• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.998-1004
• /
• 1995

This study was carried out in order to investigate the browning reaction of fish oil-amino acid model system at different temperatures and watger activities. The 23 amino acids, induced during dehydration in the presence of oil and avicel(5 to $45^{\circ}C$), Aw 0.33 to 0.95, were resulted in three types of browning patterns : Type I showed high browning rates at Aw 0.33, 0.95 than at Aw 0.52, 0.75(phenylalanine, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, methionine, valine). Type II showed high browning rates decreased with increasing water activity(poline, leucine, isoleucine, arginine). Type III showed high browning rates at Aw 0.52, 0.75 than at Aw 0.33, 0.95(tryptophan, cystein, threonine, lysine). The temperature effect on the browning development of the four most active amino acids : phenylalanine, valine, trnas-4-hydroxy-proline and methionine are shown to represent the 23 amino acids. Above $25^{\circ}C$ the browning rate began to increase. Activation energy of the amino acids-fish oil was 8 to 40kcal/mole, and $Q_{10}$ were 2 to 10.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.185-190
• /
• 2003

Synchronizer ring performance is strictly required in order to extend manual transmission oil drain interval. Zn type additive, which is used as dispersant and anti-wear additive instead of SP additives in manual transmission oil, is applied to improve Synchronizing function and durability. But only Zn type additive is not suitable for high torque transmission because it has not good extreme pressure characteristics. We research on the synchronizer friction and extreme pressure properties in according to change additive types. As a result, it was found that the use of non-active extreme pressure and friction modifier additives has benefit in the improvement of synchronizer friction characteristics and durability.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.141-147
• /
• 2012

This work describes the characteristics of $Malassezia$ $pachydermatis$ isolated from dog ear canals and the effect of essential oils on the growth of this organism. Sterile cotton swabs were used to collect specimens from the external ear canal and culture tests were performed to detect the population size of $Malassezia$ yeast. Using three different isolation media, included Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) to isolate common $M.$ $pachydermatis$, and SDA supplemented with olive oil (SDAO) and Leeming's medium (LM) to detect lipophilic yeast, $Malassezia$ spp were isolated from 14 of 18 dogs (77.8%); isolation rates were 33.3% in SDA, 72.2% in SDAO and 66.7% in LM media. All $Malassezia$ spp isolates were identified as $M.$ $pachydermatis$ according to results of PCR amplification, but gross colony morphology and SDA growth rates suggested four different subtypes. Large (LC) and medium colony (MC) types respectively describe large colony (diameter > 3 mm) and medium colony (around 2 mm) after 72 hour incubation, and small (SC) type refers to smaller colony (< 1 mm) even after 5 days incubation; lipid dependent colonies did not grow onto SDA. Large Colony type strains were isolated from 4, 11, and 11 samples, MC type strains from 2, 3 and 1 and SC type strains from 1, 2 and 1 in SDA, SDAO and LM, respectively. Lipid-dependent $M.$ $pachydermatis$ (Lipo) were isolated from 3 samples each in SDAO and LM. Anti-$M.$ $pachydermatis$ activity testing was done using disc-diffusion assays and well diffusion tests. Most essential oils inhibited the growth of $M.$ $pachydermatis$ in a range from 0.5% to 1.0% of essential oils. MIC90 and MIC50 were variable depending upon the nature of essential oils. Thyme oil was found to be highly effective in inhibiting the growth of $M.$ $pachydermatis$ in a range from 0.125% to 0.0625% while marjoram and then tea tree oil exhibited lower inhibitory capacity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.264-274
• /
• 2019

This study attempted to analyze the effects of cleansing oil on skin by preferred vegetable base oil. For this, a questionnaire survey was performed against 100 people, and their face washing habit and preferred vegetable base oils were examined. Based on the results, 4 different cleansing oils were prepared and experimented. The experiment was conducted against 10 adult women in their 20-30s, and moisture level, sebum level and trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) before and after the experiment were measured. After the test, satisfaction was measured, and the results found the followings: When asked what cleansing oil is most preferred by vegetable base oil type, 'rose hip oil' was the highest, followed by 'olive oil', 'apricot kernel oil' and 'camellia oil'. According to the clinical trials, both moisture and sebum levels increased before and after cleansing in all four cleansing oil types by the preferred vegetable base oil (p<0.001, p<0.001). In addition, TEWL decreased with a difference by base oil (p<0.01). According to a subjective satisfaction survey which was performed after the experiment, rose hip oil-contained cleansing oil (RHC) was the highest in terms of cleansing effect and satisfaction level. Consequently, it was confirmed that the cleansing oil by vegetable base oil improved skin conditions by protecting a skin barrier with a positive effect on the improvement of sebum and moisture levels and TEWL. Even though a preferred oil type and a satisfaction level may differ by preferred oil and feeling after use, cleansing oil by vegetable base can be helpful as a skin care product which eases skin dryness and protects a skin barrier.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.403-412
• /
• 2004

