• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.212-220
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• 2021

Method : Using annual statistics of major surgeries provided by the National Health Insurance Corporation, it figured out what changes come in visual acuity by the number of cataract surgeries nationwide plus age, gender, and geriatric disease every 3 years from 2013 to 2019 through joint point regression for statistics. Objective : This study is intended to identify the relationship between geriatric diseases (diabetes, hypertension, obesity) and visual acuity in geriatric cataract surgery patients. Result : First, geriatric diseases of cataract surgery patients were closely related to diabetes, hypertension, obesity, smoking, and drinking. In particular, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking had a high prevalence rate. There was no difference in gender and age. Second, 72% of all geriatric cataract surgeries were performed at the clinic level, and intraocular lens that was used after geriatric cataract surgery accounted for the majority of monofocal intraocular lens as 96.6%. Third, the visual acuity in geriatric cataract surgery patients improved from an average of 0.40 before surgery to 0.06 after surgery, and visual acuity improvement was found in 95% of them. These results suggest that geriatric cataract patients can expect visual acuity stabilization and positive visual acuity improvement through early surgery.

• BMB Reports
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• 제48권12호
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• pp.647-654
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• 2015

Energy homeostasis in our body system is maintained by balancing the intake and expenditure of energy. Excessive accumulation of fat by disrupting the balance system causes overweight and obesity, which are increasingly becoming global health concerns. Understanding the pathogenesis of obesity focused on studying the genes related to familial types of obesity. Recently, a rare human genetic disorder, ciliopathy, links the role for genes regulating structure and function of a cellular organelle, the primary cilium, to metabolic disorder, obesity and type II diabetes. Primary cilia are microtubule based hair-like membranous structures, lacking motility and functions such as sensing the environmental cues, and transducing extracellular signals within the cells. Interestingly, the subclass of ciliopathies, such as Bardet-Biedle and Alström syndrome, manifest obesity and type II diabetes in human and mouse model systems. Moreover, studies on genetic mouse model system indicate that more ciliary genes affect energy homeostasis through multiple regulatory steps such as central and peripheral actions of leptin and insulin. In this review, we discuss the latest findings in primary cilia and metabolic disorders, and propose the possible interaction between primary cilia and the leptin and insulin signal pathways which might enhance our understanding of the unambiguous link of a cell's antenna to obesity and type II diabetes.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.139-160
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• 2004

The obesity is detrimental to the health of people living in affluent societies. Individual differences in energy metabolism are caused primarily by single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs), some of which promote the development of obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common multifactorial genetic syndrome, which is determined by several different genes and environmental factors. In this review, five major conclusions are reached: (1)To be clinically significant, SNPs must be relevant, prevalent, modifiable, and measurable. (2)Differences in SNPs may have been caused by famine, ultraviolet light, alcohol, climate, agricultural revolution. livestock, lactase persistence, and westernized lifestyle. (3)Candidate obesity genes of calorie intake restriction are SIM 1, MC3R, MC4R, AGRP, CART, CCK, CNTFR, DRD2, Ghrelin, 5-HT receptor, NPY, PON and those of energy metabolism are LEP, LEPR, UCP1, UCP2, UCP3, B2AR, B3AR, PGC-1, Androgen receptor and those of fat mobilization are AGT, ACE, ADA, APM1, Apolipoproteins, PPAR, FABP, FOXC2, GCGR, $11-{\beta}HSDI$, LDLR, Hormonal sensitive lipase, Perilipin, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $TNF-{\beta}$ (4)Candidate obesity genes in the eastern are NPY, LEP, LEPR, UCP1, UCP2, UCP3, B2AR, B3AR, ACE, APM1, PPAR, and FABP. (5)Candidate obesity genes in type 2 diabetes mellitus are MC3R, MC4R, B2AR, B3AR, ADA, APM1, PPAR, FABP, FOXC2, PC1, PC2, ABCC8, CAPN10, CYP19, CYP7, ENPP1, GCK, GYS1, IGF, IL-6, Insulin receptor, IRS, and LPL. The discovery of SNPs will lead to a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of obesity and to better diagnostics, treatment, and eventually prevention.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2022

The study is conducted with the subjects who have under gone coronary angiography to examine the influential factors for the severity of coronary stenosis. Four indicators related to hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity of metabolic syndrome were used as influential factors. As a result of the study, metabolic syndrome such as diabetes and dyslipidemia had 3.3 times and 7.7 times higher chance to lead to 1VD, respectively. In 2VD, diabetes showed 2.9 times higher risk, and dyslipidemia showed 8.5 times higher risk. In 3VD, diabetes was found to be 5 times higher and dyslipidemia was 17.5 times higher in risk. Therefore, it was confirmed that dyslipidemia showed the highest correlation among metabolic syndromes. According to this study, it was confirmed that dyslipidemia and diabetes were closely related to the influential factors for coronary artery stenosis.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.309-315
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• 2001

