• School Mathematics
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.435-461
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• 2002

In this paper I attempt to survey on the theories of observation and analysis of mathematics classroom discourse. In order to discuss applicability of the theories I look at preservice teachers' observation of mathe-matics classroom and teachers' conception of mathematics lesson. In examining reports from preservice teachers' I identify how they understand mathematics lesson and how the theories can enhance their understanding. Not surprisingly, there are lots of obstacles for teachers to practice mathe-matics educational theories. 1 find some features of their efforts or attempts to overcome the obstacles in an attempt to gain insights into alternative ways of concep-tualizing the methods of observation and analysis through the interview and the discussion with teachers.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.135-149
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• 2003

This study aimed to develop an observation scale for assessing the quality of day care programs and to examine reliability and validity of the scale. Instruments included 3 self-assessment scales, the Evaluation Scale for Early Childhood Programs and an observation scale completed by 8 trained observers in 89 day care sites. Item analysis indicated that most items were acceptable in terms of item discrimination and item response distribution. Cronbach ${\alpha}^{\prime}s$ and inter-observer reliability were relatively high. Validity of the scale was evidenced by correlations between the observation scale and the criterion measure and inter-correlations among sub-areas of the observation scale. Scores on the observation scale were validated by quality ratings from self-assessment scores.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.229-235
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• 2015

We estimated the orbit of the Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS), a Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite, through data from actual optical observations using telescopes at the Sobaeksan Optical Astronomy Observatory (SOAO) of the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Optical Wide field Patrol (OWL) at KASI, and the Chungbuk National University Observatory (CNUO) from August 1, 2014, to January 13, 2015. The astrometric data of the satellite were extracted from the World Coordinate System (WCS) in the obtained images, and geometrically distorted errors were corrected. To handle the optically observed data, corrections were made for the observation time, light-travel time delay, shutter speed delay, and aberration. For final product, the sequential filter within the Orbit Determination Tool Kit (ODTK) was used for orbit estimation based on the results of optical observation. In addition, a comparative analysis was conducted between the precise orbit from the ephemeris of the COMS maintained by the satellite operator and the results of orbit estimation using optical observation. The orbits estimated in simulation agree with those estimated with actual optical observation data. The error in the results using optical observation data decreased with increasing number of observatories. Our results are useful for optimizing observation data for orbit estimation.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.57-74
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• 2009

In order to clarify the vertical ozone distribution in planetary boundary layer of coastal area with complex terrain, an observation campaign was carried out around Gwangyang Bay with dense pollutant emission sources during two days from June, 4 2007. For this observation are Radiosonde, SODAR(SOnic Detection And Ranging) and Tethered ozone sonde were employed. The surface meteorological and photochemical observation data provided by AWS (Automatic Weather System) and AQMS (Air Quality Monitoring System) were also applied for analysis. Synoptic condition is strongly associated with lower level ozone distribution in complex terrain coastal area. Since mesoscale circulation induced by difference of characteristics of land and sea and orographic forcing is predominant under calm synoptic condition, vertical distribution of ozone is complicate and vertical ozone concentration greatly fluctuated. However in second day when synoptic influence become strong, ozone concentration in lower levels is vertically uniform regardless of observation level. This results in vertical observation indicates that vertical ozone distribution is often determined by synoptic condition and also affects surface ozone concentration.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.185-197
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference between eye movements according to science achievement of elementary school students in observation situation. Science achievement was based on the results of national achievement test conducted in 2012, a random sampling of classes. As an assessment tool to check observation test, two observation measure problems from TSPS (Test of Science Process Skill; developed in 1994) suitable for eye tracking system are adopted. The subjects of this study were twenty students of sixth grade who agreed to participate in the research. SMI (SensoMotoric Instruments)' iView $X^{TM}$ RED was used to collect eye movement data and Experiment 3.1 and BeGaze 3.1 program were used to plan and analyze experiment. As a result, eye movements in observation test varied greatly in fixation duration, frequency, saccade, saccade velocity and eye blink according to students' science achievement. Based on the result of eye movements analysis, heuristic search eye movement was discussed as an alternative to improve underachievers' science achievement.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.399-407
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• 2014