Waste water-soluble cutting oil was treated with WI type #1 and WI type #2. The properties of the original water-soluble cutting oil were pH=l0.4, viscosity=1.4cP, CODcr=44,750 ppm, and TOC=10,569 ppm. However, the properties of the oil used for more than 3 months were changed to pH=7.82, viscosity=2.1cP, CODcr=151,000 ppm, and TOC=74,556 ppm. It might be attributed to the fact that molecular chains were cut due to thermal oxidation and impurities such as metal chips were incorporated in to the oil during the operation processes. To prevent the putrefaction of oil, the sterilization effect of ozone and UV on the microorganism in the oil was investigated. Ozone treatment showed that 99.99% of the microorganism was annihilated with 30 minutes contact time and 60 minutes were necessary for the same effect when UV was used. Ozone treatment could cut molecular chains of the oil due to strong sterilization power, which was evidenced by the increase of TOC from 25,132 ppm at instantaneous contact to 28,888 ppm at 30 minutes contact time. However, UV treatment didn't show severe changes in TOC values and thus, seemed to cause of severe cut of molecular chains. When the activated carbon was used to treat the waste water-soluble cutting oil, TOC decreased to 25,417 ppm with 0.lg carbon and to 15,946 ppm with 5.0g carbon. This results indicated that the waste oil of small molecular chains could be eliminated by adsorption. From the results, it could be concluded that these treatment techniques could be proposed to remove the waste oil of small molecular chains resulting in the degradation of the oil properties. In addition, these experimental results could be used for the correlation with future works such as investigation of the molecular distribution according to the sizes, lengths, and molecular weight of the chains.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.25 no.4 s.34
• /
• pp.123-131
• /
• 1999

Liquid crystal known as a rheological barrier to coalescence of oil droplets, increases emulsion stability, water-holding capacity and promotes active material penetration to skin. Some investigation for its rheological characteristics have been reported but its relations to consumer perception have been rarely published. In this study, oil/water emulsion and oil/liquid crystal/water systems were manufactured using the same composition or Behenyltrimethylammonium chloride/Cetostearyl alcohol/Lanolin oil. and rheological properties or each system were investigated with Cone and Plate rheometer. The formation of liquid crystalline phase was observed with polarized microscope and Differential Scanning Calorimeter. Continuous shear experiment, creep, yield and water holding capacity were measured for oil/water and oil/liquid crystal/water systems. The results were compared with sensory evaluations. Oil/liquid crystal/water system showed higher,viscosity at the same shear rate. higher viscoelasticity and higher yield stress than oil/water system. These properties were expected to show good spreadability and excellent richness without waxiness in hair can: products of creme type. This expectation was consistent with the results of sensory experiments. Water-holding capacity was evaluated by measuring residual water of specimens at specific temperature and relative humidity. Oil/liquid crystal/water system was proved to have higher ability to hold water in comparison with oil/water system. The results indicated that oil/liquid crystal/water system was of benefit to rheological properties creme type hair care products.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
• /
• 1999.10a
• /
• pp.123-131
• /
• 1999

Liquid crystal known as a rheological barrier to coaleseence of oil dorplets. increases. emulsion stability, water-holding capacity and promotes active material penetration to skin. Some investigation for its rheological characteristics have been reported but its relations to consumer perception have been rarely published. In this study oil/water emulsion and oil/liquid crystal/water systems were manufactured using the same composition of Behenyltrimethylammonium chloride/Cetostearyl alcohol/Lanolin oil. and rheological properties of each system were investigated with Cone and Plate rheometer. The formation of liquid crystalline phase was observed with polarized microscope and Differential Scanning Calorimeter. Continuous shear experiment, creep yield and water holding capacity were measured for oil/water and oil/liquid crystal/water systems. The results were compared with sensory evaluations. Oil/liquid crystal/water system showed higher viscosity at the same shear rate, higher viscoelasticity and higher yield stress than oil/water system. These properties were expected to show good spreadability and excellent richness without waxiness I hair care products of creme type. This expectation was consistent with the results of sensory experiments. Water-holding capacity was evaluated by measuring residual water of specimens at specific temperature and relative humidity, Oil/liquid crystal/water system was proved to have ability to hold water in comparison with oil/water system. The results indicated that oil/liquid crystal/water system was of benefit to rheological properties creme type hair care products.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.266-271
• /
• 2014

