• Genes and Genomics
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.1301-1308
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• 2018

Background Adipocyte differentiation is completed by changing gene expression. Chromatin is closely related to gene expression. Therefore, its structure might be changed for adipocyte differentiation. Mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes have been used as a cell model to study molecular mechanisms of adipogenesis. Objective To examine changes of chromatin modification and expression of histone modifying enzymes during adipocyte differentiation. Methods Microscopic analysis and Oil Red O staining were performed to determine distinct phenotype of adipocyte differentiation. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to examine expression levels of histone modifying enzymes during adipocyte differentiation. Histone modifications were examined by immunostaining analysis. Results Expression levels of P300 and cbp were increased during adipocyte differentiation. However, acetylation of histones was not quantitatively changed postdifferentiation of 3T3-L1 cells compared to that at pre-differentiation. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses showed that expression levels of hdac2 and hdac3 were increased during adipocyte differentiation, suggesting histone acetylation at chromatin level was homeostatically controlled by increased expression of both HATs and HDACs. Tri-methylation level of H3K9 (H3K9me3), but not that of H3K27me3, was significantly decreased during adipocyte differentiation. Decreased expression of setdb1 was consistent with reduced pattern of H3K9me3. Knock-down of setdb1 induced adipocyte differentiation. This suggests that setdb1 is a key chromatin modifier that modulates repressive chromatin. Conclusion These results suggest that there exist extensive mechanisms of chromatin modifications for homeostatic balance of chromatin acetylation and deconstruction of repressive chromatin during adipocyte differentiation.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.323-329
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• 2012

Sesame oil has superior oxidation stability and unique roasting flavor. Accordingly, this has been used for edible oil as well as a seasoning material for a long time in Korea. But sesame oil is a simple pressed oil, unrefined. During manufacturing process of roasting-expression, benzo(a)pyrene[B(a)P] formed as a strong carcinogenic substance causes a social problem. Detection of B(a)P in sesame oil was due to residual content in raw-sesame seeds and formation in roasting-expressing process. Especially, maximal forming process was roasting. Accordingly, in this study applied the traditional roasting method by roaster and microwaving method as a new type. Best roasting time by microwaving was for 5~10 min, B(a)P content in sesame oil was 0.53~0.79 ${\mu}g/kg$. These B(a)P contents showed 1/2 level than direct roasting method by roaster. As a result, B(a)P contents in sesame oil appeared the difference of more than 2 times according to roasting condition of sesame seed. For minimizing of B(a)P content in sesame oil is demanded roasting of sesame by microwaving than direct roasting by roaster.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.834-839
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• 2004

To improve and oil degrading activity, the lipase gene from Pseudomonase sp. was transformed into Klebsiella sp. KCL-l, an oil degrading bacterium. The selected trasformant was named as a KCL-1/pET-Lip. The surface tension of culture broth of KCL-1/pET-Lip was decreased to 33 dyne/cm from 55 dyne/cm using 4% (v/v) soybean oil as sole carbon source. The surface tension were 44 and 37.5 dyne/cm, to 2% (w/v) glucose and 4% (v/v) kerosene medium, respectively. The emulsification activity of the biosurfactant solution containing lipase of KCL-l/pET-Lip improved better than wild type KCL-l. The soybean oil was most efficient carbon source and substrate for surface activity and emulsification activity of KCL-1/pET-Lip. The expression of lipase was confirmed by SDS-PAGE.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.2 s.57
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• pp.111-116
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• 2006

Essential oils have been used extensively in pharmacy, medicine, food, beverages, cosmetics, perfumery and aromatherapy. Although anti-bacteria, anti-virus, alleviation of fever operations and an anti-inflammatory properties have been reported, action mechanisms have not been fully discovered. In the present study, anti-inflammatory activities of thirty three essential oils have been evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells by the evaluation of nitric oxide (NO) generation since NO generation is implicated in causal factor of inflammation. Among the tested 33 essential oil, Lemongrass oil showed the most inhibitory effect on LPS-induced NO generation in a dose dependent manner ($IC_{50}$ : $22 {\mu}g/mL$). In further study, it was found that Lemongrass oil inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. These results suggest that Lemongrass oil may be useful for improvements of the inflammatory disease such as pimple acne skin.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.556-561
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• 2008

This study was carried out to identify the cause of benzo(a)pyrene[B(a)P] production during the manufacture of sesame oil and perilla oil, and to minimize such B(a)P synthesis. The distribution of B(a)P in sesame seed and perilla seed differed with seed-growing district, the range was $0.06{\sim}0.31{\mu}g/kg$ in domestic seed and $0.12{\sim}0.47{\mu}g/kg$ in imported seed. B(a)P contents after roasting at $220^{\circ}C$ for 20 min in sesame seed and perilla seed were $1.87{\sim}2.47{\mu}g/kg$ and $2.12{\sim}2.43{\mu}g/kg$, respectively, and levels in oils obtained from the roasted seeds were $3.68{\mu}g/kg$ and $4.64{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. These data refer to seeds subjected to codsed roasting. With open roasting, the levels were $0.63{\mu}g/kg$ and $0.56{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. Closed roasting resulted in absorption of B(a)P, with consequent high levels in oils. We introduced forced ventilation during closed roasting. We tested various methods to remove B(a)P from sesame oil and perilla oil. Neither centrifugation nor filtering with diatomite and diatomiteactive carbon removed B(a)P. A filtering method using active carbon was effective. But this method adversely affected the color and flavor of sesame oil and perilla oil.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.6 s.101
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• pp.489-492
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• 2006

