• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to suggest an effective method of daily life movement training for stroke patients by comparison and analysis of the biomechanic characteristics of sitting up from a lying posture in stroke patients and healthy elderly participants. Methods: Fifteen stroke patients and 15 age-matched elderly participants were included in the study. The movement of sitting up from a lying posture was divided into three stages, and the differences in muscle activity in the sternocleidomastoid (SCM), rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), and rectus femoris (RF) during the movement were analyzed. Results: Subjects in the experimental group showed slower speed than those in the control group. In the neck joint, the change of angle in movement showed a larger decrease at all stages in the experimental group than in the control group; the movement also decreased in stages I and II in the upper trunk joint. The movement also showed a statistically significant decrease in stage II in the lower trunk, pelvic, and hip joints. The SCM showed higher activity in the control group than in the experimental group, showing a statistically significant difference; the RA showed high activity in the experimental group. The RF showed higher activity in the control group than in the experimental group, showing a statistically significant difference. Conclusion: From the results obtained above, increasing movements in the neck, pelvic, and hip joints and strengthening of lower body muscles are required in order to improve the ability for getting up from a lying posture in stroke patients.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.273-278
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• 2011

Purpose: It has always been an aspiration for Asians to look more balanced and feminine, considering their facial features regarding relatively flat midface with marked prominences of the zygoma. Many studies have been dealt in this subject. However, the authors would like to emphasize the concept and introduce the technique of repositioning of the malar complex to a cosmetically beneficial point and stationing it on proper position by fixation on zygoma body and arch. Methods: From January 1998 to December 2007, this method was performed in 50 patients of mild to moderate prominence and malposition of the malar complex. A simplified technique of lateral orbital osteotomy and oblique osteotomy on zygomatic arch through intraoral and preauricular incision was developed. Then, liberal malar complex can be moved to a supero-posterior direction and repositioned to a more cosmetically beneficial point. To maintain the stationed position and to protect from vector affected by the attached masticating muscle to zygomatc bone, fixation was done on both zygoma body and arch. Results: We have obtained satisfactory results using this procedure without any observable complications. The advantages of this procedure are proper exposure, inconspicuous scar, safe, more natural contour, improved stability, and shorter healing time. Conclusion: The authors suggest that reduction malarplasty should be approached with underlying concept of repositioning and fixation. In mild moderate malar prominent cases, our technique will provide with maintenance of aesthetic concept, equal to the malar reduction performed under coronal approach and provide with more natural facial contour with stability even with less invasive surgical approach.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.224-230
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the grade of fatty degeneration and atrophy of rotator cuffs on immediate postoperative MRI to those on preoperative MRI in patients with rotator cuff tears. Materials and Methods: Seventy patients were included in this study, who received arthroscopic rotator-cuff repair and underwent both preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and immediate postoperative MRI in our institution. Fatty degeneration of rotator cuffs and the atrophy of supraspinatus muscles were evaluated with T1 oblique sagittal images in the Y-shaped view. Fatty degeneration was evaluated using a Goutallier classification system, and the atrophy of supraspinatus muscles was evaluated using a modified tangent sign and a visual occupation ratio. Results: From 70 patients, a total of 100 tendons were repaired: 18, 69, and 13 tendons were treated for subscapularis, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus, respectively. The Goutallier grades (P = 0.012), modified tangent signs (P = 0.000), and visual occupation ratios (P = 0.000) of supraspinatus muscles were significantly decreased in immediate postoperative MRIs when compared to preoperative MRIs. In immediate postoperative MRIs, the Goutallier grades of supraspinatus muscles were decreased by one grade in 18.8% (n = 13) of the patients, and the atrophy of supraspinatus muscles was improved by one grade in 26.1% (n = 18) for modified tangent signs and 21.7% (n = 15) for visual occupation ratios. However, fatty infiltration by the Goutallier grades of subscapularis (P = 1.000) and infraspinatus (P = 0.157) muscles were not significantly changed after arthroscopic surgery. Conclusion: Immediate postoperative MRIs showed a significant improvement of fatty degeneration and muscle atrophy in supraspinatus muscles when compared to preoperative MRIs.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2013

