• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.354-358
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to verify the effects of bridge exercise with resistance to one hip joint adductor muscle on the thickness of external and internal oblique abdominal muscles, transversus abdominis muscle, and erector spinae muscle. Methods: The subjects were divided into two exercise groups: 15 for Bridge Exercise Group (BEG) and 15 for One Hip joint Adduction Bridge Exercise Group (OHABEG). The study used an ultrasonic instrument to measure trunk muscle thickness. OHABEG performed a bridge exercise with one hip Joint adduction. BEG performed a bridge exercise without resistance. Results: The external oblique abdominal, internal oblique abdominal, and the transversus abdominis muscles showed a significant increase by period and time in intra-group interactions (p<0.05), while there was no significant difference in inter-group changes (p>0.05). The erector spinae muscle had a significant increase in each period (p<0.05) but no significant difference in time, intra-group interactions, and in inter-group changes (p>0.05). Conclusion: These results demonstrated that bridge exercise with one hip joint adduction had positive effects on trunk muscle thickness. These results confirm that a bridge exercise with one hip joint adduction has a positive effect on the muscle thickness of trunk, suggesting the possibility of using it as a rehabilitation treatment for a lumbar stabilization exercise and as a basic data.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.283-289
• /
• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of mid frequency electrical stimulation during squat exercise on the muscle activity and muscle activity ratio of vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis, and to prepare scientific basic data for exercise intervention using mid frequency electrical stimulation. Methods : This study was conducted with students from University C located in Busan, and among a total of 123 subjects, 12 subjects who complained of knee joint dysfunction between 80 and 90 points using the Kujala patellofemoral score (KPS) were used. All subjects participated in the experiment for 3 days, and MVIC values were measured for normalization of muscle activity values on the first day. For the two days, participants participated in the experiment and performed squat exercise or squat exercise receiving mid-frequency electrical stimulation in random order. Measurements were taken in the squat position immediately after the squat exercise, and muscle activities of vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis were measured. The measured data were compared through the dependent t test, and the statistical significance level was set to .05. Results : According to the results of this study, in the case of applying mid-frequency electrical stimulation together in the ratio of vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis muscle activity during squat exercise, higher values were observed compared to the case of not applying mid-frequency electrical stimulation together, and statistically significant. Also, when mid-frequency electrical stimulation was applied to both vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis activities during the squat exercise, higher values were shown compared to the case where the mid-frequency electrical stimulation was not applied together, but there was no statistically significant difference. Conclusion : The results of this study reported that mid-frequency electrical stimulation provided to vastus medialis oblique increased the muscle activity ratio of vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis. Therefore, the improvement of coordination due to the enhancement of the activity of vastus medialis oblique through mid-frequency electrical stimulation will be more helpful in the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome patient. In addition, it is hoped that the electrical stimulation method applied to exercise will be widely used.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.510-515
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the influences of chronic shoulder pain on the muscle tone in trunk muscles. The study's subjects were 40 men and women in their 30 to 50s, which were divided into two groups. A chronic shoulder pain group consisted of 20 subjects who had been diagnosed with chronic shoulder pain by doctors, and a painless group consisted of 20 subjects who had experienced no such pain. An analysis was performed using electromyography on the muscle tone in the rectus abdominalis, external oblique, internal oblique, and erector spinae muscles under the same conditions between the two groups. The analysis results were as follows. The chronic shoulder pain group exhibited an overall high level of trunk muscle tone than the painless group, along with a statistically significant difference in the rectus abdominalis(p<.05). Moreover, the chronic shoulder pain group showed differences in the trunk muscle tone depending on the affected side. The chronic left shoulder pain group yielded higher levels of muscle tone in the right-side trunk muscles. In particular, the group revealed statistically significant differences in the rectus abdominalis and internal oblique(p<.05). The chronic right shoulder pain group exhibited higher levels of muscle tone in the left-side trunk muscles with a statistically significant difference in the internal oblique(p<.05). The above results suggested that chronic shoulder pain influences increases in the muscle tone in the trunk muscles on the opposite side to the affected shoulder.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2014