For molecular breeding purpose, genetic transformation of Brassica napus cultivars has been extensively performed using Agrobacterium method. B. napus cv. napus, one of major oil crops, can be transformed via Agrobacterium-based method. We demonstrated that Agrobacterium-mediated transformation via vacuum infiltration slightly worked for the seedlings of B. napus cv. napus according to fluorometric GUS enzyme analysis. In contrast, transformation efficiency was highly enhanced when the seedlings, prior to agroinfiltration, were treated with sodium hydrosulfite solution as a chemical wounding agent. GUS gene expression in transformed seedlings that was confirmed by RT-PCR suggests their usefulness for the development of transient expression system.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.180-193
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a major cause of metabolic disorders; to prevent obesity, research is ongoing to develop natural and safe ingredients with few adverse effects. In this study, we determined the anti-obesity effects of Rosa multiflora root extract (KWFD-H01) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: The anti-obesity effects of KWFD-H01in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and SD rats were examined using various assays, including Oil Red O staining, gene expression analyses, protein expression analyses, and blood biochemical analyses. RESULTS: KWFD-H01 reduced intracellular lipid accumulation and inhibited the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), cytidine-cytidine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine (CCAAT)/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPα), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in 3T3-L1 cells. KWFD-H01 also reduced body weight, weight gain, and the levels of triglycerides, total and LDL-cholesterol, glucose, and leptin, while increasing high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and adiponectin in SD rats. PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c, ACC, and FAS protein expression was inhibited in the epididymal fat of SD rats. CONCLUSION: Overall, these results confirm the anti-obesity effects of KWFD-H01 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and SD rats, indicating their potential as baseline data for developing functional health foods or pharmaceuticals to control obesity.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.129-143
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• 2012

Objectives : To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of the essential oil from Sohaphwangwon (SH), a Chinese traditional medicinal prescription in a Parkinson's disease mouse model. Methods : 1. The neuroprotective effect of SH on primary neuronal cells was examined by using 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+). 2. The neuroprotective effect of SH was examined in a Parkinson's disease mouse model. C57BL/6 mice treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 30 mg/kg/day), intraperitoneal (i.p.) for 5 days. SH inhalation was applied before MPTP treatment for 7 days and continued until 12 days after the first MPTP treatment. 3. To find out the intracellular target signal molecule(s) regarding the neuroprotective effect of SH essential oil, brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and synaptic protein SNAP25 were examined by Western blot analysis. Results : 1. MPP+ induced a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability. However, in the presence of 3 and 5 ug/ml of SH, MPP+-induced cell death was significantly reduced. 2. SH inhalation in MPTP mice led to the restoration of behavioral impairment and rescued tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive dopaminergic neurodegeneration. 3. In SH / MPTP mice, BDNF and SNAP25 increased. Conclusions : This experiment suggests that the neuroprotective effect of SH essential oil is mediated by the expression of BDNF. Furthermore, SH essential oil may serve as a potential preventive or therapeutic agent regarding Parkinson's disease.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.383-389
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect on melanin synthesis of Ginkgo biloba seed oil. The results showed 9.96% inhibitory effect scavenging activity on DPPH and showed a value of 1.33 mM of $FeSO_4$ at a concentration of 0.06% in DMSO by using FRAP assay. G. biloba seed oil inhibited tyrosinase activity up tp 37.72% and suppressed the biosynthesis melanin up to 48.02% at 0.06% in B16/F10 mouse melanoma cell. In G. biloba seed oil treated group tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 and MITF gen expression levels significantly decreased compared to the contral group at a concentration of 0.04% and 0.06%. In conclusion, these results indicated that G. biloba seed oil extract have a good antimelanogenetic effects.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.353-357
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• 2018

Previous studies have suggested that rice bran oil (RBO), an edible oil from the byproducts of rice milling, has anti-inflammatory effects in inflammation inducing macrophages, known as M1 subsets. Yet the effects of RBO on the counterpart M2 subsets, the "healing" macrophages, were poorly investigated to date. In this regard, recent studies on the molecular/cellular anti-inflammatory mechanisms of dietary components have demonstrated that mitochondrial respiration contributes to macrophage functioning. Therefore, the current study examined whether RBO regulates cytokine secretion by modulating mitochondrial metabolism in wound healing M2 subsets. Palm oil (PO), enriched with medium-chain fatty acids, served as a positive control. C57BL/6 mice were fed a diet containing either corn oil (CO), PO or RBO for 4 weeks, followed by purification of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) from their tibias and femurs. Cells were further polarized to M2-BMDM, and the expression of M2 marker (CD206) on cellular surfaces were not affected by dietary intervention. In addition, the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in the culture supernatant was not affected by dietary lipids. Oxygen consumption rate, the indicator of mitochondrial respiration in M2-BMDM was not regulated by RBO intervention and PO treatment. Taken together, this study imply that RBO did not intervene both the regulation of inflammatory responses and mitochondrial respiration in M2 macrophages.