• 환경위생공학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.63-88
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• 1990

1980년 7월부터 1981년 12월까지 20회에 걸쳐 전라남도 도립공원인 조계산의 식물상을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 조사지에서의 식물은 총 122과, 424속, 597종 107변종, 10품종이었으며, 식용식물이 204종, 약용식물이 199종 기타 유료섬유자원식물이 30종으로 나타났다. 상록활엽수는 차나무, 조릿대, 붉가시나무 등 22종이고 상록침엽수는 비자나무, 소나무, 금송, 편백나무 등 15종이었다. 식물군락은 참나무류와 서어나무, 조릿대 등 활엽수림으로 우점종은 조록싸리, 덜꿩나무, 물푸레나무, 가막살나무, 개옻나무, 느티나무 등이고 초본류는 참억새, 그령, 지리대사초, 새이삭여뀌, 갈퀴나물, 밀나물, 쑥부쟁이 등이 군락을 이루고 있었다. 조계산에서 선암사지구는 식생이 양호하였으나 타지역은 식물상이 많이 파괴되었으며 굴목치지구는 산화의 피해를 많이 받은 지역으로 산화에 비교적 강한 참나무류가 우점종이었다. 특징 수종은 털조장나무, 박쥐나무, 대팻집나무, 히어리, 노목인 자귀나무, 고로쇠나무, 차나무 군락, 노각나무, 흰말채나무 종이며, 초본으로는 관엽식물인 족제비고사리, 꼬리고사리, 거미고사리, 일엽초 등과 천마, 보춘화, 새이삭여뀌군락 등은 부호가 요망된다. 조계산의 소나무림은 1650~1963년 인력에 의해 대채되었던것이 복구되지 못하여 조계산을 중심으로 접치지구와 오두치지구의 700m이상 지역은 거의 무송림지역으로 되어 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2014

This study aimed to investigate the diversity of the Butyrivibrio group bacteria in goat rumen and its response to garlic oil (GO) supplementation as revealed by molecular analysis of cloned 16S rRNA genes. Six wethers fitted with ruminal fistulas were assigned to two groups for a cross-over design with 28-d experimental period and 14-d interval. Goats were fed a basal diet without (control) or with GO ruminal infusion (0.8 g/d). Ruminal contents were used for DNA extraction collected before morning feeding on d 28. A total bacterial clone library was firstly constructed by nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene cloned sequences using universal primers. The resulting plasmids selected by Butyrivibrio-specific primers were used to construct a Butyrivibrio group-specific bacterial clone library. Butyrivibrio group represented 12.98% and 10.95% of total bacteria in control and GO group, respectively. In libraries, clones were classified to the genus Pseudobutyrivibrio, Butyrivibrio and others within the family Lachnospiraceae. Additionally, some specific clones were observed in GO group, being classified to the genus Ruminococcus and others within the family Ruminococcaceae. Based on the criterion that the similarity was 97% or greater with database sequences, there were 29.73% and 18.42% of clones identified as known isolates (i.e. B. proteoclasticus and Ps. ruminis) in control and GO groups, respectively. Further clones identified as B. fibrisolvens (5.41%) and R. flavefaciens (7.89%) were specifically found in control and GO groups, respectively. The majority of clones resembled Ps. ruminis (98% to 99% similarity), except for Lachnospiraceae bacteria (87% to 92% similarity) in the two libraries. The two clone libraries also appeared different in Shannon diversity index (control 2.47 and GO group 2.91). Our results indicated that the Butyrivibrio group bacteria had a complex community with considerable unknown species in the goat rumen.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제41권spc1호
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• pp.145-165
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• 1996

Amaranth(Amaranthus spp. L.) and quinoa (Chenpodium quinoa Willd.) are old crops from South, Central America and Central Asia and their grains have been identified as very promising food crops because of their exceptional nutritive value. Squalene is an important ingredient in skin cosmetics and computer disc lubricants as well as bioactive materials such as inhibition of fungal and mammalian sterol biosynthesis, antitumor, anticancer, and immunomodulation. Amaranth has a component called squalene (2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-2,6,10,14,22-tetraco-sahexaene) about 1/300 of the seed and $5\~8\%$ of its seed oil. Oil and squalene content in amaranth seed were different for the species investigated. Squalene content in seed oil also increased by $15.5\%$ due to puffing and from 6.96 to $8.01\%$ by refining and bleaching. Saponin concentrations in quinoa seed ranged 0.01 to $5.6\%$. Saponins are located in the outer layers of quinoa grain. These layers include the perianth, pericarp, a seed coat layer, and a cuticle like structure. Oleanane-type triterpenes saponins are of great interest because of their diverse pharmacological properties, for instance, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, contraceptive, and cholesterol-lowering effects. It is known that quinoa contains a number of structurally diverse saponins including the aglycones, oleanolic acid, hederagenin, and phytolaccagenic acid, which are new potential in gredient for pharmacological properties. It is likely that these saponin levels will be considerably affected by genetic, agronomic and environmental factors as well as by processing. With the current enhanced public interest in health and nutrition amaranth and quinoa will most likely remain in the immediate future within the realm of exotic health foods until such time as agricultural production meets the quantities and qualify required by industrial food manufacturers.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1317-1321
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• 2004

