• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1759-1767
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• 2012

This study was performed to determine the effects of dietary fat sources, i.e., beef tallow, soybean oil, olive oil and coconut oil (each 3% in feed), on the growth performance, meat quality and gene expression in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 72 crossbred pigs (Landrace${\times}$Large White${\times}$Duroc) were used at $71{\pm}1$ kg body weight (about 130 d of age) in 24 pens ($320{\times}150$ cm) in a confined pig house (three pigs per pen) with six replicate pens per treatment. The growing diet was given for periods of $14{\pm}3$ d and the finishing diet was given for periods of $28{\pm}3$ d. The fat type had no significant effect either on growth performance or on chemical composition or on meat quality in growing-finishing pigs. Dietary fat type affected fatty acid composition, with higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in the olive oil group. Microarray analysis in the Longissimus dorsi identified 6 genes, related to insulin signaling pathway, that were differentially expressed among the different feed groups. Real time-PCR was conducted on the six genes in the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM). In particular, the genes encoding the protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, alpha (PRKAR2A) and the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1, beta isoform (PPP1CB) showed the highest expression level in the olive oil group (respectively, p<0.05, p<0.001). The results of this study indicate that the type of dietary fat affects fatty acid composition and insulin signaling-related gene expression in the LM of pigs.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.14-18
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• 1994

온도와 수분함량의 상호작용이 들깨종자의 압착착유에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 생들깨와 볶은들깨의 기름 추출율(REO) 및 압착케이의 부피변형율(VSPC)을 온도와 수분함량을 변화시켜가며 측정하였다. 본 실험을 위해 들깨종자의 수분함량을 2.5, 4.5, 6.5 및 8.5% (w.b.), 압착온도를 30, 40, 50 및 $60^{\circ}C$, 압착시간을 11분 그리고 압착압력을 50 MPa로 각각 조절하였다. 생들깨 및 볶은들깨의 REO 및 VSPC는 온가 낮을 때에는 수분함량이 높을수록 크게 나타났으나, 온도가 높을 때에는 수분함량이 낮을수록 크게 나타났다. 그러나 수분함량 8.5%에서는 온도에 관계없이 작았다. 압착요인과 REO 및 VSPC과의 관계를 분산분석한 결과 온도와 수분함량의 영향은 높은 유의성을 보여주었다. 또한 온도보다는 온도와 수분함량사이의 상호작용효과가 더 큰것으로 나타났다. 온도와 수분함량 사이의 상호작용이 가장 크게 나타난 구간은 본 실험조건의 모든 온도에서 수부함량 $2.5{\sim}4.5%$이었다. 최대 REO는 생들깨의 경우 수분함량 2.5%와 $60^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 84.4%이었고, 볶은들깨는 수분함량 6.5%와 $30^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 84.3% 이었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.785-789
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• 1995

참기름의 회분식 압착 최적화와 압착요인들의 상호관계를 규명하기 위하여 생참깨와 볶은 참깨를 온도($30, 40, 50, 60^{\circ}C$), 압력(10, 30, 50, 70MPa), 압착 시간(5, 7, 9, 11min) 및 수분 함량(2.5, 4.5, 6.5, 8.5%) 별로 압착하였다. 추출율은 수분 함량 2.5~4.5%, 30~$50^{\circ}C$, 30~50MPa일 때 높았으며, 수분 함량을 4.5% 이상으로 증가시키면 급격히 감소하였다. 최적 조건은 생참깨가 온도 $40.1^{\circ}C$, 압력 54.4MPa, 압착 시간 21.7분, 수분 함량 1.3%이었으며, 볶음 참깨는 각각 $44.4^{\circ}C$, 37.8MPa, 14.4분, 2.52%이었다. 최적 조건에서의 추출율은 생참깨가 84.6%, 볶음 참깨가 81.7%이었다. 통계분석 결과 수분 함량이 기름의 추출율에 가장 큰 영향을 미쳤으며, 그 다음으로는 압력, 온도 순이었다. 상호작용 효과는 압력X수분 함량, 온도X수분 함량, 온도X압력의 영향이 컸다. 온도(T), 압력(P), 압착 시간(D) 및 수분 함량(M)과 기름 추출율(Y) 간에는 생참깨가 $Y=18.20$ $35.66P$＋$24.52M-4.45P^{2}-1.20TM-4.02PM-6.62M^{2},\;r^{2}=0.89$, 볶은 참깨가 $Y=117.93$＋$16.40P-58.61M-2.75P^{2}$＋$1.79TM-1.65PM$＋$7.16M^{2},\;r^{2}$$=0.91$의 관계를 보였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.28-32
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• 1993

