• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2000

Antibody responses in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with active and chronic paragonimiasis and in sera from patients on whom follow-up studies were done after praziquantel treatment were analyzed using antigens of Paragonimus westermani prepared from eggs, metacercariae, juveniles of 4-and 7-week old, adult worms and recombinant protein of 28 kDa cruzipain-like cysteine protease (rPw28CCP). The patient sera/CSFs of active and chronic paragonimiasis revealed strong antibody reactions against the crude extracts of 4-and 7-week old juveniles as well as against those from egg and adult. rPw28CCP also showed specific reaction to the sera with active paragonimiasis. After the treatment, levels of specific antibodies in the sera gradually decreased to negative range in most patients. In some cases with persisting high antibody levels, however, the reactions at 27 kDa egg Protein were sustained throughout the observation period of 34 months. The reactions at 35 and 32 kDa in adult extract and rPw28CCP disappeared rapidly after the treatment. Persistent antibody reactions even after successful treatment are provoked by continuous antigenic challenge from eggs which were not resolved by treatment.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate sodium and potassium balances, as well as correlations among the relating factors in adult males and females. We collected blood, urine and feces samples as well as a dietary intake survey from 50 subjects. Then, we analyzed the sodium and potassium contents in blood, urine and feces, and evaluated their state of balance. The average ages of the study targets were 24.7 years old for males and 22.8 years old for females. The daily energy intake by the males was 1733.4 kcal and by the females was 1570.3 kcal. Sodium intakes were 138.3 mEq and 127.5 mEq for males and females, respectively. Potassium intakes were 43.1 mEq and 49.3 mEq, respectively. The daily excretions of sodium through urine were 136.6 mEq by males and 97.0 mEq by females and the excretions through feces were 2.2 mEq and 2.0 mEq, respectively. The daily excretions of potassium through urine were 20.2 mEq and 16.5 mEq by males and females respectively, and the excretions through feces were 7.7 mEq and 7.5 mEq male to female. The retention rates of sodium were 11.7% and 14.1% male to female, respectively, and the apparent absorption rates were 98.5% and 97.8%. Additionally, the retention rates of potassium were 32.9% and 39.8% and the apparent absorptions were 81.9% and 81.3%, both male and female. It was noted that, overall, the sodium intake of adult males and females is still higher than the recommended daily sodium intake, while the potassium intakes and excretions were found to be lower. Based on the results of this study, nutritional guidance and education is recommended to encourage decreased sodium intake and increased potassium intake, according to recommended standards.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.188-202
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• 2018

This study aimed to categorize women's body shapes by type after extracting prototypes of 25~34 year old Korean woman. The standardizing research service project conducted by the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy in 2005, divided the age ranges of adult women into three groups: 18~24 years (young), 25~34 years (young-adult) and 35~49 years (adult). This study utilized this age division method to create a concrete body type categorization schema with the most marriageable period, 25 to 34 years old as target age the target age group. We used, measurement data from the 7th Korean Human Body Size Survey (Size Korea) for the body shape analysis. We completed a statistical analysis using the statistical program SPSS 21. After creating the body types using CLO 3D, which is based on the 7th Korean human body measurements, we input data for the average size for each type into the Avata. We then compared and analyzed the cross sections using the Rapidform XOR program. The results of the type-specific characteristics are as follows: big square body of obese body, small square body of plain flat body with tall, plain square body of plain flat with short, triangular body of lower body obesity there was. Significantly, the results of this study should facilitate the development of various apparel products using mass customization or easy-order systems.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.369-386
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine which aspects of coresident intergenerational relationships were associated with the life satisfaction of unmarried children in established adulthood and of their parents. In this study, the coresident relationship characteristics included support exchange, emotion, interference-conflict, and perceptions of coresidence. Data were collected from (a) 250 never-married adults who were 35+ years old and lived in Seoul with at least one parent aged 75 years or younger and (b) 250 older adults who were 75 years old or younger and had at least one unmarried child aged 35+ years living in the same household. Our multiple regression analysis of unmarried children showed that the adult child's financial support, the adult child's psychological reliance on parents, the parent's psychological reliance on the child, and relationship quality were significantly related to higher levels of life satisfaction. In contrast, the parent's daily interference, daily conflicts, and anticipation of future care of parents were related to lower levels of life satisfaction. Second, the characteristics that were positively associated with the parent's life satisfaction were the parent's instrumental support, relationship quality, the coresident child's daily interference, positive perceptions of intergenerational coresidence, and expectation of future care of parents. In contrast, the parent's financial support, daily conflicts with the child, and taking intergenerational coresidence for granted were negatively related to the parent's life satisfaction. This study advances our understanding of coresidence between unmarried children in established adulthood and their older parents by focusing on the multiple aspects of intergenerational coresidence.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.223-228
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• 2004

This study investigated the use of grammatical markers of Korean speaking children(from 3 to 8 years old) and adults. Participants had no problem of speech and language. In this paper we examined the usage of grammatical markers were increasing from 3 to 8 years old even though it was still increasing after 8 years old. Specifically, they used subjective marker and adverb marker at all ages in large. A few adjective marker were used at all age group including adults. But the frequency of objective marker is increasing from 3 to adults. The pattern of usage is getting similar to adult's. The present study was also designed to investigate the characteristics of children's errors of grammatical markers. Results showed that there were a little differences among the age-groups. The substitution errors were occurred most frequently in all age-groups.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.17-20
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• 2000

