• 한국BIM학회 논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2016

Learning effect is an observation that the more times a task is performed, the less time is required to produce the same amount of outcomes. The construction industry heavily relies on repeated tasks where the learning effect is an important measure to be used. However, most construction durations are calculated and applied in real projects without considering the learning effects in each of the repeated activities. This paper applied the learning effect to the repeated activities in a small sized apartment construction project. The result showed that there was about 10 percent of difference in duration (one approach of the total duration with learning effects in 41 days while the other without learning effect in 36.5 days). To make the comparison between the two approaches, a large number of BIM based computer simulations were generated and useful patterns were recognized using machine learning algorithm named Decision Tree (See5). Machine learning is a data-driven approach for pattern recognition based on observational evidence.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2017

Purpose: Recent electrophysiological studies have shown that the sensorymotor cortex is activated during both actual action excuted by themselves and observation of action performed by other persons. Observation of action based on mirror neuron system can be used as a cognitive intervention to promote motor learning. The purpose of this study was to investigate the brain activity changes during action observation and action execution using EEG. Methods: Thirty healthy volunteers participated and were requested to perform hand action and to observe the video of hand action performed by another person. The EEG activity was evaluated by a method which segregated the time-locked for each condition. To compare the differences between action observation and execution, the Mu suppression and the relative band power were analysed. Results: The results showed significant mu suppression during the action observation and execution, but the differences between the two conditions were not observed. The relative band power showed a significant difference during the action observation and execution, but there were no differences between the two conditions. Conclusion: These results indicate that action execution and observation involve overlapping neural networks in the sensorymotor cortical areas, proposing positive changes on neurophysiology. We are expected to provide information related to the intervention of cognitive rehabilitation.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.203-213
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 곤충 종의 외관구조인 머리, 몸통, 날개, 다리에 대한 관찰자의 일반적이고 수평적인 관찰특성에 따라 자유롭게 곤충 종을 관찰함으로써 관찰 곤충 검색엔진에서의 사용자 만족도 제고와 보다 효율적인 관찰학습의 방법을 제안한다. 자연생태 환경에서 초보 학습자의 효율적인 관찰검색과 효과적 학습을 위해서는 생물학적 분류체계가 아닌 곤충 종의 외관구조 즉, 외부 신체구조의 모양과 특성 중심의 곤충관찰 기반의 검색(Insect Search by Observation based on Insect Appearance: ISOIA)이 필요하다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 곤충의 외관구조인 머리, 몸통, 날개, 다리에 대한 관찰자의 일반적인 관찰방법에 따른ISOIA 검색방식을 제안하고, 기존의 ISBC와 ISOBC 검색체계에 대한 사용 만족도를 비교 분석하여 본 논문에서 제안하는 ISOIA 검색 방안이 우수함을 보이고자 한다.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.701-710
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• 2018

4차 산업혁명에서 모든 기기들과 사람들이 상호 연동되어 새로운 부가가치를 창조하는 시대이다. 무엇보다도 중요한 것이 소프트웨어이기 때문에 초등학교에서 소프트웨어 교육이 필요하다. 그러나 지금까지 초등학교에서 소프트웨어를 교육하기 위한 교수 학습 방법이 부족하다. 본 연구에서는 이런 문제를 해결하기 위하여 소프트웨어 교육을 위한 IDOL 모델을 제안하다. 본 모형은 구현하기(implement), 다변화 시키기(diversify) 관찰하기(observe)를 통해서 학습하는(learning)것이다. 구현하기 단계에서는 초등학생들은 빨리 만들어 보는 것에 초점을 두었고, 다변화시키기 단계에서는 만든 것을 다양하게 변경하여 보는 것이고, 관찰하기 단계에서 변경된 것이 어떻게 다른지 관찰하고 평가하는 단계이다. 본 모형은 전문가 집단을 통한 덜파이 검증한 결과 타당하다고 판별되었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2024

This study was conducted on how to simulate runoff, which was done using existing physical models, using an LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) model based on deep learning. Tancheon, the first tributary of the Han River, was selected as the target area for the model application. To apply the model, one water level observatory and four rainfall observatories were selected, and hourly data from 2020 to 2023 were collected to apply the model. River water level of the outlet of the Tancheon basin was simulated by inputting precipitation data from four rainfall observation stations in the basin and average preceding 72-hour precipitation data for each hour. As a result of water level simulation using 2021 to 2023 data for learning and testing with 2020 data, it was confirmed that reliable simulation results were produced through appropriate learning steps, reaching a certain mean absolute error in a short period time. Despite the short data period, it was found that the mean absolute percentage error was 0.5544~0.6226%, showing an accuracy of over 99.4%. As a result of comparing the simulated and observed values of the rapidly changing river water level during a specific heavy rain period, the coefficient of determination was found to be 0.9754 and 0.9884. It was determined that the performance of LSTM, which aims to simulate river water levels, could be improved by including preceding precipitation in the input data and using precipitation data from various rainfall observation stations within the basin.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.183-198
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• 2023

