status of behavior problems, females were more severe than male, and 80th years elderly ware the most severe groups. The longer disease period was, the severe problematic behaviors were, and in 4-6 years of the disease period the status was the highest(p＜0.05). Those who diagnosed the disease had more severe problems(p＜0.001). 5. The orders of the stress among family members caring for the demented elderly in this study were as follows : 1. The deficiency of supporting network 2. Decrease of elderly's cognitive activities 3. Assistance of BADL(Basic Activities of Daily Living) 6. Elderly's abnormal behavior 5. Assistance of IADL(Instrumental Activities of Daily Living), 6. As for the status of the stress among family members, female respondants were higher than male. On the ages, 20th years' stress score were the highest. Daughters-in-law were stressed more than other family members. The longer the time of caring per day was, the highest the status of the stress(p＜0.05), 7. Those who caring for female elderly and more than 80 years had more stressed. When the elderly was received the diagnosis, the family members were more stressed. On the disease period, 1-2 years was the highest and after 2 years the status of the stress was decreased and more than 6 years was the lowest(p＜0.05). 8. Behavior problems of the demented elderly were closely associated to the stress for family members. Of the problems, change of personality was the most related factor(r = 0.6552). The factors of Basic Activities of the Daily Living(BADL) was most correlated on assistance of Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL), emotional disturbance the assistance of IADL(Instrumental Activities of Daily Living). Change of personality was most related to the stress of the decrease of cognitive activities and elderly's abnormal behavior. The deficiency of supporting network was most related to misconduct behavior.

• 천문학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.241-244
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• 2005

We have analysed near-infrared JHKL observations of the members of the $\approx$9 Myr-old $\eta$ Chamaeleontis cluster. Using (J - H)/(K - L) and (H - K)/(K - L) IR colour-colour diagrams for the brightest 15 members of the cluster, we find the fraction of stellar systems with near-IR excess emission was 0.60 $\pm$ 0.13 (2$\sigma$). For the CTT and WTT star population, we also find a strong correlation between the IR excess and Ha emission which is also known as an accretion indicator. The (K - L) excess of these stars appears to indicate a wide range of star-disk activity; from a CTT star with high levels of accretion, to CTT - WTT transitional objects with evidence for some on-going accretion, and WTT stars with weak or absent IR excesses. Among the brightest 15 members, four stars (RECX 5, 9, 11 and ECHA J0843.3-7905) with IR excesses ${\Delta}$(K - L) > 0.4 mag and strong or variable optical emission were identified as likely experiencing on-going mass accretion from their circumstellar disks which we confirmed their accretion disks from the optical high-resolution echelle spectroscopic study. The result-ing accretion fraction of 0.27 $\pm$ 0.13 (2$\sigma$) suggests that the accretion phase, in addition to the disks themselves, can endure for at least ${\~}$10 Myr.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.102-115
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted in commemoration of the 40th Anniversary of the Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing [KACHN]. Methods: Primary and secondary sources were collected and analyzed to show changes that KACHN has experienced. Results: In the 1970s it made the annual meeting regular and began research presentation. In the1980s regular symposiums were activated and as a result the academy could publish its own journal from 1989. In the 1990s the boards were selected from locals by turns and lots of papers and teaching materials were produced from collaborate researches of the members. In the 2000s, the journal was selected by the National Research Foundation in Korea and the academy began regular Korea-Japan Community Health Nursing Conference and hosted the 5th ICCHNR. Conclusion: In spite of great development, KACHN has new challenges. The number of members has increased so much that there are a few academies specialized in some fields of community health nursing. They have made the members' interest and loyalty weaker than during the pioneer days. KACHN should take the new role as a leader of international community health nursing research as well as the old role as a leader of Korean community health nursing research.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2011

China's proposal of the CAFTA (China-ASEAN Free Trade Area) in 2001 prompted a great debate about whether China was a trade competitor of ASEAN, given their similarity in economic development levels and trade/export structures. That Beijing shifted its focus on economic cooperation from the international level to the regional level led to its proposal of the CAFTA. As the Framework Agreement (Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation between China and ASEAN) showed, Beijing's careful consideration for four newer ASEAN members (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam) intended not only to help all ASEAN members develop economically, but also to narrow the economic gap existing between them and the six old ASEAN members; in return, China was recognized as a full market economy, which it is not currently recognized within the framework of the WTO. The substantial rise in bilateral trade and the structural changes of the trade in goods between China and ASEAN member nations after 2001 proves that ASEAN benefited more from the CAFTA, particularly when the areas where ASEAN had the comparative advantages were designated as the priority cooperation areas between China and ASEAN. In sum, similarities existing in economic development levels and industrial structures between China and ASEAN made them natural economic competitors. However, closer studies of trade in goods of S1-7, S1-6 and S1-0 reveal that China acted as an increasingly complementary trade partner of ASEAN after 2001.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.52-70
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• 2009