Background: The incidence of blow out fractures is increasing and the techniques of diagnosis and treatment have been recently evolving. Despite its clinical significance, there has been no study on orbital inferiomedial blow out fractures. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the clinical significance of treatment of orbital inferiomedial blow out fractures. Methods: A retrospective review of fifty-seven patients who could be followed up for at least 1 year after surgical reconstruction of pure inferiomedial blow out fracture was undertaken. The transconjunctival approach was performed in all cases. The onlay technique was used in 32 patients and the inlay/sheet method was used in 25 patients. We evaluated the clinical outcomes using the chi-square test. Results: In the group using the onlay technique, postoperative diplopia and enophthalmos were observed in 14 cases and 3 cases, respectively. Of these, 5 cases and 3 cases lasted for more than 6 months, respectively. In the group using the inlay/sheet method, postoperative diplopia was observed in 9 cases, but there were no cases of enophthalmos. Among the 9 diplopia cases, 4 lasted for more than 6 months. Conclusion: Postoperative diplopia and enophthalmos were increased after treatment of inferiomedial blow out fractures compared to isolated medial (0.6%, 0.3%) or inferior (1.8%, 0.6%) blow out fractures. Therefore, careful dissection is necessary not to injure the inferior oblique muscle to decrease the incidence of postoperative diplopia. Moreover, the inlay/sheet method is an effective option for reconstruction of inferiomedial blow out fractures.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2023

Fixation of radial head fracture with minimally invasive posterior approach remains a significant challenge. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of trans-anconeus posterior elbow approach and to observe lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) in extended elbows. This cadaveric study was performed in twenty upper limbs of fresh fixed adult male cadavers. An oblique incision was made in the middle segment of anconeus until the lateral ligament complex and the joint capsule had been revealed. A deep dissection was explored to observe the anatomical relationship of the LUCL to the anconeus. Measurements of the LUCL were recorded while the elbow was fully extended. The mean distance between the edge of the radial head and the proximal insertion of the LUCL was 13.3 mm (11.5-16.2 mm); the mean distance between the edge of the radial head and the distal insertion of the LUCL was 20.9 mm (19.2-23.4 mm); the distance between the edge of the radial head and the distal edge of the annular ligament was 11.2 mm (8.22-11.7 mm). By estimate correlation of the previous measurements, the direct and accessible way to expose the posterolateral articular capsule of the elbow joint was through a window in medial 2/3 of the middle segment of anconeus muscle. These trans-anconeus approach is useful. It provides good visualization, facilitates applying the implants, and lessens the risk of radial nerve injury. Awareness of the anatomy is mandatory to avoid injury of LUCL.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.223-235
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• 1993