Classroom observation instruments are often used to evaluate teachers' instructional practices and provide feedback to inform interventions or research studies, or professional development efforts. While designed as research tools, many classroom observation instruments can provide important information to support teachers' learning and instructional change by providing a focus for formative assessment or self-evaluation of practice. In this paper, we review two classroom observation tools and the protocols for their use with an implementation example for one of the tools. These tools are more foreign to the field compared to others but have features that might serve as affordances in relation to the purposes of a specific investigation.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

해양조난사고 발생 시 해상 익수자의 안전과 생명 보장을 위해 구조자산을 활용한 신속한 탐색 및 구조작전은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 해양관측부이에서 수집되는 기상정보에 다중선형회귀분석, 의사결정나무, 서포트벡터머신, 벡터자기회귀, 순환신경망의 LSTM을 활용하여 울릉도 북서해역의 표층해류를 분석하고 유향과 유속에 대한 각각의 예측모형을 구축하여 예측된 유향과 유속정보를 통해 해상 익수자의 이동경로를 예측하는 모형들을 제안한다. 본 연구에서 적용한 다양한 기계학습 모형을 MAE와 RMSE의 성능 평가척도로 비교해 볼 때 LSTM이 가장 우수한 성능을 보였다. 또한, 익수자 이동지점과 예측모형의 예측지점 간 거리 차이에 있어서도 LSTM이 다른 모형들에 비해 탁월한 성능을 나타내었다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.457-467
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• 2022

본 연구는 초등학교 3학년 학급에서 학급 운영의 일환으로 식물 관찰 활동을 1년 동안 진행하며 학생들에게 미친 효과가 무엇인지 탐색한 연구이다. 식물 관찰 활동의 효과를 살펴보기 위해 식물 관찰 활동을 시간적인 순서에 따라 기술하며 관찰 유형을 분석하였고, 학생들이 느낀 인식적 정서를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 꾸준한 식물 관찰 활동은 학생들의 관찰 유형에 의미 있는 변화를 일으켰다. 둘째, 식물 관찰 활동은 학생들이 긍정적인 정서를 가지고 참여하도록 유도하였다. 즉, 꾸준한 식물 관찰 활동은 학생들이 다양한 감각을 활용하여 관찰하도록 하였고, 흥미를 높이고 호기심을 키우며 재밌게 참여한 후에는 만족을 주는 배움을 이끌어냈다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.140-150
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine learning styles and preferred learning methods of clinical nurses. Method: Data were collected from 735 nurses at one university hospital in Seoul. Learning style inventory, a self-report questionnaire was completed by the subjects. Result: Learning styles of nurses were accommodator 35.9%, diverger 30.4%, converger 18.2%, assimilator 15.5%. Learning styles varied significantly with clinical practice area and academic background. Furthermore, RO(reflective observation) learning mode varied significantly according to the clinical practice area. AC(abstractive conceptualization) learning mode varied significantly with job position. AC and AE(active experimentation) learning modes varied significantly according to the academic background and preferred learning method. Preferred learning methods were lecture 24.8%, clinical practice 23.1%, self-directed learning 21.5%, audiovisual education 16.7%, and group discussion 13.9%. Preferred learning methods varied significantly with learning styles and career. Lecture was preferred in diverger and self-directed learning was preferred in assimilator. Clinical practice was preferred in accommodator and converger. Conclusions: This study suggested that clinical education should be applied to nurses after examining learning styles and preferred learning methods. In conclusion, to identify the nurses' learning styles could be helpful for developing the effective educational skill.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.154-163
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• 1996

In Korea, previous survey in science education mainly dealt with Quantitative variables. Qualitative ethnographic observation can bring deeper understanding of the context of school lesson and it's feature. The purpose of this study was to develop qualitative understanding about the learning experiences provided in middle school and students' responses to them through observation and interview and to investigate it from a constructivist perspective. Six lessons of the 9th grade were observed and recorded on the video tape. The topics of the lessons were potential energy, kinetic energy and conservation of mechanical energy. We had also unstructured interview with the teacher and three groups of students. The teacher's deductive explanation starting from scientific definition and quantitative problem solving using formula were the main features of the classroom lectures. The video - watching lesson was taking the role of a break rather than being seen as a useful tool for science learning and teaching by both students and the teacher. The teacher's perception about the lab experiment was not supported by the responses from the students. The teacher and students preferred problem-book to textbook for their teaching and learning. From a constructivist's perspective, however the teacher seemed to have intention of introducing daily life context, he couldn't unfold it to main context of the lessons. Students were so accustomed to passive learning that they did not express directly their complaint about their learning and did not participate in planing and controling their learning. The teacher and the students believed the scientific knowledge came from an exact experiment. There was a cooperation to seek right answer rather than a social process of making sense of knowledge. In conclusion, the observed science lessons of a middle school showed typical cross section of teacher - centered, passive learning environment, which is far from constructivist perspective.