Chemical sensors are used in various industrial facilities such high-risk and prevent the leakage of substances, important in life and environmental protection and the safe use of industry, used for management. In particular, high-temperature environments such as power generation equipment of the rotating part due to leakage generated by the various oil, power plants Shut Down, fire, work environment (exposure to various chemical solution and gas leak) and various water, air and soil pollution causes. Thus, over the long term through various channels such as crops and groundwater contamination caused by the slow, serious adverse effect on the ecosystem. In this paper, synthetic lube oil and high pressure hydraulic fluid leakage and immediately detect a new Printed Electronic implementation of technology-based film-type sensors, and its performance test. Thus, industrial accidents and environmental pollution and for early detection of problems, large accidents can be prevented. Experimental results of the synthetic lube oil and high pressure hydraulic fluid solution after the contact time depending on the experiment and the oil solution of the sensor material of the conductive porous PE resistance value by a chemical reaction could be confirmed that rapid increase. Also implemented in the film-type oil sensor electrical resistance change over time of the reaction rate and the synthetic lube oil is about 2 minutes or less, the high pressure hydraulic fluid is less than about 1 minute was. Therefore, more high-pressure hydraulic fluid such as a low volatility synthetic lube oils are the resistance change and the reaction rate was confirmed to be the slowest.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.52-60
• /
• 2001

The need to control the oil content in oily bilge water discharges to meet the increasing stringent seawater pollution standards has led to the development of gravity type separators. Among the several gravitational methods, a plate type oily water separator can be used as an assistant equipment for the oil filtering system to meet the present IMO standard of 15 ppm, because it is believed to be an efficient method dealing with a large amount of rich oil with high specific gravity. The purpose of this paper is to examine the efficiency of oil/water separation with the characteristics of separating plate arrangement. An experimental study was carried out to analyse an efficient treatment oil-water mixture with variation of operating parameters, including flow rates, inlet oil concentrations and the height between the plates. The experimental results show that the height between the plates has a significant effect on the separation efficiency. The best efficiency was acquired when the ration of the height between the plates the plates to distance(H/Ci) was 2 with lower inlet oil concentration and lower flow rate.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 1998

The objective of this study was to observe the effect of dietary calcium(Ca) level on colonic mucosal levels of cell proliferation, 1, 2-diacylglycerol(DAG), TXB2, PGE2 and phospholipid fatty acid composition which have been known as biomarkers for colon cancer. One hundred male Sprague Dawley rats, at 7 weeks of age, were divided into two fat type groups. Each group of which was further divided into two Ca level groups. Each rt was intramuscularly injected with 1, 2,-dimenthylhydrazine(DMH) for 6 weeks (total dose of 180mg/kg body weight) and simultaneously fed one of four experimental diets containing 15% dietary fat(corn oil or perilla oil )and 0.3% or 1.0% Ca by weight for 20 weeks. Compared to corn oil, perilla oil significantly reduced cell proliferation by decreasing labeling index, proliferating zone, crypt length in colonic mucosa and colonic mucosa and colonic mucosal levels of DAG, TXB2 . PGE2 and phospolipid (PL) arachidonic acid distribution. The effect of Ca on biomarketrs was different depending on the type of dietary fat comsumed . Ca effect of Ca on biomarkers was different depending on the type of dietary fat comsumed. Ca effect was not significantly shown in the PO group, but it was significant in the CO group in which high Ca(1.0%) decreased the levels of levels of PL-C20 : 4(%), DAG and PGE2 . However , high Ca supplementation had shown only the trends of improving cell proliferation. Overall , high dietary Ca significantly reduced cell proliferation by inhibiting the synthesis of eicosanoid and DAG with reduced distribution of PL-C20 : 4 , which may have resulted in lower activation of PKC through reduced signal transduction. Since a high level of dietary Ca was more effective in reducing the risk factor against colon cancer in corn oil fed rats, it could be suggested that a higher amount of dietary Ca be consumed , especially when more vegetable oil rich in linoleic acid is included in the diet.