요통(Lowback Pain)을 유발하는 주요원인으로 알려져있는 MMH(Manual Materials Handling) 작업에 있어서 작업조건의 변화가 근육의 활동과 피로도에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 4가지 서로 다른 작업조건하에서 몸통부위(Trunk)의 주요근육에 대한 EMG 파형분석을 실시 하였다. 본 연구에서의 분석대항작업은 실제 작업조건과 유사하레 설계된 120분간의 단속적인 인양(Lifting)/하역(Lowering) 작업으로서 작업중량은 작업자의 MVIS(Maximum Voluntary Isometric Strength)를 기준으로 설정되었으며, 매 10분 간격으로 EMG 측정이 이루어졌다. 작업물이 작업자의 정면에 위치한 대칭형(Symmetric) 작업의 경우 배면부(Dorsal) 근육인 천극근(Erector Spinae)과 활배근(Latissimus Dorsi)이 활동근(Active Muscle)인 것으로 나타났으며, 정중면(Medial Plane)을 중심으로 좌우측 근육이 동일한 근력을 발휘하였다. 작업물이 작업자의 한쪽 측면에 위치한 90도 비대칭형(Asymmetric) 작업의 경우 천극근과 활배근외에 작업물과 반대쪽 외사근(External Oblique)이 활동근으로 추가되었으며, 작업물과 반대쪽의 근육들이 더욱 큰 근력을 발휘하였다. 작업의 반복에 따른 근육의 피로도를 평가하기 위해 실시한 EMG 파형의 Spectral Analysis 결과, 비대칭형 작업시 작업물과 반대쪽의 천극근에서 작업시간의 경과에 따라 중위주파수(Median Power Frequency)가 저주 파수대로 천이(Lower Shift)하는 현상이 나타났으며, 일정한 작업량이라도 작업중량을 줄이고 작업 빈도를 높여서 작업할 경우에 이러한 현상이 더욱 두드러졌다. 작업시간의 경과에 따른 MVIS의 감소 현상은 작업빈도가 높고 비대칭형 작업일 때 가장 크게 나타났다. 총손실을 줄이고, 상대적 비용절감효과를 갖게할 수 있다고 하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 성인 여성기성복의 치수적합성을 높이기위하여 출산 후 중년에 접어 들면서 체형이 변화되는 것을 고려하여 연령을 분류하고(18세-34세, 30세-51세), 각 연령 집단에 따른 체형을 각각 3가지로 분류하였다. 이에 따라 의복 생산시의 총손실을 줄이기위한 상의, 하의생산시 필요한 부위별 최적규격치 간격을 제시하였다.적인 기능으로 보여지는 것에 좁혀서 작업능력의 연령증가 변화에 대하여다원적 평가를 하는 것이 실제적이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 인간이 가지고 있는 다수의 기능중에서 수지교 치성과 연령증가와의 관계를 조사한다. 만약 연령증가 만으로 수지교치성을 평가 할 수 없는 경우에는 어떠한 요인이 수지기민성의 변화에 영향을 미치는가를 검토한다.t list)에서 자동적으로 사건들의 순서가 결정되도록 확장하였으며, 설비 제어방식에 있어서도 FIFO, LIFO, 우선 순위 방식등을 선택할 수 있도록 확장하였다. SIMPLE는 자료구조 및 프로그램이 공개되어 있으므로 프로그래머가 원하는 기능을 쉽게 추가할 수 있는 장점도 있다. 아울러 SMPLE에서 새로이 추가된 자료구조와 함수 및 설비제어 방식등을 활용하여 실제 중형급 시스템에 대한 시뮬레이션 구현과 시스템 분석의 예를 보인다._3$", chain segment, with the activation energy of carriers from the shallow trap with 0.4[eV], in he amorphous regions.의 증발산율은 우기의 기상자료를 이용하여 구한 결과 0.05 - 0.10 mm/hr 의 범위로서 이로 인한 강우손실량은 큰 의미가 없음을 알았다.재발이 나타난 3례의 환자를 제외한 9례 (75%)에서는 현재까지 재발소견을 보이지 않고 있다. 이러한 결과는 다른 보고자들과 유사한 결과를

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.398-404
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a non-elastic fixation belt on the balance ability and fall prevention in elderly women. Elderly women experience reduced balance ability and an increased risk of falls due to a weakening of the surrounding sacroiliac joint and pelvic muscles during childbirth and menopause. On the other hand, specific studies are still needed. The subjects were allocated randomly to two groups: control (n=20) and experimental (n=20). The experimental group used a non-elastic fixation belt, whereas the control group had no fixation belt. The balance ability and the fall index were measured in all subjects using a balance measurement device, and the low abdominal muscle thickness was determined in the experimental group using ultrasound imaging for the exact application of the non-elastic fixation belt. The following statistical analysis was performed: an independent t-test for the general characteristics of the subjects, $2{\times}2$ analysis of variance with repeated measures for the balance and fall index score, and a paired t-test for the abdominal muscle thickness. The group ${\times}$ time interaction effect showed significant improvement in the General Stability Index (F1,38=47.24, p=0.001), Fourier Harmony Index (F1,38=88.83, p=0.001), Weight Distribution Index (F1,38=50.21, p=0.001), and Fall Index (F1,38=21.59, p=0.001). The thicknesses of the transverse abdominal (p=0.001) and internal oblique (p=0.001) muscles were increased significantly in the experimental group after using the non-elastic fixation belt. Overall, the application of a non-elastic fixation belt could be effective in improving the balance ability and fall prevention in elderly women.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.171-180
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• 2021