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cross bag weight and carrying bag position type on vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis muscle activity ratio during step up. Method : Twenty healthy subjects participated in this study. subjects randomized performed step up with bag weight less than 15%, more than 15% of totalbody weight and without bag and carrying bag position ipsilateral and contralateral. muscle activity was measured with surface electromyography. One-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used with a significance level of 0.05 Result : The results of this study were as follows: 1. The muscle activity ratio decreased significantly ipsilateral bag position more than 15% of body weight(p<.05). Also, the muscle activity ratio increased significantly contra lateral bag position more than 15% of body weight(p<.05). Conclusion : In conclusion, it was found that applied carrying bag position with weight on VMO,VL muscle activity ratio during step up down. Therefore carrying bag position can be used to selective activate vastus medialis oblique muscle in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.52-57
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This study compared the muscle activities of the Vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and the Vastus lateralis (VL) at three different knee extension angles: 90°, 135°, and 180° in the sitting position. Methods: Twenty subjects between 20 and 30 years of age participated in the study. A mobile phone application called the Clinometer was used to measure the knee joint angle. Electromyography (EMG) was performed to measure the muscle activities of the VMO and VL muscles during knee isometric extension exercises. The pulling sensor was used to maintain 70% of the maximum strength of the knee extensor continuously in the sitting position. After attaching the EMG sensor, the subjects were asked to perform isometric knee extension exercises randomly among three knee extension angles (90°, 135°, or 180°) in the sitting position. One-way repeated measures analysis of the variance and a Bonferroni post hoc test was used to identify the VMO and VL muscle activity during knee extension angles among 90°, 135°, and 180°. Results: The VMO and VL muscle activities increased with increasing knee extension angle in the sitting position (p<0.01). Conclusions: Knee extension exercise at a 180° angle in the sitting position can be recommended to increase the muscle activity of the VMO and VL muscle activities efficiently.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.91-99
• /
• 2019

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the activity of trunk muscles according to width of the foot and posture of the arm during sit to stand (STS). METHODS: Thirty subjects were recruited and examined for variation in muscle activity of the erector spine, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and external oblique during different STS conditions; namely, the cross arm basic sit to stand (CBSTS), overhead basic sit to stand (OBSTS), cross arm wide sit to stand (CWSTS), and overhead wide sit to stand (OWSTS). Repeated measures ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was used for analysis. RESULTS: Erector spinae muscle activity showed a significant increase in the OBSTS condition (p<.05) and external oblique muscle activity showed a significant increase in the OWSTS condition ((p<.05). There was no significant difference in the activity of the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius under any conditions (p>.05). CONCLUSION: During evaluation of the performance of the STS, the CWSTS condition will be useful to decrease the muscle activity of the erector spinae and the OWSTS condition will be useful to increase the muscle activity of the external oblique. The results of this study can be used as an index to find a suitable exercise method for subjects who have back pain or to strengthen the abdomen.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.197-204
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the plank exercise to strengthen the core muscles on the muscle thickness of external and internal obliques and transverse abdominis muscle depending on the form of the support surface. Methods: This study was randomized to 12 males and 12 females in their 20s and conducted three times a week for 4 weeks. The subjects were divided into the two groups and performed flank exercise on a stable surface (stable surface group) and an unstable surface (unstable surface group). A mat was used as a stable surface, and an TOGU used as a unstable surface. Results : In both stable and unstable surface, the thickness changes of the transverse abdominis and external and internal oblique muscle increased (p<.05). In the unstable surface, there was a greater increase in the thickness change of the transverse abdominis and external oblique muscles in the flank exercise than in the stable surface (p.<05). Among them, the greatest increase was found in the external abdominal muscle (p<.05). Conclusion : This study found that the flank exercise was more effective in strengthening the abdominal muscles on an unstable surface, when compared with the outcomes on a stable one. It is also thought to have the most effect on the muscle activity of the external oblique muscle on unstable surface.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.405-412
• /
• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of the trunk muscle activity on bridging exercise according to the knee joint angle. Methods : Twenty-five healthy adults volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects were required to complete following four bridging exercises; knee joint flexion $120^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$. Surface electromyography from selected trunk muscles was normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction. Muscle activity was measured by QEMG-4 system(LXM 3204, Laxtha Korea). A repeated measures of one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni's correction was used to determine the influence of bridging exercise on muscle activity for each muscle and descriptive statistics was used to determine local/global muscle ratio. Results : The internal oblique of bridging exercises $120^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$ showed significantly(p<.05). The erctor spinae of all bridging exercises showed significant excepted between $60^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$(p<.05). Median of internal oblique/rectus abdominis ratio of $120^{\circ}$ was 4.41, $90^{\circ}$ was 3.94, $60^{\circ}$ was 3.58, $45^{\circ}$ was 3.39. Median of internal oblique/external oblique ratio of $120^{\circ}$ was 2.66, $90^{\circ}$ was 2.43, $60^{\circ}$ was 2.87, $45^{\circ}$ was 2.64. Conclusion : Angular motion decreasing with knee joint flexion made erector spinae activation increase. on the other hand, as decreasing abdomen muscle activation, the more performing motor learning is required for abdomen muscle strength and co-contraction for the trunk stabilization.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.177-184
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study was to present the IMU sensor based trunk stabilization exercise and to evaluate the changes in the muscle activity and thickness with non-specific low back pain patients (N=30). They were classified into two groups; lumbar stabilization exercise using IMU sensor (ILS), (n₁=20) and general lumbar stabilization exercise (GLS), (n₂=10). By comparing the difference between pre and post intervention via trunk muscle activity and muscle thickness, the significant differences were identified. Muscle activity was measured on external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and multifidus (MF) by using surface electromyography (sEMG). Muslce thickness was measured on external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis (TrA), and multifidus (MF) by using ultrasonography. sEMG activity was recorded at right side-bridge position. Each group performed the proposed lumbar stabilization exercise for 30 minutes a day, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. Trunk muscle activity was observed with a significant increase in the IO of ILS (p<.05) and a decrease in the MF of GLS (p<.05). Trunk muscle thickness was significantly increased in left EO and both IO of GLS (p<.05), and also significant increased right EO, both IO, both TrA, and both MF of the ILS (p<.05). In the future, a convergence approach of rehabilitation and engineering is needed to select a sensor suitable for rehabilitation purposes, study the validity and reliability of data, and produce appropriate rehabilitation contents.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.19-29
• /
• 2004

Many muscles of the trunk and hip are capable of contributing to the stabilization and protection of the lumbar spine. To have optimal effectiveness, a training program should include dynamic back/stomach/hip exercises. This study was designed to assess the L5 level paraspinal, external abdominal oblique, and gluteus maximus muscle activities during various low back stabilization exercises. Participants were 26 healthy adults (13 males, 13 Females), aged 21 to 28 years. The surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from the L5 level paraspinal, external abdominal oblique, and gluteus maximus muscles. The recorded signal was averaged and normalized to the maximal electromyographic amplitude obtained during the maximal voluntary contraction. The measurements were taken during 3 low back stabilization exercises. One-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to examine the difference, and a post hoc test was performed with least significant difference. A level of significance was set at p<.05. The significance of difference between men and women, and between the electromyographic recording sites was evaluated by an independent t-test. The EMG activity for the externus oblique and gluteus maximus muscles had significant differences among 3 exercises (p<.05). In males, the EMG activity for the external abdominal oblique muscle had significantly increased differences during exercises 1 and exercise 2 (p<.05). The gluteus maximus muscle had significantly increased differences during exercise 2 and exercise 3 (p<.05). In females, the multifidus muscle had significantly increased difference during exercise 3 (p<.05), the external abdominal oblique muscle had significantly increased difference during exercise 1 (p<.05). and the gluteus maximus muscle had significantly decreased difference during exercise 3 (p<.05). The results were that the external abdominal oblique muscle was apparently activated during the curl-up exercise in females and males, and the multifidus muscle was apparently activated during the bridging exercise in females and during the sling exercise in males and females.1)In comparison of the %MVC between males and females, exercise 2 and exercise 3 apparently activated of the multifidus and gluteus maximus muscles in both males and females (p<.05). The EMG activity of the gluteus maximus muscle of the males significantly increased during exercise 2 and exercise 3 (p<.05). The EMG activity the multifidus muscle of the females was significantly increased during exercise 2 and exercise 3 (p<.05). More research is needed to understand the nature of motor control problems in the deep muscles in patients with low back pain.