• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.634-641
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• 2012

LP9M80-H는 맥문동($Liriope$ $platyphylla$)으로부터 메탄올과 헥산을 이용하여 추출한 새로운 추출물로서 ICR 마우스에서 인슐린분비를 촉진하며, 간과 뇌 조직에서 인슐린 신호경로를 활성화시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 LP9M80-H가 당뇨와 비만의 치료에 미치는 효과를 조사하기 위하여, OLETF 모델동물에 LP9M80-H를 2주간 투여한 후 당뇨와 비만과 관련된 주요인자의 변화를 관찰하였다. 비록 체중은 두 집단간에 차이가 없었으나 복부 지방량은 vehicle 투여군보다 LP9M80-H 투여군에서 적었다. 또한, 혈중 포도당농도는 LP9M80-H를 투여한 OLETF 랫드가 대조군에 비하여 약간 낮았으나 인슐린의 농도는 유의적으로 크게 증가하였다. 혈청 내 3가지 주요 지질의 농도는 LP9M80-H를 투여한 OLETF 랫드에서 유의적으로 감소하였고, 지방의 산화를 촉진하는 아디포넥틴의 농도도 LP9M80-H를 투여한 OLETF 랫드에서 감소하였다. 더불어, 체내에 분비된 인슐린이 표적장기에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 간조직에서 인슐린 수용체와 인슐린 수용체기질(iRS)의 발현을 관찰하였으며, 이러한 2가지 단백질은 LP9M80-H를 투여한 OLETF 랫드에서 vehicle 투여군에 비해 유의미하게 감소하였다. 또한, 인슐린 신호 경로의 다운스트림에 위치하는 포도당 수송체 중에서 Glut-2와 Glut-3 발현은 LP9M80-H를 투여한 OLETF 랫드에서 유의미하게 감소하는 반면에, Glut-4 발현은 일정하게 유지되었다. 따라서 이러한 결과는 LP9M80-H는 포도당 항상성과 지질농도의 조절을 통하여 당뇨와 비만의 증상을 완화시키는데 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.227-241
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• 2019

본 연구는 2013 ~ 2016년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 활용하여 19세 이상 성인의 카페인 섭취 수준이 대사증후군 발생에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해 실시하였다. 카페인 섭취 수준을 평가하기 위해 2014년 식품의약품안전평가원에서 수행한 주요급원식품의 카페인 함량 분석자료를 활용하여 1인당 카페인 섭취량과 주요급원식품을 통한 카페인 섭취량을 산출한 후 대사증후군 발생의 위험에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 만 19세 이상 성인의 하루 평균 카페인 섭취량은 41.97 mg 이었고, 각 군별 평균 카페인 섭취량은 Q1 0 mg, Q2 1.42 mg (0 ~ 3.66 mg), Q3 6.94 mg (3.99 ~ 12.31 mg), Q4 21.65 mg (12.31 ~ 45.81 mg), Q5군 154.41 mg (${\geq}45.81mg$)으로 나타나 상위 20%에 해당하는 대상자들만이 하루 45.81 mg 이상의 카페인을 섭취하였다. 카페인 섭취의 주요 급원식품은 커피, 탄산음료 및 기타음료, 차류의 순이었으며, 이들 식품을 통한 카페인 섭취량은 97% 정도 이었다. 카페인 섭취 수준에 따라 대사적 지표 및 대사증후군에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 성, 연령 이외 이들 대사적 지표 발생에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 교육수준, 음주, 흡연, 신체활동, 에너지 및 당 섭취량에 보정 후 카페인 섭취량은 대사증후군, 고혈압, 저 HDL-콜레스테롤혈증 및 복부비만에 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 당뇨병과 고중성지방혈증의 경우 Q1군에 비해 Q3군에서 각각 0.76 (95% CI: 0.63 ~ 0.93), 0.87 (95% CI: 0.77 ~ 0.98)를 보였고, Q4군에서는 각각 0.66 (95% CI: 0.53 ~ 0.82), 0.83 (95% CI: 0.73 ~ 0.94)로 나타나 하루 3.66 ~ 45.81 mg 정도의 카페인 섭취는 당뇨병 및 고중성지방혈증의 낮은 유병률과 관련이 있었다. 본 연구결과 적정수준의 카페인 섭취는 당뇨병과 고중성지방혈증의 낮은 유병률과 관련이 있으므로 건강 유지에 도움이 되는 적정수준의 카페인 섭취량 선정 시 가이드라인으로 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.94-103
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate customer satisfaction of general health examination service and to determine how the customer satisfaction affected to revisiting intention, their change of health belief, self-efficacy, and health promoting behavior. Method: Data were collected with questionnaires from 92 customers, who took general health examination at G University Medical Hospital having symptoms of hypertension, diabetes, high blood cholesterol, and obesity. Data were analyzed by the SPSS for windows 10.0 program. Result: Level of customer satisfaction were closely related to one of revisiting intention (r=.791, p=.000). 2) Through multiple regression analysis, factors that affect the customer' revisiting intention were found to be satisfaction in consultation of results (F=126.166, p=.000), examination environment (F=77.490, p=.001), and examination process (F=55.932, p=.024). It could explain 64.4% of customers' revisiting intention. Group displaying higher level of satisfaction showed highly increase in health belief following the examination, and the difference was statistically significant (t=-2.035, p=.045). They also showed a more improved health promoting behavior following the examination, and the difference was statistically significant (t=-2.316, p=.023). Conclusion: Health belief and health promoting behavior was improved following the general health examination. In addition, these changes were more significant in customers who displayed in a higher level of customer satisfaction.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.351-360
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to compare demographic characteristics, comorbidity, and health habits of elders with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and elders with cognitively normal function (CNF). Methods: Secondary data analysis was conducted using data from the Database of the Seoul Dementia Management Project for 5,773 adults age 60 and above. Results: The MCI group showed an older age distribution, but there was no significant education difference between the two groups. Elders with MCI had more diabetes and stroke than elders with CNF. In subgroups, the same findings were observed in women, but not in men. While more men with MCI had hypertension compared to men with CNF, there was no significant difference in hypertension between the two groups for women. Elders with MCI, men in particular, had a lower prevalence of obesity than men with CNF. MCI individuals did less exercise compared to individuals with CNF. While there were no significant differences in alcohol consumption and smoking between MCI and CNF groups, the over 80's subgroup with MCI reported more alcohol consumption. Conclusion: Findings from this study could be helpful in designing community-based dementia prevention programs and health policies to reduce the prevalence of dementia or related cognitive impairments.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.335-351
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• 2008

