• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.155-161
• /
• 2020

Glossy Ibis (Plegadis falcinellus), which has never been recorded in South Korea, appeared on Jeju Island in 2018 and re-emerged in the inland area of Seocheon-gun (South Chungcheong Province) and in Goyang-si (Gyeonggi Province) in the following year. This study aims to report the progress in observing P. falcinellus in the inland areas of South Korea in 2019 and to predict its origin region and future propensity for habitats in the country through literature review. On 5 May 2019, an individual of P. falcinellus with breeding feathers was observed in a farmland in Wolsan-ri, Seocheon-gun. Twelve days later, another one was identified in a farmland in Janghang-dong, Goyang-si, about 173 km north of Wolsan-ri. The observed birds fed and rested in the area and stayed for only a day. The individual birds spotted in South Korea in 2019 are conjectured to have come from either Southeast Asia or Australia, among areas located in East Asian-Australasian Flyway (EAAF). This is because P. falcinellus, a species with excellent dispersal capacity, forms a population in new areas during extreme environmental changes in their current habitats, especially droughts. For 2 years, P. falcinellus was observed to be migrating in spring; however, in the future, they may exhibit the same propensity for breeding and habitats as that of birds migrating in autumn. As it is a conspicuous species, effective detection of their arrival requires a survey system that classifies the country by habitat type and involves periodic and multiple observations by experts and citizens.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2015

International Seabed Authority (ISA) is currently developing rules with regard to exploitation of manganese nodules which will be contained in its first regulations governing the exploitation of deep seabed mineral resources. A stakeholder survey was conducted in the early 2014 by ISA with the aim of facilitating participation of interested entities in the development process of the rules. The stakeholders who had replied to the survey included existing contractors, sponsoring States, environmentalists, academics, and nongovernmental organizations. Opinions given by them largely reflect their own interests. This paper aims to clarify the scope of the obligations regarding the environmental protection which may be imposed on contractors under the new regulations for the exploitation of manganese nodules. To do so, it first analyses the express provisions on environmental protection applicable to deep seabed mining included in the Law of the Sea Convention, its agreement on implementation of Part XI, and the regulations on exploration for manganese nodules. Secondly, it categorizes these obligations based on the categories of international obligations suggested by Combacau and Alland. Based on the categorizations this paper concludes that, in addition to the existing duties to protect deep seabed environment within the Law of the Sea Convention system, the following new obligations could be added: conservation of exploitation sites for a limited time after the contract is ceased; taking all necessary measures for rehabilitation of destroyed ecosystems that occurredas a result of mining activities; monitoring exploitation sites for a limited period time after the contract is ceased; observing rules and standards on safety of ships and environmental protection adopted under IMO instruments; regulation on the discharge of mine tailings from the facilities used for exploitation of deep sea minerals. Lastly, this paper attempts to provide ways of reflecting national interests in terms of potential obligations which may be included in the new regulations.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.197-204
• /
• 2007

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the public's awareness of the importance of hand washing and to compare perceptions on the habit of hand washing with actual hand washing behavior. Methods : Data were collected by observing 2,800 participants washing their hands after using public restrooms in seven cities nationwide and by surveying 1,000 respondents (age > 14 years) through telephone interviews using a structured questionnaire. Results : Although 94% of the survey respondents claimed to mostly or always wash their hands after using public restrooms, only 63.4% of the observed participants did wash their hands after using public restrooms. Significant factors related to increased adherence to hand washing were female gender, approximate ages of 20 to 39 years by their appearance, and the presence of other people from the observation. About 79% of the survey respondents always washed their hands after using bathrooms at home, 73% washed their hands before handling food, and 67% washed their hands upon returning to their home. However, 93.2% and 86.3% of the survey respondents did not wash their hands after coughing or sneezing and after handling money, respectively. Although most of the survey respondents (77.6%) were aware that hand washing is helpful in preventing communicable diseases, 39.6% of the survey respondents did not do so because they were 'not accustomed' to washing their hands and 30.2% thought that washing their hands is 'annoying'. Conclusions : This is the first comprehensive report on hand washing behavior and awareness of the general population in Korea. The result of this study in terms of individual behavior and awareness of hand washing are comparable with similar studies conducted in other countries. However adherence to hand washing is still low and needs to be increased. The results of this study can be used as a baseline in setting up strategies and activities to promote adherence to hand washing.