The differentiation of the sebaceous gland is remarkably species-specific and sebocytes may play crucial parts in the pathophysiologic processes and disorders of pilosebaceous unit SZ95 cell is an immortalized human sebaceous gland cell line that shows characteristics of normal human sebocytes, In this study, we investigated the effect of testosterone and the anti-androgenic effect of 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cis-RA) on lipid synthesis in SZ95 cells. Cytoplasmic lipid droplets were shown by Oil-red staining. The majority of the SZ95 cells positively labeled with Oil-red dye, while HaCaT cells negatively labeled with Oil red dye. Total lipid level of SZ96 cells is higher 4 times than that of HaCat cells. Testosterone markedly increased 2 times lipid synthesis of SZ95 cells in compared with control. 13-cis-RA significantly inhibited lipid synthesis and cell proliferation in SZ95 cells. Combined treatment with testosterone and 13-cis-RA resulted in a lower total lipid levels than that with androgen alone. In conclusion, SZ95 cells well resembled the morphologic and functional characteritics of normal human sebocytes. This in vitro model could provide a valuable tool for the study of sebocytes with a key role in pathophysiology and differentiation of sebaceous glands.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.768-774
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• 2007

To study the effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enrichment on the expression of hepatic genes in pigs, weaned, crossbred pigs (30 d old) were fed diets supplemented with either 2% tallow or DHA oil for 18 d. Hepatic mRNA was extracted. Suppression subtractive hybridization was used to explore the hepatic genes that were specifically regulated by dietary DHA enrichment. After subtraction, we observed 288 cDNA fragments differentially expressed in livers from pigs fed either 2% DHA oil or 2% tallow for 18 d. After differential screening, 7 genes were found to be differentially expressed. Serum amyloid A protein 2 (SAA2) was further investigated because of its role in lipid metabolism. Northern analysis indicated that hepatic SAA2 was upregulated by dietary DHA enrichment (p<0.05). In a second experiment, feeding 10% DHA oil for 2d significantly increased the expression of SAA2 (compared to the 10% tallow group; p<0.05). The porcine SAA2 full length cDNA sequence was cloned and the sequence was compared to the human and mouse sequences. The homology of the SAA2 amino acid sequence between pig and human was 73% and between pig and mouse was 62%. There was a considerable difference in SAA2 sequences among these species. Of particular note was a deletion of 8 amino acids, in the pig compared to the human. This fragment is a specific characteristic for the SAA subtype that involved in acute inflammation reaction. Similar to human and mouse, porcine SAA2 was highly expressed in the liver of pigs. It was not detectable in the skeletal muscle, heart muscle, spleen, kidney, lung, and adipose tissue. These data suggest that SAA2 may be involved in mediation of the function of dietary DHA in the liver of the pig, however, the mechanism is not yet clear.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.704-715
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• 2006

Oil spill was found in 1999 from a diesel storage facility located near the top of Baekun Mountain in Uiwang City. Application of bioremediation techniques was very relevant in removing oil spills in this site, because the geological condition was not amenable for other onsite remediation techniques. For efficient bioremediation, bacterial communities of the contaminated site and the uncontaminated control site were compared using both molecular and cultivation techniques. Soil bacterial populations were observed to be stimulated to grow in the soils contaminated with diesel hydrocarbon, whereas fungal and actinomycetes populations were decreased by diesel contamination. Most of the dieseldegrading bacteria isolated from contaminated forest soils were strains of Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, and Rhodococcus species. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis revealed that the profiles were different among the three contaminated sites, whereas those of the control sites were identical to each other. Analysis of 16S rDNA sequences of dominant isolates and clones showed that the bacterial community was less diverse in the oil-contaminated site than at the control site. Sequence analysis of the alkane hydroxylase genes cloned from soil microbial DNAs indicated that their diversity and distribution were different between the contaminated site and the control site. The results indicated that diesel contamination exerted a strong selection on the indigenous microbial community in the contaminated site, leading to predominance of well-adapted microorganisms in concurrence with decrease of microbial diversity.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.352-356
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• 2009