들깨종자의 압착착유에 미치는 온도와 압력의 영향을 살펴보기 위해 생들깨와 볶은들깨의 기름의 추출율 및 압착케이크의 부피변형율을 각각의 온도, 압력 및 압착시간에서 관찰하였다. 본 실험을 위해 들깨종자의 수분함량은 2.5%로 조절하였고 온도는 30, 40, 50 및 $60^{\circ}C$가 사용되었고 압력은 10, 30, 50 및 70 MPa을 적용하였으며 압착시간은 5, 7, 9 및 11분을 적용하였다. 온도, 압력 그리고 압착시간이 증가할수록 기름의 추출율 및 압착케이크의 부피변형율은 증가를 하였다. 생들깨와 볶은들깨의 최대 추출율은 $60^{\circ}C$, 70 MPa, 11분에서 각각 85.59% 및 85.30%이었다. 추출된 기름의 점도는 지수함수적인 온도의존성을 보여주었으며, 점도가 낮을수록 즉, 온도가 높을수록 기름의 추출율은 증가하였다. 압착요인과 기름의 추출율 및 압착케이크의 부피변형율과의 상관관계 분석에서 압착요인의 효과는 압력, 온도, 온도${\times}$압력 그리고 압착시간 순으로 감소하였다. 온도(T), 압력(P) 그리고 압착시간(D)과 기름의 추출율(Y)과의 관계는 생들깨는 $Y=7.95+36.85P+1.12T^2-0.55TP-5.08P^2(r^2=0.97\;p<0.01)$였으며, 볶은들깨는 $Y=4.50T+39.23P+0.83T^2-1.71P-5.07P^2(r^2=0.99,\;p<0.01)$이었다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.99-111
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• 2004

난소가 제거된 생쥐를 이용하여 자궁조직에서의 ADAM-8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 17, 그리고 ADAMTS-1의 유전자의 발현이 생식호르몬에 의하여 조절되는 지를 알아보았다. 암컷 생쥐의 난소를 제거하고, 2주후에 sesame oil, 17 ${\beta}$-estradiol ($E_2$), progesterone ($P_4$ 혹은 이 둘 혼합액 ($E_2+P_4$)을 피하 주사하였다. RT-PCR 방법을 이용하여 유전자 전사체의 발현을 조사한 결과 ADAM-8, 12, 그리고 17은 oil을 주사하거나 $P_4$만을 주사한 군보다 $E_2$를 주사한 군에서 자궁조직에서의 mRNA의 양이 현저하게 증가하였다. 반면 ADAM-9, 10, 15, 그리고 ADAMTS-1은 oil을 주사하거나 $E_2$만을 주사한 군보다 $P_4$를 주사한 군에서 mRNA의 양이 현저하게 증가하였다. 또한 단백질의 발현양상의 결과도 RT-PCR의 결과와 동일하게 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 ADAM-8, 12, 그리고 17은 17 ${\beta}$-estradiol에 의하여, ADAM-9, 10, 15, 그리고 ADAMTS-1은 progesterone에 의하여 유전자의 발현이 upregulation 되는 것으로 생각되어진다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2011

니겔라 사티바(Nigella sativa Linn.) 오일의 미백 효능을 확인하기 위하여 니겔라 사티바 오일 및 오일에서 분리된 유효성분들을 버섯 타이로시네이즈 효소, B16 멜라노마 세포를 이용하여 멜라닌 생성에 관련된 다양한 실험을 실시하였다. B16-F10 멜라노마 세포를 이용한 멜라닌 저해 활성시험 결과에서 니겔라 사티바 오일은 10 mg/mL의 농도에서 약 86 %의 멜라닌 생성을 억제하였으며, RT-PCR과 Western blot을 통한 멜라닌 생성 기작에 대한 영향을 조사한결과, 멜라닌 합성의 주요 단백질인 타이로시네이즈 발현 저해효과가 우수하게 나타났다. 또한, tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1) 및 tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2)의 발현이 억제되는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서, 니겔라 사티바오일은 멜라닌 생합성 저해 효과뿐만 아니라, 멜라닌 합성에 필수적인 효소(타이로시네이즈, TRP-1, TRP-2)의 발현저해를 통해 미백 효과를 나타내는 것으로 확인되었으며, 이에 따라 니겔라 사티바 오일은 멜라닌 생합성을 저해하는미백 소재로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1098-1102
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• 2009

Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, C18:3 ${\Delta}^{6,9,12}$) is synthesized by a delta-6 fatty acid desaturase using linoleic acid (LA, C18:2 ${\Delta}^{9,12}$) as a substrate. To enable the production of GLA in the conventional yeast Pichia pastoris, we have isolated a cDNA encoding the delta-6 fatty acid desaturase from Cunninghamella echinulata MIAN6 and confirmed its function by heterogeneous expression in P. pastoris. Sequence analysis indicated that this cDNA sequence has an open reading frame of 1,404 bp, which encodes a 52 kDa peptide of 468 amino acids. This sequence has 64% identity to the previously reported delta-6 fatty acid desaturase from Rhizopus oryzae. The polypeptide has a cytochrome b5 domain at the N-terminus including the HPGG motif in the heme-binding region, as reported for other delta-6 fatty acid desaturases. In addition, this enzyme differs from other desaturases by the presence of three possible N-linked glycosylation sites. Analysis of the fatty acid composition demonstrated the accumulation of GLA to the level of 3.1% of the total fatty acids. Notably, the amounts of ginkgolic acid (C17:1) and palmitic acid (C16:0) were increased from 1.3% to 29.6% and from 15% to 33%, respectively. These results reveal that the modification of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway by genetic manipulation in order to produce specific polyunsaturated fatty acids in P. pastoris is a promising technique.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.648-652
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• 2012