• 정보보호학회논문지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.767-779
• /
• 2013

개인정보보호 분야는 타 분야에 비해 통계 및 현황에 대한 정보가 부족하다. 또한 개인정보보호 분야는 정보화, 정보보안, 법 등 어느 분야에도 일방적으로 속하지 않아 부수적으로만 실태 파악이 되고 있어 앞으로도 한계가 있을 것이다. 본 논문에서는 약 11만 개의 개인정보처리자가 공개하고 있는 개인정보 처리방침을 이용하여 방대한 양의 데이터를 수집하고 저장하여 이를 분석할 수 있는 방안을 제시하고 실제 결과를 보여준다. 제시된 방안은 데이터의 품질이 보장되고 시간과 비용을 절감할 수 있어 기존 방식에 비해 결과에 대한 정확성과 현황 파악에 대한 신속성에 있어 유리하다. 또한 다양한 분석이 가능하여 개인정보보호에 대한 실태 파악의 새로운 돌파구 역할을 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 개인정보보호와 빅데이터 분야의 접목을 통해 개인정보보호의 발전 방안을 제시하고 있다.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.1-28
• /
• 2006

IT 산업의 발전과 더불어 사회 및 산업 환경에서 컴퓨터와 컴퓨터 망을 이용한 새로운 환경을 구축하고자 하는 유비쿼터스 혁명이 도래하고 있다. 특히 일반 사용자 측면에서 볼 때 유비쿼터스 환경이 제공하는 양방향적이고 능동적인 지원 서비스는, 기존의 일방향적 서비스와 질적으로 구별되는 새로운 서비스 패러다임이 될 것이며, 따라서 기존의 제품 사용성이나 서비스 체험 양상과는 다른 차원의 서비스 평가 문제를 불러일으킬 것이다. 본 연구는 유비쿼터스 서비스에 대한 여러 차원의 경험을 종합적으로 u-서비스 체험성이라 정의하고, 이 u-서비스 체험성을 평가하는 요인과 문항에 대한 타당화를 위하여, u-서비스에 대한 체험성 모형을 제안하고자 하였다. u-서비스 관련 시나리오와 미리 개발된 서비스 체험 평가문항들을 이용하여, u-서비스 체험성에 대한 요인분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 나-중심성, 주권성, 멋, 사용성, 신뢰성, 접속성 등의 6 개의 하위 요인으로 구조화된 유비쿼터스 서비스의 체험성 모형을 확인하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.291-303
• /
• 2020

The deformation of the rock surrounding a tunnel manifests due to the stress redistribution within the surrounding rock. By observing the deformation of the surrounding rock, we can not only determine the stability of the surrounding rock and supporting structure but also predict the future state of the surrounding rock. In this paper, we used grey system theory to analyse the factors that affect the deformation of the rock surrounding a tunnel. The results show that the 5 main influencing factors are longitudinal wave velocity, tunnel burial depth, groundwater development, surrounding rock support type and construction management level. Furthermore, we used seismic prospecting data, preliminary survey data and excavated section monitoring data to establish a neural network learning model to predict the total amount of deformation of the surrounding rock during tunnel collapse. Subsequently, the probability of a change in deformation in each predicted section was obtained by using a Bayesian method for detecting change points. Finally, through an analysis of the distribution of the change probability and a comparison with the actual situation, we deduced the survey mark at which collapse would most likely occur. Surface collapse suddenly occurred when the tunnel was excavated to this predicted distance. This work further proved that the Bayesian method can accurately detect change points for risk evaluation, enhancing the accuracy of tunnel collapse forecasting. This research provides a reference and a guide for future research on the probability analysis of tunnel collapse.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제11권6호
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2011

This study aimed at suggesting improvement of lighting environment of the coffee house using study place. To this end, a series of field investigation was conducted in four possible target coffee houses around university. The field measurement included measurement of general illuminance and tabletop illuminance, observing illumination condition, and status of artificial lighting. Also, on-site questionnaire survey was administrated to 80 users of field measurement targets about using characteristics of coffee house and user's subjective response on light environment. The results are summarized as follows: (1) According to questionnaire survey, most of users checked 'learning (study and reading)' in 'purpose of coffee house using', and 'slightly dark' was checked most in each subjective response (brightness on general space and on tabletop at daytime/night); (2) as results of measurements on general illuminance and on tabletop illuminance during daytime, only one coffee house was suitable for standard; (3) as results of measurements on illuminance during night, all target coffee houses were not met the standard; (4) as results of uniformity ratios, almost uniformities of general illuminance were not met the standard except one case. The common problems of lighting environment of coffee house were analyzed as lack of daylight illumination e.g. having low amount of sunshine from skylight, un-uniformity of insolation by floor plan and absence of window blind, and un-uniformity of artificial luminous intensity e.g. lack of the number or brightness of artificial lighting, using the indirect lighting, using only local lighting, and non-uniform arrangement of artificial lighting.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제24권10호
• /
• pp.1449-1460
• /
• 2021