Adequate nutrients intake and regular eating habit are so important for the students to develop physical and mental health, and they contribute significantly for the development of intellectual capacity. The intake of simple sugar contained in the processed foods is known to have been related not only with such physical problems as obesity and diabetes but also with hyperactivity during growing period. This study analysed the effects of carbohydrate processed snacks on the middle school students' emotional intelligence and intended to demonstrate the correlation and the influence of the foods. The subjects of this study were 476 the 1st grade middle school students sampled from two public middle schools of Gyeonggi Province, Korea. Questionnaire contained 47 questions including the kinds of sugar containing processed foods, the frequency of intake, the frequency of normal diet, and the emotional test. All data obtained in this study were processed by SAS 8.2 program. 77.9% of the students had snacks more than once a day and the favored foods were in the order of bread, cookies, fruit, milk and dairy products, flour foods, ramen and ice cream. Less of the sugar contained processed snacks consumed high emotional intelligence showed(p<0.001). And low intake of carbohydrate processed snacks linked with having more regular meals and the higher levels of emotional intelligence. There was no gender difference in consuming simple sugar containing processed foods, however, out of these foods, carbonated drinks, ramen and pizza affected significantly the emotional intelligence of the male students. It was found that sugar contained processed snacks affect the eating habits like meal skipping and the emotional intelligence. It is determined that the effects of carbohydrate processed snacks on emotional intelligence can not be denied.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.192-197
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• 2011

The dietary intake of whole grains is known to reduce the incidence of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. To investigate whether there are anti-adipogenic activities in various Korean cereals, we assessed water extracts of nine cereals. The results showed that treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with Sorghum bicolor L. Moench, Setaria italica Beauvois, or Panicum miliaceum L. extract significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation, as determined by measuring oil red-O staining, triglyceride accumulation, and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Among the nine cereals, P. miliaceum L. showed the highest anti-adipogenic activity. The effects of P. miliaceum L. on mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\gamma}$, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, and the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-${\alpha}$ were evaluated revealing that the extract significantly decreased the expression of these genes in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, P. miliaceum L. extract changed the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids in adipocytes, which is related to biological activity and cell characteristics. These results suggest that some cereals efficiently suppress adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In particular, the effect of P. miliaceum L. on adipocyte differentiation is associated with the downregulation of adipogenic genes and fatty acid accumulation in adipocytes.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.426-435
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Urbanization and lifestyle changes have resulted in nutrition transition. Over-nutrition causes obesity increase, although malnutrition still exists. This phenomenon is called a double burden of malnutrition (DBM). This study was conducted to confirm the existence of DBM and to investigate the dietary factors related to DBM in Indonesian adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data for the subjects (51 men and 89 women) who are the adults resided in Malang, Indonesia were collected between July 17 and August 14, 2017, by using questionnaire. Height, weight, waist and hip circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholesterol, and hemoglobin were also measured for the subjects. RESULTS: The average age of the subjects was 47.2 years. The average height, weight, and body mass index for men were 160.08 cm, 62.6 kg and $25.45kg/m^2$, respectively, and those for women were 148.74 cm, 58.09 kg, and $26.21kg/m^2$, respectively. Of the subjects, 3.6% were underweight, 24.3% were normal or healthy weight, while 72.2% were overweight and obese. Analysis of the dietary intakes revealed high for cereal (7.73 points), but very low for milk (0.25 points) and fruits (0.51 points). Dietary diversity was very few overall (< 5). The occurrence of both anemia (23.6%) and chronic diseases such as hypertension (57.1%), diabetes (12.1%), and hypercholesterolemia (3.6%) was considerably high. The existence of DBM was confirmed by 16.4% of the subjects. DBM was observed significantly higher in women than in men. Dietary diversity and DBM occurrence were inversely correlated. On average, the number of chronic diseases was 1.08 in men and 1.79 in women. Dietary diversity inversely affected systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: DBM existed in adults in Malang, Indonesia due to inadequate dietary intakes, and a high rate of chronic diseases.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.323-330
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• 2006

