• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1084-1091
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• 2012

Xylooligosaccharides are functional foods mainly produced during the hydrolysis of xylan by physical, chemical, or enzymatic methods. In this study, production of xylobiose was investigated using oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber (OPEFB) as a source material, by chemical and enzymatic methods. Xylanase-specific xylan hydrolysis followed by xylobiose production was observed. Among different xylanases, xylanase from FXY-1 released maximum xylobiose from pretreated OPEFB fiber, and this fungal strain was identified as Aspergillus terreus and subsequently deposited under the accession Number MTCC- 8661. The imperative role of lignin on xylooligosaccharides enzymatic synthesis was exemplified with the notice of xylobiose production only with delignified material. A maximum 262 mg of xylobiose was produced from 1.0 g of pretreated OPEFB fiber using FXY-1 xylanase (6,200 U/ml) at pH 6.0 and $45^{\circ}C$. At optimized environment, the yield of xylobiose was improved to 78.67 g/100 g (based on xylan in the pretreated OPEFB fiber).

• 한국고분자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국고분자학회 2006년도 IUPAC International Symposium on Advanced Polymers for Emerging Technologies
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• pp.358-358
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• 2006

The graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA) and acrylamide (AAm) onto oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber were successfully carried out in aqueous solution using $H_{2}O_{2}/Fe^{2+}$ as initiator. For all monomers the percentage of grafting increases with the amount of monomer and can be controlled by setting the appropriate reaction conditions. The optimum reaction period were found to be 120 minutes for all monomers whereas the optimum temperature and the amount of initiator needed for grafting depend on the type of the monomer used. The mechanisms of grafting vinyl monomer onto OPEFB were proposed. The grafted products were characterized by gravimetric analysis, FTIR and SEM.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2012

The empty fruit bunch fibers(EFB) of oil palm were examined for optimal utilization of the EFB fibers. The EFB fibers were obtained by shredding EFB, followe by removal of fines. The surface properties of the fibers were modified with various pre-treatments, such as hot water extraction, the soaking treatments with NaOH, $ClO_2$ and n-hexane. The changes in the fiber surface were examined with FT-IR method, which showed the changes in chemical compositions such as pectin, lignin, and etc. according to the pre-treatment methods. And the z-directional tensile testing of the fiber mold made of the treated EFB fibers showed the changes in the bonding strength by the pre-treatments. The fiber mold made of EFB fibers treated with $ClO_2$ showed the greater increase in the tensile energy absorption although the NaOH treatment resulted in the severer impact on the EFB fibers.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.231-243
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 인도네시아 오일 팜 재배 및 CPO 생산 공정으로부터 발생되는 바이오매스의 에너지 이용 가능성을 조사하기 위하여 오일 팜 플렌테이션에서 발생하는 바이오매스의 잠재성을 분석하였다. 인도네시아의 오일 팜 재배 면적은 2011년 8.9 백만 ha에 달하고 있으며, 2020년까지 13 백만 ha로 확대될 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구에서는 2011년 면적을 기준으로 하였으며, 바이오매스의 분석은 오일 팜 재배 시에 발생되는 바이오매스와 CPO 생산 공정 중 발생하는 바이오매스 부산물의 양으로 단계를 구분하여 연구를 수행하였다. 그 결과로 2011년 오일 팜 재배 과정에서 발생하는 바이오매스는 줄기, 가지, 뿌리를 포함하여 최소 3 백만 ton에서 최대 16 백만 ton에 이를 것으로 분석되었으며, CPO 제조 공정에서는 건조 중량 기준 49 백만 ton이 발생하는 것으로 분석되었다. 이것을 건조 기준 고위발열량으로 환산을 할 경우, 593 천 TOE에서 3,197 천 TOE의 에너지가 발생하며, CPO 제조 공정 중 발생하는 바이오매스는 건조중량 기준 48,914 천 ton이 발생하는 것으로 추정되며, 바이오매스 부산물의 에너지량은 고위발열량 기준 22,722 천 TOE, 저위발열량 기준으로 16,330 천 TOE가 발생하는 것으로 추정되었다. 따라서, 2011년 인도네시아의 오일 팜 재배와 CPO 생산으로부터 고위 발열량 기준으로 25,919 천 TOE의 오일 팜 바이오매스 부산물이 발생한 것으로 분석되었다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2016

The demand of environmental friendly packaging materials such as pulp mold has been increased. The application of the oil palm biomass, EFB (Empty Fruit Bunch) fiber as natural raw materials to the pulp mold could increase the usability of the pulp mold by the reduced production cost brought from the relatively low cost of EFB. The effects of the EFB(Empty Fruit Bunch) fibers on the properties of pulp mold and on the process efficiency were evaluated in this study. The pulp mold samples were prepared with mixture ONP (Old news paper) and EFB by using laboratory wet pulp molder. The changes in the drying efficiency were measured with the changes in the solid contents of pulp mold samples during drying process. The efficiency of the surface coating treatment on the pulp mold depending on the condition of the pulp mold samples were also evaluated in order to improve the water resistance properties of pulp mold. The addition of EFB increased the drying efficiency by providing the bulkier structure and the higher water contact angle, which indicated the better water resistance properties. The water resistance were improved by the surface coating treatments and the application of surface coating on the pulp mold at the higher moisture contents resulted in the higher improvement in the water resistance. The bulkier structure originated from the application of EFB fiber reduced the effects of the surface coating, which could be overcome by the control of surface coating process.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2013

Organosolv ethanolamine pulping for oil palm empty fruit bunches(EFB) were evaluated in this study. The screen yield by the ethanolamine pulping were higher than that by the soda pulping at the same operation conditions. The higher concentration of ethanolamine solvent resulted in the higher yield and the lower contents of residual lignin. The EFB pulp fibers were the narrower in fiber width but the higher in coarseness than those of the hardwood pulp fiber, while the fiber length of the EFB pulp fiber were similar to that of the hardwood fiber. The intrinsic zero span tensile testing showed the EFB pulp fiber by the 80% ethanolamine pulping were the stronger than the fiber by the soda pulping. The results of this study supported that the ethanolamine pulping could be used as an alternative pulping method for the EFB.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.18-28
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• 2014

Renewable Portfolio Standards(RPS) is a regulation that requires a renewable energy generated from eco-friendly energy sources such as biomass, wind, solar, and geothermal. The RPS mechanism generally is an obligatory policy that places on electricity supply companies to produce a designated fraction of their electricity from renewable energies. The domestic companies to supply electricity largely rely on wood pellets in order to implement the RPS in spite of undesirable situation of lack of wood resources in Korea. This means that the electricity supply companies in Korea must explore new biomass as an alternative to wood. Palm kernel shell (PKS) and empty fruit bunch (EFB) as oil palm wastes can be used as raw materials used for making pellets after their thermochemical treatment like torrefaction. Torrefaction is a pretreatment process which serves to improve the properties including heating value and energy densification of these oil palm wastes through a mild pyrolysis at temperature typically ranging between 200 and $300^{\circ}C$ in the absence of oxygen under atmospheric pressure. Torrefaction of oil palms wastes at above $200^{\circ}C$ contributed to the increase of fixed carbon with the decrease of volatile matters, leading to the improvement of their calorific values over 20.9 MJ/kg (=5,000 kcal/kg) up to 25.1 MJ/kg (=6,000 kcal/kg). In particular, EFB sensitively responded to torrefaction because of its physical properties like fiber bundles, compared to PKS and hardwood chips. In conclusion, torrefaction treatment of PKS and EFB can greatly contribute to the implement of RPS of the electricity supply companies in Korea through the increased co-firing biomass with coal.