In this study, before and after sunset carbon dioxide concentration and air temperature were observed in two points of atmosphere (lower observation point of the GL + 0.1 m, the upper observation point of GL + 1.0 m) on the foreshore at located in Suncheon Bay and their variations were analyzed. Observation was performed on the foreshore on 2~4 August 2010. Instrument (VAISALA, GMP343) was set two hours before sunset and then observation was made continuously for six hours. In three days, observed carbon dioxide concentration was 375~419 ppm, and the air temperature was in the range of $28.7{\sim}32.5^{\circ}C$. The average concentration of carbon dioxide was 388~399 ppm in the upper observation point and 386~396 ppm in the lower observation point. It was higher in the upper observation point and its fluctuations were similar in two observation points. Correlation coefficients between carbon dioxide concentration and air temperature in the upper observation point were in the range of -0.64~-0.88, and were calculated -0.65 to -0.90 in the lower observation point. For the carbon dioxide concentration, correlation coefficients between the upper part and the lower part were very high as 0.98 in three times. For the air temperature, correlation coefficients between the upper part and the lower part were very high as 0.97 and 0.99. In the same observation time, the slope of the linear regression function as carbon dioxide concentration in the lower observation point for the upper observation point was in the range of 0.97~1.01. Carbon dioxide concentration was slightly higher in the upper observation point. Because carbon dioxide in the lower observation point was closer on the surface of the foreshore and absorbed from atmosphere to the foreshore. In this study, it was showed that the vertical variation of carbon dioxide concentration was insignificant in the several meter scale of atmosphere on the surface of the foreshore.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.186-187
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• 2004

• Atmosphere
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.263-276
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• 2022

The observation error of satellite radiation data that assimilated into the Korean Integrated Model (KIM) was diagnosed by applying the Hollingsworth and Lönnberg and Desrozier techniques commonly used. The magnitude and correlation of the observation error, and the degree of contribution for the satellite radiance data were calculated. The observation errors of the similar device, such as Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) and Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A shows different characteristics. The model resolution accounts for only 1% of the observation error, and seasonal variation is not significant factor, either. The observation error used in the KIM is amplified by 3-8 times compared to the diagnosed value or standard deviation of first-guess departures. The new inflation value was calculated based on the correlation between channels and the ratio of background error and observation error. As a result of performing the model sensitivity evaluation by applying the newly inflated observation error of ATMS, the error of temperature and water vapor analysis field were decreased. And temperature and water vapor forecast field have been significantly improved, so the accuracy of precipitation prediction has also been increased by 1.7% on average in Asia especially.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.52-60
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• 2016

Observation about space is looked steady in an instant, but in continuous movement, one's observation unconsciously stays at different points. In department store, customer actually observes around the store for buying, not focusing on certain point. By studying customer's movement and observation feature, buying desire and interest can be found. For analysis of the different searching-features according to the continuous-observation depending on sex, the study is set up to record movements of customers at women in Department store. The following are the findings. First, Men observed 0.2-0.4 units more in I-II section which are assumed as predominant. The result shows that men can focus on more section (around +0.4%) and longer (around +5.7%) than women do. Second, the same feature of observation depending on sex is that both men and women observe left and right section while keep focusing on middle section. Third, according to the fact that right-focused observation magnificently occurred in the image curved to right, the Space-composition has influenced on the observation of both men and women on the space. Forth, excessive number of display can cause avoidance of observation. Moreover, observation does not stay on the coverage due to wall or post, but is attracted to the brand name. As brand name causes right-focused observation in the image [(8)], brand name can be one of the reasons to attract observation in women apparel store. To sum up, this study is noticeable as it researches about continuous-observation. Furthermore, verifying the result that the composition of space and the placement of products can cause big differences in the observation feature is meaningful outcome.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.617-622
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• 2016

The article describes the determination of the dynamic stability for an observation antenna, considering the rotational speed by the payload driving motor. A finite element model of the observation antenna was made using the solid and beam elements. The connecting parts between the solid and the beam was adequately coupled. The boundary conditions were made by restriction of the degree of freedoms in the supporting points. With the comparison between the modal analysis results and the rotating speed of the payload driving motor, no resonance for the structure of antenna was identified and first natural frequency was determined under 33 Hz (Seismic Cut-Off Frequency). Therefore, the dynamic stability of the antenna was confirmed by the comparism between the seismic safety criterion and the stress results of the dynamic analysis applied the loading conditions and required response spectrum (RRS).