Peripheral insulin resistance in obese/type II diabetes animals results from an impairment of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into skeletal muscle. Insulin stimulate the translocation of GLUT4 from intracellular location to the plasma membrane. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) is implicated in mediation of fusion of GLUT4-containing vesicle with the plasma membrane. Present study investigated regulatory effects of Rhodiola sachalinensis administration and exercise training on the expression of GLUT4 protein and SNAREs protein in skeletal muscles of obese Zucker rats. Experimental animals were randomly assigned into one of five groups ; lean control(LN), obese control(OB), exercise-treated(EXE), Rhodiola sachalinensis-treated(Rho), combine of Rho & EXE (Rho-EXE). All animals of exercise training (EXE, Rho-EXE) performed treadmill running for 8 weeks, and animals of Rho groups (Rho, Rho-EXE) were dosed daily by gastric gavage during the same period. After experiment, blood were taken for analyses of glucose, insulin, and lipids levels. Mitochondrial oxidative enzyme (citrate synthase, CS ; $\beta$-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, $\beta$-HAD) activity were analysed. Skeletal muscles were dissected out for analyses of proteins (GLUT4, VAMP2, syntaxin4, SNAP23). Results are as follows. Exercise and/or Rhodiola sachalinensis administration significantly reduced body weight and improved blood lipids (TG, FFA), and increased insulin sensitivity. Endurance exercise significantly increased the activity of mitochondrial enzymes and the expression of GLUT4 protein, however, administration of Rhodiola sachalinensis did not affect them. The effect of exercise and/or Rhodiola sachalinensis administration on the expression of SNARE proteins was unclear. Our study suggested that improvement insulin sensitivity by exercise and/or Rhodiola sachalinensis administration in obese Zucker rats is independent of expression of SNARE proteins.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2006

Background: Adipose tissues were initially introduced as energy storages, but recently they have become famous as an endocrine organ which produces and secretes various kinds of molecules to make physiologic and metabolic changes in human body. It has been studied that these molecules are secreted in abundance as the adipose tissue becomes bigger along with obesity. Furthermore, it has been found that they are mediating systemic inflammation and generation of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. On the basis of these, we studied previous papers which have been researched about the interaction between preadipocytes and macrophages, adipose tissues and lymph nodes, and adipose tissue secreting molecules. Results: Firstly, preadipocytes and macrophages are expressing similar transcriptomes and proteins, and preadipocytes can be converted to mature macrophages which have phagocytic activity. Moreover, the monocytes, which initially located in the bone marrow, are filtrated to the adipose tissue by monocyte chemotatic protein-1 and are matured to macrophages by colony stimulating factor-1. Secondly, adipose tissues and their associated lymph nodes are interacting each other in terms of energy efficiency. Lymph nodes promote lipolysis in adipose tissues, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in adipocytes become energy sources for dendritic cells. Lastly, adipose tissues produce and secrete proinflammatory molecules such as leptin, adiponectin, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, and acute phase proteins, which induce the inflammation and potentially generate metabolic diseases. Conclusion: According to these, we can link adipose tissues to inflammation, but we need to affirm the actual levels and roles of adipose tissue-derived proinflammatory molecules in human body.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2012

Most common complex traits, such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and cancers, are known to be associated with multiple genes, environmental factors, and their epistasis. Recently, the development of advanced genotyping technologies has allowed us to perform genome-wide association studies (GWASs). For detecting the effects of multiple genes on complex traits, many approaches have been proposed for GWASs. Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) is one of the powerful and efficient methods for detecting high-order gene-gene ($G{\times}G$) interactions. However, the biological interpretation of $G{\times}G$ interactions identified by MDR analysis is not easy. In order to aid the interpretation of MDR results, we propose a network graph analysis to elucidate the meaning of identified $G{\times}G$ interactions. The proposed network graph analysis consists of three steps. The first step is for performing $G{\times}G$ interaction analysis using MDR analysis. The second step is to draw the network graph using the MDR result. The third step is to provide biological evidence of the identified $G{\times}G$ interaction using external biological databases. The proposed method was applied to Korean Association Resource (KARE) data, containing 8838 individuals with 327,632 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, in order to perform $G{\times}G$ interaction analysis of body mass index (BMI). Our network graph analysis successfully showed that many identified $G{\times}G$ interactions have known biological evidence related to BMI. We expect that our network graph analysis will be helpful to interpret the biological meaning of $G{\times}G$ interactions.