Adenovirus which is an important infectious viral agent in respiratory and alimentary tract was investigated in Pusan, 1999. Fifteen cases of adenovirus were detected from stools and throat swabs of suspected patients. Two cases of enteric adenovirus were detected from a 5 years old boy and a 6-month-old boy. Thirteen cases of respiratory adenoviruses were detected from children aged under 10 years old and one adult. From respiratory specimens, 1 case of adenovirus type 2, 1 case of type 5, and 11 cases of type 3 were found. Enterotype 41 was detected from fecal preparations. Adenoviruses appeared mostly during winter months, January, February and December. Adenovirus showed a slowly progressive cytopathic effect on HEp-2 cells, Vero cells and BGM cells at 37$^{\circ}C$, in a 5-7% $CO_{2}$ incubation. An electron microscopic observation exhibited non-enveloped icosahedron with a diameter of 70nm. No significant differences on cytopathic effect and morphological features have been found from specimens of either alimentary tract or respiratory secretions.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.2 s.82
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• pp.223-229
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• 2007

Present study aims to investigate the topical distribution of pupal stage specific cuticle protein and its temporal and spatial role during the wing formation of Artogeia rapae. ArCP27(27 kd cuticle protein) was identified as pupal stage specific cuticle protein in cuticle tissues and has not shown any qualitative differences by local portions of body. ArCP27 maintained constant concentration just after pupal ecdysis to 5-day old pupal stage but thereafter decreased. In fat body, ArCP27 was found in both thoracic and abdominal fat body from the last larval to pupal stage. In wing cuticle, ArCP27 began to find from 5-day old pupal stage. Immunologically ArCP27 in thoracic and abdominal cuticle has the response against the ArCP27 at 5-day old pupa but since then has no response. But the antibody against ArCP27 has reacted to 5- and 7-day old pupal and adult wing protein. $^3H-leucine$ was not incorporated into ArCP27 in 5- and 7-day old thoracic and abdominal cuticle but was incorporated into ArCP27 in 7-day old wing cuticle and adult wing, suggesting that ArCP27 partly participates the wing cuticle formation by the process of digestion and reabsorption of old cuticle.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.330-336
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• 2011

A comparative study was conducted on genetic correlation between 12 open-pollinated families (32-year-old) and their one-year-old seedlings for early selection on the fast-growing trait in Pinus densiflora S. et Z.. Those twelve families were divided into three groups such as superior, intermediate, and inferior, on the base of the growth indexes of 32-year-old P. densiflora. The growth performance of the 32-year-old P. densiflora showed significant correlation with the growth traits of their one-year-old seedlings. Dry weights of the seedlings had significant correlation (P < 0.01) with the growth index of the adult plants and its $R^2$ value was 0.597, suggesting that 59.7% of the families could be selected by using dry weights of one-year-old seedlings. Furthermore, the growth rates of seedling heights for superior, intermediate, and inferior groups were 4.568, 3.773, and 3.535, respectively, resulting that seedlings of the superior group grew approximately 1.3-fold faster than those of the inferior group. Therefore, we concluded that two growth traits of one-year-old seedlings dry weight and growth rate were suppose to the early selection factors for the fast-growing trait for P. densiflora.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.195-200
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• 1986

In order to know when the cumulus cells of mouse follicles get ability to expand in vitro, the oocyte cumulus complexes obtained from different growing ages of mice were cultured in the medium containing HCG and their rate of expansion were observed and at the same time their maturation rate was examined. The growth of follicles was also checked by histological method. It was impossible to isolate the oocyte-cumulus complexes from 13 or 15 days old mouse ovaries. The oocyte-cumulus complexes collected from 17 days old mouse were partially induced to expanded by HCG, and from 19 days, most of the complexes were induced to full expansion. The rate of cumulus cell expansion by HCG and the oocyte maturation increased steadly during the growing ages to adult. Thus, the time for follicles to get competence for expansion and maturation seems to be closely related. Antral follicles were appeared from 17 days old mice and Graafian follicles were seen from 21 days old mice. The competence for cumulus expansion increased during follicle growth up to 21 days old mice.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 2019

Objective: The study looked at the relationship between the mother's adult attachment, the children's problematic behavior and the mother's nurturing attitude. In doing so, this study tried to determine whether the mother's nurturing attitude would play a moderating role in the context of the effect of mother' adult attachment on the children's problematic behavior. Methods: we surveyed 352 mothers of 3~5 year old infants who were financially dependent on day care centers. Results: The problematic behavior of being daunted is high when mothers' adult attachment of avoidance is high and when mothers have low level of controlling pattern in their nurturing of their children. The problematic behavior of anxiety and depression was observed when adult attachment of anxiety was high and low level of controlling pattern in their nurturing. Meanwhile, when the externalized problematic behaviors were examined, no interaction effect of mothers' adult attachment and nurturing pattern was observed in all sub-levels of the children's externalized problematic behaviors. Conclusion/Implications: We could see how the influence of parenting attitude appears in mothers with unstable adult attachment. In addition, mothers with unstable adult attachment may be able to confirm that the quality of the interaction of the parent-child relationship and the form of the child's problem behavior differ according to the level of the mother's parenting attitude in the child's problem behavior. The results of this study showed that mothers with unstable adult attachment differed in the form of problem behaviors of infants according to mother's parenting attitude in infant problem behaviors.