The present study investigated the effects of dynamic tubing gait (DTG II) program on the balancing ability for the promotion of life care of patients with chronic stroke. In the study, 25 sessions of DTG II program (30 minutes per session, 5 sessions per week, for a total of 5 weeks) were applied to 10 patients with chronic stroke. To determine the effects of DTG II program for improving balance, surface electromyography(external oblique, erector spinae, iliopsoas, gluteus maximus), symmetry index test on three pelvic axes, and dynamic gait index test were performed before and after the intervention. The results showed statistically significant differences between preand post-intervention measurements of the gluteus maximus muscle at early and mid-stance phases(p<.05). The pelvic symmetry index differed significantly between pre- and post-intervention measurements of diagonal and rotational movement(p<.05). Comparison of dynamic gait index also showed statistically significant differences between pre- and post-intervention measurements(p<.05). Based on these findings, it was determined that the DTG II program was able to improve the balancing ability of patients with chronic stroke by activating their trunk muscles and improving the symmetry of diagonal pelvic movement and rotation. Therefore, DTG II program is recommended as an interventional method to improve life-care through improving the balancing ability of patients with chronic stroke.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was aimed to examine the resorption rate, the healing pattern, and the response of the surrounding tissue after the graft of the acellular dermal matrix ($AlloDerm^{(R)}$) and the autogenous dermis, and to report the clinical result of the use of $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ in order to restore the soft tissue defects. Methods: Twenty mature rabbits, weighing about 3 ㎏, were used for the experimental study. The $10\times10$ mm-size autogenous dermis and the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ were grafted to the space between the external abdominal oblique muscle and the fascia of the rabbits. And the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ was grafted to the pocket between the skin and the underlying perichondrium of rabbit ear. The resorption rate of the grafted sites was calculated, and the tissue specimens were histologically examined at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after the graft. The five patients with the cleft-lip nasal deformity and the one patient with the saddle nose deformity, who received the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft to restore the facial soft tissue defects, were reviewed for the clinical study. Results: The resorption rate at 8 weeks after the graft was 21.5% for the autogenous dermis, and 16.0% $AlloDerm^{(R)}$. In microscopic examinations, the infiltration of the inflammatory cells and the epidermal inclusion cyst were observed in the autogenous dermis graft. However, the neovascularization and the progressive growth of the new fibroblasts were shown in the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft. And the six patients, who received the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft, demonstrated the good stability of the grafts and improved appearance. There were no remarkable complications such as inflammation, rejection, dislocation, and severe absorption in the clinical cases. Conclusion: These results suggest that $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ can be an useful graft material for restoration of soft tissue defects because of the good stability and the tissue response without the remarkable clinical complications.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.220-229
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• 2008

Purpose: The present study was aimed to examine the effect of acellular dermal matrix ($AlloDerm^{(R)}$) grafted to the experimental tissue defect on tissue regeneration. Materials and Methods: Male albino rabbits were used. Soft tissue defects were prepared in the external abdominal oblique muscle. The animals were then divided into 3 groups by the graft material used: no graft, autogenous dermis graft, and $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft. The healing sites were histologically examined at weeks 4 and 8 after the graft. In another series, critical sized defects with 8-mm diameter were prepared in the right and left iliac bones. The animals were then divided into 5 groups: no graft, grafted with autogenous iliac bone, $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft, $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft impregnated with rhBMP-2, and $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft with rhTGF-${\beta}1$. The healing sites of bone defect were investigated with radiologic densitometry and histological evaluation at weeks 4 and 8 after the graft. Results: In the soft tissue defect, normal healing was seen in the group of no graft. Inflammatory cells and foreign body reactions were observed in the group of autogenous dermis graft, and the migration of fibroblasts and the formation of vessels into the collagen fibers were observed in the group of $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft. In the bone defect, the site of bone defect was healed by fibrous tissues in the group of no graft. The marked radiopacity and good regeneration were seen in the group of autogenous bone graft. There remained the traces of $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ with no satisfactory results in the group of $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft. In the groups of the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft with rhBMP-2 or rhTGF-${\beta}1$, there were numerous osteoblasts in the boundary of the adjacent bone which was closely approximated to the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ with regeneration features. However, the fibrous capsule also remained as in the group of $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft, which separated the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ and the adjacent bone. Conclusions: These results suggest that $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ can be useful to substitute the autogenous dermis in the soft tissue defect. However, it may not be useful as a bone graft material or a carrier, since the bone defect was not completely healed by the bony tissue, regardless of the presence of osteogenic factors like rhBMP-2 or rhTGF-${\beta}1$.