흑후추와 백후추 원두에서 HPLC에 의한 piperine 함량, 가열처리 전후의 시료에 대한 Soxhlet법을 이용한 휘발성 기름성분 함량, SDE(Linkens-Nikens type simultaneous steam distillation and extraction apparatus)법을 이용한 총 휘발성 물질 함량 등을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 흑후추와 백후추의 구성성분차이, 인도네시아와 인도의 산지 기후조건 및 품종 차이 등에 따른 편차는 인정되었으나 전체적으로 일정한 범위 내에서 차이를 나타내었다. 후추에서 맛의 차이는 맛 성분의 차이보다는 휘발성 물질의 함량 차이가 큰 영향을 미쳐 냄새를 일반적으로 맛으로 착각하는 경향이 있는 것으로 판단된다. 이로부터 상호간의 측정결과를 비교평가해 본 결과 일정 수준의 비례적 관계를 갖는 것으로 나타나 현장의 품질관리 등에서 간편하고 신속하게 결과를 측정할 수 있는 Soxhlet법에 의한 휘발성 기름 성분 함량 측정법을 후추의 중요한 품질평가 방법의 하나로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대되는 결과를 얻었다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.145-156
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• 2014

Macrobenthic biodiversity in the rocky intertidal areas of the Tae-an region, Republic of Korea, has decreased since the Hebei Spirit oil spill in December 2007. We aimed to investigate ecological roles of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) because recruitment and growth of oysters are critical to the recovery of damaged rocky shore ecosystem. We surveyed two sites monthly: natural rocky substrate and farming substrate, from July 2012 to January 2013 to identify and compare the changes in macrobenthic fauna. The abundance of young oysters was higher at the natural site. On the other hand, the mean height of oyster on the farming substrate was more than twice as great. The abundance of oyster at the natural site increased until October and then continuously decreased until end of study period. However, the abundance of oyster at the farming site constantly decreased from the beginning of study period. These different growth patterns might be attributable to spatial competition between oyster and a barnacle species (Balanus albicostatus) and environmental factors. At the natural site, physical stress factors including dramatic temperature changes and desiccation a few of the major factors limiting growth during aerial exposure. In addition, motile macrobenthos could be detrimental to oysters because they interrupt filter-feeding activities and hence hamper the growth of oysters. We show the higher recruitment of oysters at the natural site and healthy growth in the farming substrate are due to complicated differences in physical and biological stress factors.

• Mycobiology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.219-229
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• 2006

Seventeen microbial species including 10 fungal taxa, two yeasts and five bacteria, were isolated from freshly prepared orange, guava and banana juices kept in open bottles at room temperature for 7 days. Eight different essential oils, from local herbs, were tested for their antimicrobial activity against these test organisms. The essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum basilicum and Origanum majorana were found to be highly effective against these microorganisms. Aspergillus niger, A. flavus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the most prevalent microorganisms in juice, showed the highest resistance against these essential oils. GC-MS analysis showed that while e-citral, a'-myrcene, and z-citral represent the major components (75.1 %) of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus; bezynen,l-methyl-4-(2-propenyl), 1,8-cineole and trans-a'-bisabolene were the main components (90.6%) of Ocimum basilicum; whereas 3-cyclohexen-l-0l,4-methyl-l(l-methylethyl)-(CAS), c-terpinene and trans-caryophyllene represent the major components (65.1%) of Origanum majorana. These three essential oils were introduced into juices by two techniques namely, fumigation and direct contact. The former technique showed more fungicidal effect than the latter one against A. flavus, A. niger, and S. cerevisiae. The essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus by comparison to other test oils showed the strongest effect against these fungi with a minimum inhibitory concentration of $1.5\;{\mu}l/ml$ medium and a sublethal concentration of $1.0\;{\mu}l/ml$. The antimicrobial activity of this oil is thermostable at $121^{\circ}C$ for 30 min.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.8-12
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• 2000

면화류의 열적특성을 조사하기 위하여 시차주사열량계(DSC, Differential Scanning Calorimeter) 및 열중량 분석기(TGA, Thermogravimetric Analysis)를 이용하여 온도에 따른 발열개시온도, 무게감량 등을 조사하였으며, 발화온도 측정방법 중 정온법을 이용하여 요오드가가 각기 다른 유지류에 침윤된 면화류의 발차거동을 조사하였다. 이때 발화온도 측정장치의 반응용기 내부로의 공기 기류의 존재 여부에 따른 발화거동을 함께 조사하였다. 연구결과 합성섬유의 분해온도 폭이 순면인 천연섬유에 비하여 다소 넓음을 알 수 있었다. 한편 발화개시온도의 경우 공기를 주입하지 않는 경우에는 유지의 침윤량 증가에 따라 두 시료 모두 상승하였으나, 공기를 주입하는 경우에는 유지의 침윤량 증가에 따라 상당히 낮아지고 있으며, 특히 건성유를 침윤시킨 경우에는 급속히 감소하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.