• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2021

In this study, the odor of the parts and the odor of the surrounding environment were classified and verified. In order to increase the reliability of odor quantitative/qualitative analysis, the selection criteria for 5 sensory evaluators were established, and the n-Butanol control solution for each odor intensity was periodically trained to recognize the odor intensity before sensory evaluation. In addition, although various odor thresholds have been used through several studies, verification of whether the odor intensity value obtained through GC/MSD analysis is similar to the degree to which a person directly smells and feels it. It is important to select the odor threshold that has the best correlation with the odor intensity calculated by the person smelling the odor. Finally, sampling and measuring flowing airflow and temporary odors such as odor component analysis was experimentally difficult due to limited collection space and differences in concentration of generated components. In this study, a quantitative analysis was made possible by using the low temperature concentration (cooling) trap method. Through this, it was confirmed that the correlation with the actual odor intensity was not caused by the product itself, but by the environmental factor discharged from the product after creating the odor environment.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.477-483
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of odors emitted from sewage in a sanitary sewer and its outlets. Methods: The concentration of mal-odorous sulfur was analyzed by gas chromatograph, and odor intensity was estimated by an on-site sensory test. Odor intensity calculated from instrumental analysis results was compared with odor intensity observed at field. Results: As a results, the concentration of $H_2S$ ranged from 2.4 ppb to 5,889 ppb (average 703 ppb), while $CH_3SH$, $(CH_3)_2S$, and $(CH_3)_2S_2$ showed from 10 ppb to 554 ppb (average 119 ppb) and from 20 ppb to 332 ppb (average 70 ppb) and from 2.7 ppb to 8.1 ppb (average 5 ppb) individually. Average odor intensity observed in the field was degree three. Odor intensity calculated from sulfur compound concentration was confirmed as similar to the observed odor intensity because the coefficient of variance between the observed and the calculated intensities was less than one. Conclusion: It was expected that the results of this study will be helpful to design a deodorizing device to reduce odor emissions from sewerage facilities in the future.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of odor intensity on the olfactory sensibility and sensibility structure. Three odor samples(B, C, and D) of T&T olfactometer were selected by the preference rank : the lowest preference(C) ; the moderate one(B) ; and the highest one(D). Three levels(-1, +1, and +3) of odor intensity at each sample were presented to 50 subjects(25 female, 25 male), and the olfactory sensibility was rated by using semantic differential scale composed 25 sensibility characteristics. At each sample, the olfactory sensibility was significantly affected by the odor intensity. Moreover, the structure of olfactory sensibility was influenced by the odor intensity. However, two sensibility factors such as 'aesthetics' and 'intensity' were common factors, whereas 'mildness', 'complexity', and 'activity' were unique factors with odor intensity. In conclusion, the olfactory sensibility was significantly affected by the odor intensity and the odor preference.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.689-693
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• 2005

Different masking materials were evaluated for their ability to ameliorate odor of model poultry manure solution by assessing their effects on sensory pleasantness and odor intensity. Results indicated extracts from Eastern red cedar leaves, Loblolly pine needles', and commercial masking agents such as pine extract and odor neutralizer were effective (p<0.05) for masking odor of model poultry manure solution by increasing (p<0.05) pleasantness (82 and 86% increases in pleasantness using red cedar and pine needle extracts, respectively) and decreasing (p<0.05) odor intensity (odor intensity reduction by 66 and 76% using red cedar pine needle extract). The most odor-active compound in Loblolly pine needle extract was ${\alpha}$-terpineol (1,573.8 ug/g) which is responsible for aroma of pine trees (piney) and effective for ameliorating agricultural odors.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.170-183
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was conducted to estimate a technology to reduce hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in sewage odor using microbial deodorant. Methods: After injecting five commercially available microbial deodorants into fresh sewage, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide over time was measured using the headspace method. H₂S concentration in odor samples was measured using gas chromatograph/FPD. Calculated odor concentration and calculated odor intensity by H₂S concentration remaining after treatment with microbial deodorant were evaluated theoretically. Results: The rate of H₂S abatement by microbial deodorant differed depending on the experimental conditions and the type of deodorant, but it was found to range from 63 to 82%. Especially, two deodorants showed high H₂S reduction rates of over 80% on average. However, based on the best deodorant, the theoretically calculated odor concentration by H₂S after microbial deodorant treatment was 4,400 OU_k, and the theoretical odor intensity was also rated at 4 degrees or higher. Conclusions: In conclusion, microbial deodorant is considered to have a relatively high effect on reducing H₂S in sewage odor. However, even after treatment with microbial deodorant, calculated odor concentration and calculated odor intensity were relatively high. This is thought to be caused by other odorous substances besides H₂S.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.17-30
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• 2009

