• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.589-594
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• 2016

The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of odor reducing agents on the levels of pH, total carbon, total nitrogen, and odorous compounds [phenols, indoles, short chain fatty acid (SCFA), branched-chain fatty acid (BCFA), and ammonium nitrogen] of swine manure during the spring season (temperature around $20^{\circ}C$). Odor reducing agents included horseradish powder, mushroom waste powder, and almond hull powder. A manure sample (15 L) was taken from the pit under the pens of a swine feeding operation and incubated with 0.03% horseradish powder, 1% mushroom waste powder, and 1% almond hull powder, respectively, in acryl chambers for 14 days. Addition of almond hull powder showed the lowest pH (p < 0.05) and the highest level of total carbon (p < 0.05) among treatments of odor reducing agents. Although addition of odor reducing agents increased the level of phenols (p < 0.05), addition of almond hull powder decreased the level of indoles (p < 0.05). Levels of SCFA and BCFA were higher in almond hull powder than those in control (p < 0.05). Taken together, the results from our current study showed that odor reducing agents can be used for reducing the odor of swine manure by providing fermentable carbohydrates. At $20^{\circ}C$, however, the function of odor reducing agents might be decreased due to lower microbial activity.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.203-216
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• 1999

Recent public concern about air pollution caused by swine production facilities has forced to develop the methods to reduce and control the swine odors. Swine odors were affected the life of pig farm neighborhoods, swine productivity, pig health, diseases, and human right, safety, sanity as negatively. The first approaches of control of swine odors are the change or improve of the classical management systems, which are manure treatment method, manure storage facility, phase feeding, sex-divided feeding, feeder type, liquid-slurry feeding, environment control of swine building and dust control of indoor swine facility. The methods to control odor emission from manure have to include the diet modification as nutritional basis. In recent, research emphasis has focused on manipulating the swine diet to increase the nutrient utilization of the diet to reduce excretion products and reduction of odors. There are lots of feed additives and pit additives introduced as practical basis for reducing odor emissions. The ozone treatment method is candidate as the good system for reducing swine odor. But this system is still too expensive to practice in present.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2013

This study was to investigate the effect of addition levels of odor reducing contents on reducing the concentration of odorous compounds. Slurry treatments included three levels mixture of horseradish powder (HP), mushroom waste (MW) and probiotics powder (PP), and non-treatment control (n=4 each group). Levels of odorous compounds were measured from the liquid slurry incubated in room temperature ($20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$) for 2 wk in chamber whose structure is similar to slurry pit. Concentration of phenols and indoles was lower (p<0.05) in level 1, which was mixed HP 0.01%, MW 0.4% and PP 0.004% (98.69, 1.87 ppm) compared to control. Short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and branched chain fatty acid (BCFA) was lowest (p<0.05) level 1 (6,557, 1675 ppm). Taken together, lower level are effective in reducing odorous compounds in pig slurry.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2004

This research was conducted to study the offensive odor adhesion efficiency of filter bed materials using the experimental column that was designed and constructed in this work. The offensive odor adhesion experiment was conducted using mixture of high physical adhesion efficiency material, and the fixity of deodorization microorganism of selected filter bed material was tested using ammonia exclude microorganism A4-2 and sulfur oxidation microorganism S5-5.2 those were cultured at the Agricultural Chemical Department of Chungnam National University, and deodorization efficiency of selected filter bed material mixture was tested. Followings are summary of these tests results. 1) Amount of elimination of the offensive odor gas ammonia and hydrogen sulfide per unit volume were 0.054 and 0.016 $\ell$/㎤ in rice hull, 0.01 and 0.004 $\ell$/㎤ in rice straw, 0.158 and 0.01 $\ell$/㎤ in coconut, 0.014 and 0.02 $\ell$/㎤ in perlite, 0.004 and 0.003 $\ell$/㎤ in high road ball, and 0.112 and 0.015 $\ell$/㎤ chaff of pine, respectively. 2) Amount of elimination of offensive odor gas of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide per unit vloume were 0.079 and 0.016 $\ell$/㎤ in mixture 1, 0.045 and 0.014 $\ell$/㎤ in mixture 2, 0.123 and 0.017 $\ell$/㎤ in mixture 3, 0.055 and 0.016 $\ell$/㎤ in mixture 4, 0.031 and 0.015 $\ell$/㎤ in mixture 5, and 0.111 and 0.020 $\ell$/㎤ in mixture 6, respectively. 3) The offensive odor elimination microoraganism inoculated to the mixture of chaff of pine (70%) and pert (30%) showed the elimination efficiency of 99.06% and 96.61% against the ammonia and hydrongen sulfide, respectively, during 24 hours period.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2024