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary addition of tea saponins (TS) and soybean oil (SO) on fatty acid profile and gene expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of growing lambs. Thirty-two Huzhou lambs were assigned to four dietary treatments in a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement with main effects of TS (0 or 3 g/d) and SO (0 or 30 g/kg of diet DM). The diet without additives was considered as NTNS (no TS or SO). After a feeding trial for 60 d, four lambs of each treatment were slaughtered to collect the samples of LD muscle. Percentage of trans-11 vaccenic acid was enhanced (p<0.05) in muscle of lambs fed TS and SO. The proportion of total conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was increased (p<0.05) by SO, but decreased (p<0.05) by TS in LD muscle. The percentage of total saturated fatty acids in muscle was decreased (p<0.05) by addition of TS and SO, while addition of SO increased (p<0.05) the percentage of total polyunsaturated fatty acids. The ratio of cis-9, trans-11 CLA to tran-11 vaccenic acid was decreased (p<0.05) by TS, but increased (p<0.05) by SO. The same effects were observed in SCD mRNA expression. From these results it is indicated that including TS and SO in the diet of growing lambs affect the fatty acid profiles of LD muscle and that the proportion of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in the muscle influenced by TS and SO may be related to the SCD gene expression.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.39-54
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• 1994

I am going to survey major topics relating to the title by analyzing the following statistical data. 1 : Global trend of production and import of oil and relating materials 2 : Global trend of major oil production 3 : Capacity of Japanese factory for oil production 4 : Situation of mechanical expression based on raw materials 5 : Change of production amounts of Oil products 6 : Oil production of each items 7 : Imported amounts of oil products 8 : Vegetable oil meals, production, import and global trend 9 : Production of mayonnaise, dressing and edible processing oils 10 : Intake of nutrients, supply of lipids, and consumption of oils 11 : Global production of oleochemicals 12 : Sales amount of oleochemicals 13 : Capacities of fatty acid and fatty alcohol factories 14 : Oleochemical production in 1995 15 : Oleochemical procuction in asia 16 : Production of surfactants for industrial use 17 : Sales amount of detergents and washing materials 18 : Production of soap and synthetic detergent in Japan 19 : Consumption of soap. detergent, and synthetic detergent 20: Relation beween synthetic detergent production and popularization 21 : Biodegradability of soft detergent

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.414-434
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• 1997

Though many genetic and epigenetic alterations have been identified in hamster oral carcinogenesis model, there is no information about the possible role of transforming growth factor related with oral cancer. The purpose of this paper was to find the expression patterns of transforming growth factor alpha and beta during the stages of complete oral carcinogenesis model in hamster. 0.5% 9, 10-dimethyl-1, 2-benzanthracene(DMBA) in mineral oil was topically applied to the buccal pouch of 75 hamster three times a week during the experimental periods. The experimental animals were subdivided into two groups of control and experiment. Only the mineral oil was applied to the control group. 0.5% DMBA in mineral oil was applied to the experimental groups of 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 weeks. The expression of the $TGF-{\alpha}$ and $TGF-{\beta}$ protein were evaluated by the distribution and intensity of positive cells during the carcinogenesis using the immunohistochemical study. The following results were obtained ; 1. The buccal pouch epithelium of hamster was histologically changed to the dysplasia at 6, 8, 10 weeks, carcinoma in situ at 12 weeks, and squamous cell carcinoma at 14 weeks. 2. The expression of the $TGF-{\alpha}$ was restricted to the parabasal and basal layers of the normal and dysplastic mucosa, but those positive cells were extended to the spinous layers of the epithelium in the carcinoma. 3. The degree of $TGF-{\alpha}$ expression was markedly decreased in the carcinoma at 16, 18, 20. The strong positive staining in the center of cancer islands and weak positive staining in periphery of tumor were seen at the stage of squamous cell carcinoma. 4. The positive index of the $TGF-{\alpha}$ had a tendency to increase with DMBA- applied time. There was a statistically significant difference between 12, 18, 20 experimental group and control group (p<0.05). 5. The expression of the $TGF-{\beta}$ was shown at the cytoplasm of all control and experimental groups, and the parabasal and basal layers of the normal and dyslastic mucosa, but it was shown at the basal layers of the epithelium in the carcinoma. 6. $TGF-{\beta}$ was expressed diffusely at 16, 18, 20 experimental group. The strong positive staining in the center of cancer islands and positive staining in periphery of tumor were seen at the stage of squamous cell carcinoma. From the above findings, the expression of $TGF-{\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ in oral carcinogenesis model seems to have two formal stages, the first being an overexpression step as reaction to uncontrolled growth and the second being one in which external protein accumulate in the surrounding stroma and intracytoplasm. Overexpression of $TGF-{\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ may have important cooperative roles for the promotion of cancer and factor of prognosis.