Department store has actively expanded cultural center services by providing a series of educational courses in order to increase customer visits, enhance customer satisfaction, and ultimately increase sales. In this study, cultural center members' shopping behaviors and image building of the department store were explored through focus group interviews. Results generated from a total of 7 focus group interviews with female cultural center members in their 30's through 60's are as follows. First, the consumer group who attends courses for their own purpose is 45 to 55 year-old female customers who are actively involved in consumption at the department store for their own clothing, food and restaurant. They are not often engaged in impulsive either group shopping for clothing. They are satisfied with class quality compared to low tuition whereas dissatisfied with busy schedule of a lecture room and lack of special discount benefits for members. Second, the other consumer group who attends courses for their children is consumers in their 30's. They are charged in shopping for clothing for their husbands, children, and themselves. They are suffering time poverty due to nurturing their children, therefore, they want to shop more in the department store on the day of class. However, expensive kids-care facilities are barriers to do it. Convenience, familiarity and center of culture are important images of the department store, developed through frequent visits of these customers. Eight implications for marketing strategies were generated based on study results.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2004년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.135-142
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• 2004

Two-step identification approach for effective bridge health monitoring is proposed to alleviate the issues associated with many unknown parameters faced in the real structures and to improve the accuracy in the estimate results. It is suitable for on-line monitoring scheme, since the damage assessment is not always needed to be carried out whereas the alarming for damages is to be continuously monitored. In the first step for screening potential damaged members, damage indicator method based on modal strain energy, probabilistic neural networks and the conventional neural networks using grouping technique are used and then the conventional neural network technique is utilized for damage assessment on the screened members in the second step. The proposed methods are verified through a field test on the northern-most span of old Hannam Grand Bridge.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.286-289
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• 2006

Headed bars have used to the anchoring of the tension or compression longitudinal bars and of the shear reinforcing bars. Recently, lap splices of headed bars are attempted to the joints of precast concrete members and to the connections between old and new concrete members. Previous Michael's experimental research showed that confinement details had an effect on the lap splice performances of headed bars. In this study, the lap splice performances of headed bars(D25) with lap length and confinement details are evaluated through the experimental works. Four specimens, of which variables were the lap length of headed bar and the type of confine details, were tested for the performance evaluation on lap splice. Test results show that the lap length confinement reinforcement improve the performance of lap splice.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to find out adolescents' and their mothers' responses to the minimum standard of age suggested by previous research not to share bedroom among parents and child, children of the opposite sex, or children of the same sex. The data from 310 pairs of junior school students and their mothers were analyzed. The results showed that the percentages of agreements to the suggested ages were not the same. Adolescents were in general more likely flexible to the minimum age than were their mothers. The age standard of the opposite sex children over 10 years old must not share a bedroom was the most agreeable both to child and mother. Both mother and adolescents' children were more likely flexible to the rule that parents should not should not share a bedroom with a child over age 5. However, they were serious about sharing a bedroom between same sex children regardless age. Further research should reveal precisely the age standard represent the high agreement among the family members.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.75-95
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• 2006

Two-step identification approaches for effective bridge health monitoring are proposed to alleviate the issues associated with many unknown parameters faced in real structures and to improve the accuracy in the estimate results. It is suitable for on-line monitoring scheme, since the damage assessment is not always needed to be carried out whereas the alarming for damages is to be continuously monitored. In the first step for screening potentially damaged members, a damage indicator method based on modal strain energy, probabilistic neural networks and the conventional neural networks using grouping technique are utilized and then the conventional neural networks technique is utilized for damage assessment on the screened members in the second step. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is investigated through a field test on the northern-most span of the old Hannam Grand Bridge over the Han River in Seoul, Korea.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.285-293
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the spiritual well-being and spiritual care of hospice team members. Method: Between December 2005 and February 2006, a questionnaire was given to 192 hospice team members. The instruments used in this study were the Spiritual Well-Being Scale(SWBS) developed by Paloutzian, & Ellison(1984), and a Spiritual Care Performance Scale developed by the authors. Results: The levels of spiritual well-being were relatively high: significantly lower in the 25-29 years old, in the unmarried, and in the 1-2 million won income groups, and significantly higher in Protestants, Catholics, clergy, and volunteers. The levels of performance of spiritual care were intermediate; significantly higher in clergy, and those with 10 or more years of experience. There was a positive correlation between: levels of spiritual well-being and age; levels of spiritual well-being and performance of spiritual care; and levels of performance of spiritual care and age. The factors affecting the levels of spiritual well-being included religion, age, and performance of spiritual care. The factors affecting the levels of performance of spiritual care were the years of hospice experience and spiritual well-being. Conclusion: Because there was a positive correlation between levels of spiritual well-being and performance of spiritual care, there is a need to develop a strategies to increase the spiritual well-being of hospice team members.