With the commercialization and full-timeization of the livestock industry, civil complaints continue to increase, and the livestock industry is facing a crisis due to social problems such as odor caused by livestock manure, soil pollution, water pollution, and environmental pollution. In order to increase productivity in livestock farms, the amount of livestock manure generated is increasing due to excessive use of protein feed and high-density breeding environment, and complaints such as odor and water pollution due to management problems are increasing rapidly. Livestock odor has emerged as a serious social problem, and due to growing complaints, conflicts between the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and the Ministry of Environment are even causing the livestock industry to lower its status. There is an urgent need for solutions to identify problems in the livestock industry and improve policies. This study aims to develop a " Abelmoschus Manihot Jinhuakui " brand that can improve the intestinal environment of livestock, reduce odors caused by livestock excrement, and improve the productivity of livestock farms in order to improve the increasingly serious odor problem in livestock sites. For Jeju livestock farms, which place more importance on the environment by securing tourists, eco-friendly feed additives were applied to the experiment, the results were derived, and the focus was on solving fundamental problems of odor generation through the development and packaging of feed additive brands. We aim to fundamentally solve the odor problem of domestic livestock farms, secure eco-friendly livestock farms, and contribute to reducing livestock odors and increasing productivity through research results that reduce ammonia levels in each livestock farm.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.170-183
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was conducted to estimate a technology to reduce hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in sewage odor using microbial deodorant. Methods: After injecting five commercially available microbial deodorants into fresh sewage, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide over time was measured using the headspace method. H₂S concentration in odor samples was measured using gas chromatograph/FPD. Calculated odor concentration and calculated odor intensity by H₂S concentration remaining after treatment with microbial deodorant were evaluated theoretically. Results: The rate of H₂S abatement by microbial deodorant differed depending on the experimental conditions and the type of deodorant, but it was found to range from 63 to 82%. Especially, two deodorants showed high H₂S reduction rates of over 80% on average. However, based on the best deodorant, the theoretically calculated odor concentration by H₂S after microbial deodorant treatment was 4,400 OU_k, and the theoretical odor intensity was also rated at 4 degrees or higher. Conclusions: In conclusion, microbial deodorant is considered to have a relatively high effect on reducing H₂S in sewage odor. However, even after treatment with microbial deodorant, calculated odor concentration and calculated odor intensity were relatively high. This is thought to be caused by other odorous substances besides H₂S.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.219-231
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• 2024

Feed has a great influence on the composition of swine manure, which is the principal cause of odor. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to simply change the shape of pig feed and control calories to find a suitable feed form for reducing the smell of swine manure. The experiment was conducted on 15 pigs from July to August 2021, and a total of three measurements were done. Three types of feed were evaluated in this study. The analysis items related to odor of swine manure are complex odor, ammonia, sulfur-based odors, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In the case of complex odor, dilution multiples tended to decrease over time, except for type A feed. The concentration of ammonia in all types of feed decreased over time. Most sulfur-based odorous substances except hydrogen sulfide at the first measurement were not detected. Representatively, Decane, 2,6-Dimethylnonane, and 1-Methyl-3-propylcycolhexane were detected in VOCs generated from swine manure. The major odorous substansces in swine manure have changed from ammonia and sulfur compounds to VOCs. In order to reduce the odor caused by swine manure, it is ad-vantageous to use low-calorie feed consisting of pellet-type.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.467-478
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• 2006

본 연구는 지금까지 돈사 악취 제어를 목적으로 이용되었던 여러 종류의 첨가제를 살포 방법을 통해 실제 돈사 현장에 적용하여 악취 저감 효율 및 지속성을 비교 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 소금물, 인공 식향료, 식물성 천연향료를 제외한 나머지 4개의 첨가제는 살포 전과 후의 악취 저감 현상이 뚜렷이 관찰되지 않았다. 소금물의 경우 특히 암모니아 농도의 시간에 따른 저감율이 현저했는데, 이는 소금물의 염소 이온이 피트 분뇨내 암모늄 이온과 결합, 수용액 상태로 존재하게 하여 대기 중으로 암모니아 발생을 억제했기 때문이라 판단된다. 인공 식향료의 경우 악취 원인 물질 농도의 저감 현상은 보이지 않았으나, 관능법으로 평가된 악취 강도와 불쾌도 측면에서는 상당한 제어 효과가 관찰되었다. 이러한 현상은 인공 식향료가 돈사내 피트 슬러리에서 발생되는 악취 원인 물질을 분해한다기 보다는 돈사내 악취 은폐제로써 작용하여 지속성은 짧지만 효율적인 악취 저감 작용을 한 것으로 사료된다. 식물성 천연향료의 경우 악취 강도와 불쾌도, 황 계열 악취 물질의 저감 효과가 다른 첨가제에 비해 상대적으로 월등하게 나타났다. 인공 식향료와는 달리 식물성 천연 향료는 은폐 효과와 더불어, 분뇨내 황 계열 악취 원인 물질을 생성하는 혐기성 미생물 군집의 생장을 제어하는 antimicrobial agent로서의 역할도 하는 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 악취 센서기를 통해 측정된 악취 농도는 위와는 상반된 결과가 나타났는데, 이는 악취 센서기가 인공 식향료와 식물성 천연향료가 자체적으로 지닌 향 성분도 악취의 한 범주로 인식되어 유도된 결과라 판단된다. 본 연구를 통해 나타난 결과는 현장에서 수행된 분석 결과로 실험 당일 날의 외부 기후 상황 및 돈사내 환경 여건에 따른 돼지들의 반응 행동 양상에 따라 실험 결과에 상당한 영향을 준다는 사실을 염두하여 고찰할 필요가 있다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.445-451
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• 2018

Urban sanitary sewer systems can aid in preventing inundation, and can improve civil health by effectively disposing stormwater and wastewater. However, since sewage odor can cause adverse effects, numerous technical and administrative studies have been conducted for reducing such odor. European countries and the United States of America (USA) built modern sewer systems in the late 19th century, and have since been endeavoring to eliminate sewage odors. Several cities of the USA, such as Los Angeles (LA) that has a separate sewer system and San Francisco (SF) that has a combined sewer system, have produced and distributed odor control master plan manuals. Features common in the odor reduction plans of both these cities are that the odor reduction programs are operated in all the respective local regions and are supported by administrative systems. The primary aspectual difference between the two said programs is that the city of LA employs a sewage air purification system, whereas the city of SF controls the emission of major odor causing compounds. Compared to the existing sewer odor reduction systems of these two cities, South Korea is still in the initial phase of development. Through technical studies and policy implementations for sewer odor reduction, a foundation can be laid for improving the civil health quality.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.469-482
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• 2003