In Iksan city, there have been a lot of complaints caused by offensive odor from residents living near the public environmental infrastructures and the Iksan industrial complex. To solve these problems, it is important to know the present condition of odor pollution level in these areas, the emission characteristics of malodorous gases in temporal and spatial variations in addition to meteorological components, and the facilities of major sources emitting malodorous compounds. The objectives of this study is to make the odor monitoring network for 20 people who lived and worked in areas where the environmental infrastructures and the Iksan industrial complex are located and their neighboring areas for six months from June 1st to October 31st in 2008 in Iksan and to monitor the temporal and regional frequency and characteristics of odor intensity using direct olfactory methods. As a result of odor monitoring, the highest frequency of sensed odor per month and 20 people for six months was found to be 107 in July, followed by 84 in September, 80 in August, 54 in June, 38 in October, respectively. Odor intensity trend showed a regional trend in the decreasing order of Dongsan-dong, Busong-dong, and Palbong-dong. Odor was widely perceived from night through next morning and considered as the sense of excreta, chemicals, sewage, compost, waste, etc. When high odor intensity was sensed, there were constant meteorological characteristics: relative humidity was 80~90%, wind speed was less than 0.5~1 m/sec, and main wind directions were from the east, the southeast, and the south.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2001

For the odor test, it was chosen the conventional spreader, the hose spreader, and its combination with disk harrow and spring harrow as a slurry spreader. By the odor tester (Kalmor-$\sum$) with dairy slurry, the conventional spreader has the average $\sum$ value of 270, which means that one fells substantial odor and torment. In the cases of hose spreader and its combination with disk harrow, $\sum$ value was 217 and 182 respectively, which means a normal person does not smell any odor. Spreading the swine slurry with a conventional spreader shows $\sum$ value of 440, which means one feels unpleasant. The hose spreader shows $\sum$ value of 258, which lies in the limit one feels some odor and torment. Its combination with disk harrow has $\sum$ value 184, which means that a normal person can not smell any more. For the conventional spreader, the odor intensity indices from air dilution sensual test and 3 point odor bag as a sensual test were 66.9 and 35.4 respectively. On the other hand, the indices were 9.65 and 11.10 by hose spreader and its combination with disk harrow, which were lower than that of the regulation for industry. Therefore, the developed hose spreader showed an excellent effect on decreasing odor. The correlation between the results from odor tester and 3 point odor bag has shown 0.997 by swine slurry.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2005

As a typical example of simultaneous analysis of the odorous compounds, the volatile organic compounds from inventory sources in Seongseo industrial area were concentrated and analyzed with thermal desorber/GC/MSD, and major malodorous compounds were estimated. Odor intensity and odor concentration was analyzed simultaneously During a period from November in 2002 to December in 2003, this study was conducted to evaluate malodor emission characterization in major treatment facilities. The major components were Dimethyl sulfide, Dimethyl disulfide, Methyl mercaptane, Ammonia, Benzene, Toluene, m,p-xylene, o-xylene, Styrene, 1,2,4­T.M.B and 1,3,5-T.M.B. Among the six major inventory sources, the odor unit concentration of Night-soil disposal facilities was the highest, $669\~2344\;ou/m^{3}.$

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.165-175
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• 2013

This study aims to analysis correlation in septic tank and sewer pipe between odor substances and complex odor. For the analysis, convert odor substances to odor intensity, and estimate the effect of odor substances on complex odor. As a result, both Hydrogen sulfide and Methyl mercaptane of specified offensive odor substances accounted for 29 percent of the effect of odor substances on complex odor. Hydrogen sulfide and Methyl mercaptane are major cause of odor from septic tank and sewer pipe. The result of this study is suggested to be used as a preliminary data for research on analysis complex odor and odor substances.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1161-1168
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• 2009

본 연구는 시화공단 단지에서 발생하는 주요 악취물질의 특성을 조사하였다. TVOC의 블록 별 분포를 보면 기계블록인 장소 D의 농도가 74 ppb로 가장 높았다. 화학블록인 장소 A가 그 다음으로 높은 50 ppb의 농도를 보였으며, 복합블록과 금속블록, 공원 등은 30 ppb 내외의 유사한 농도 수준을 보였고, 복합블록인 장소 F에서 평균 TVOC가 18 ppb로 가장 낮게 측정되었다. 평균 TVOC 농도는 35 ppb로 나타났다. 아세트알데히드, 뷰티르알데히드 등을 비롯한 알데히드류와 황화수소의 농도가 시화공단 지역의 악취물질 중에서 높게 나타났다. 대표적으로 악취 강도가 높은 물질인 아세트알데히드, 뷰티르알데히드, 황화수소를 중심으로 블록 별 악취강도를 비교해 본 결과 장소 A, B(화학블록)와 장소 D, I(기계블록), 장소 H(금속블록)에서 세 물질의 악취강도가 모두 1을 넘었다. 아세트알데히드의 경우 악취강도가 2 내외로 비교적 높게 나타나는 경우가 많았다. 황화수소의 경우 상관계수의 값이(r) 0.91로 악취강도와 황화수소 성분 사이에 매우 높은 양의 상관성이 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 뷰티르알데히드도 상관계수가 0.82로 역시 높은 양의 상관성을 보였다. 악취물질 농도로는 가장 큰 값을 보였던 아세트알데히드는 상관계수가 0.62로 악취강도와 어느 정도의 상관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.