The visual design elements of packaging play an vital role in attracting consumers' attention, forming their sense of pleasure and sensory expectations, as well as having an important impact on the actual product experience. This study aims to explore whether the colors and textures in the packaging design elements of canned beer will affect consumers' senses, judgments and taste perception of canned beer. Participants in Survey I (N=193) evaluated their expectations for beer freshness, softness, bitterness and alcohol content by observing the packaging of canned beer, then recorded whether they could get the expected experience when tasting beer, and evaluated their preference and purchase intention. In the Survey II, 4 kind of colors and 2 types of texture shapes were applied, and all participants were provided with the same beer for multivariate cross contract analysis to evaluate the specific impact of color and texture of packaging design elements on consumers' taste and the interaction between sensory judgment and taste perception.The results showed that both colors and textures had a significant affect on the sensory expectation (pre-tasting score) of canned beer, but their effects on the sensory score after tasting (actual perception)were inobvious. The analysis of the influence of the interaction between color, texture and shape on taste perception shows that when the expected packaging appearance perception is similar to the actual drinking perception (i.e., straight line and B/G or arc line and Y/R), it is more likely to obtain consumers' favor and higher purchase intention evaluation than the inconsistent canned beer packaging (i.e., straight line and Y/R and arc line and B/G). This paper discusses the influence of these results on the packaging design of canned beer and the possibility of improving the brand efficiency by meeting the visual elements of packaging design expected by consumers.

• 의학교육논단
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.84-101
• /
• 2023

Longitudinal data can provide important evidence with the potential to stimulate innovation and affect policies in medical education and can serve as a driving force for further developments in medical education through evidence-based decisions. Tracking and observing cohorts of students and graduates using longitudinal data can be a way to link the past, present, and future of medical education. This study reviewed practical methods and technical, administrative, and ethical considerations for the establishment and operation of a longitudinal database and presented examples of longitudinal databases. Cohort study design methods and previous examples of research using longitudinal databases to explore major topics in medical education were also reviewed. The implications of this study are as follows: (1) a systematic design process is required to establish longitudinal data, and each university should engage in ongoing deliberation about this issue; (2) efforts are needed to alleviate "survey fatigue" among respondents and reduce the administrative burden of those conducting data collection and analysis; (3) it is necessary to regularly review issues of personal information protection, data security, and ethics regarding the survey respondents; and (4) a system should be established that integrates and manages a longitudinal database of medical education at the national level. The hope is that establishing longitudinal data and cohorts at individual medical schools will not be a temporary phenomenon, but rather that they will be well utilized at the national level to innovate and implement ongoing changes in medical education.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
• /
• 제35권
• /
• pp.5.1-5.14
• /
• 2023

Background: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are chemicals widely used in various products in everyday life. Due to its unique strong binding force, the half-life of PFAS is very long, so bioaccumulation and toxicity to the human body are long-standing concerns. In particular, effects on kidney function have recently emerged and there are no studies on the effect of PFAS on kidney function through epidemiological investigations in Korea. From 2018 to 2020, the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycle 4, conducted an epidemiological investigation on the blood concentration of PFAS for the first time in Korea. Based on this data, the relationship between PFAS blood concentration and kidney function was analyzed for adolescents. Methods: We investigated 5 types of PFAS and their total blood concentration in 811 middle and high school students, living in Korea and included in KoNEHS cycle 4, and tried to find changes in kidney function in relation to PFAS concentration. After dividing the concentration of each of the 5 PFAS and the total concentration into quartiles, multivariable linear regression was performed to assess the correlation with kidney function. The bedside Schwartz equation was used as an indicator of kidney function. Results: As a result of multivariable linear regression, when observing a change in kidney function according to the increase in the concentration of each of the 5 PFAS and their total, a significant decrease in kidney function was confirmed in some or all quartiles. Conclusions: In this cross-sectional study of Korean adolescents based on KoNEHS data, a negative correlation between serum PFAS concentration and kidney function was found. A well-designed longitudinal study and continuous follow-up are necessary.