Objective : To develop a boner understanding of the relationship between weight status and the prevalence of obesity related diseases in the Korean population. Methods : The 1998 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey was used and 10,880 persons who had previously taken health examinations were selected for study. The Korean Society for the Study of Obesity's classification of weight status was used. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, osteoarthritis, chronic heart disease, stroke were included as obesity related disease. A logistic regression model was developed to estimate the prevalence odds ratio by obesity class adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic factors and we converted the odds ratio to a prevalence ratio using the base line prevalence of disease to aid in the interpretation of the ratios. Results : The prevalence of obesity was 26.3% based on the KSSO classification $(BMI\geq25)$. A graded increase in the prevalence ratio was observed with increasing severity of overweight and obesity for all health outcomes with the exception of chronic heart disease in men and stroke in both men and women. With normal weight individuals as the reference, for men who were younger than 50 years, the prevalence ratios were highest for hypertension BMI<23-25: 1.70(95% CI=1.41-2.05), 25$BMI\geq30$: 4.83(95% CI=3.70-5.84). The prevalence ratios for dyslipidemia were as high as hypertension, but were lower than hypertension for diabetes mellitus and osteoarthritis. Prevalence ratios generally were greater in younger adults. The prevalence of having 2 or more obesity related diseases increased with weight status category, except in people who were older than 50 years. Conclusions : Based on results, obesity is an increasingly important health problem in Korea and the disease burden increases according to weight status. For Korean adults, the strongest relationship was seen between weight status and hypertension and dyslipidemia. In older people the impact of excess weight and obesity is stronger than that seen in younger people. Increased efforts in the study of obesity and prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity related disease are required.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.77-107
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• 2018

Objectives : In present study, therefore, possible beneficial pharmacological activities of standard potato protein extracts (SPE) were observed on the mild diabetic obese mice. Methods : After end of 12 weeks of continuous oral administrations of three different dosages of SPE 400, 200 and 100 mg/kg, or metformin 250 mg/kg, analyzed the hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, nephroprotective and anti-obesity effects, separately. In addition, liver antioxidant defense systems were additionally measured with lipid metabolism-related genes expressions and hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme activities for action mechanism. Results : All of diabetes and related complications including obesity were significantly inhibited by treatment of SPE 400, 200 and 100 mg/kg, dose-dependently, and they also dramatically normalized the hepatic lipid peroxidation and depletion of liver endogenous antioxidant defense system, the changes of the hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme activities, also changes of the lipid metabolism-related genes expressions including hepatic $AMPK{\alpha}1$ and $AMPK{\alpha}2$ mRNA expressions, dose-dependently. Especially, SPE 200 mg/kg constantly showed favorable inhibitory activities against type II diabetes and related complications as comparable to those of metformin 250 mg/kg in HFD mice, respectively. Conclusions : The present work demonstrated that SPE 400, 200 and 100 mg/kg showed favorable anti-diabetic and related complications including obesity refinement activities in HFD mice, through AMPK upregulation mediated hepatic glucose enzyme activity and lipid metabolism-related genes expression, antioxidant defense system and pancreatic lipid digestion enzyme modulatory activities.

• BMB Reports
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• 제45권12호
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• pp.700-706
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• 2012

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic as well as being a major risk factor for diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and several types of cancers. Obesity is mainly due to the overgrowth of adipose tissue arising from an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Adipose tissue, primarily composed of adipocytes, plays a key role in maintaining whole body energy homeostasis. In view of the treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases, it is critical to understand the detailed signal transduction mechanisms of adipogenic differentiation. Adipogenic differentiation is tightly regulated by many key signal cascades, including insulin signaling. These signal cascades generally transfer or amplify the signal by using serial tyrosine phosphorylations. Thus, protein tyrosine kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases are closely related to adipogenic differentiation. Compared to protein tyrosine kinases, protein tyrosine phosphatases have received little attention in adipogenic differentiation. This review aims to highlight the involvement of protein tyrosine phosphatases in adipogenic differentiation and the possibility of protein tyrosine phosphatases as drugs to target obesity.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.73-76
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• 2012

More and more children are becoming obese and overweight due to several factors that include a high energy density in the diet (a high fat intake) and low energy expenditure. Consequently childhood obesity is becoming a significant health problem. Fat tissue releases many cytokines such as resistin, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, leptin, interleukin-6. These adipocytokines induce obesity-related insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a key component of obesity-related metabolic problems such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, acanthosis nigricans and polycystic ovarian syndrome. This review article focused on insulin resistance and its related metabolic diseases.

• Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.223-232
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• 2018

Vitamin D, a free sunshine vitamin available for mankind from nature, is capable to avert many health-related critical circumstances. Vitamin D is no more regarded as a nutrient involved in bone metabolism alone. The presence of vitamin D receptor in a number of tissues implies that vitamin D has various physiological roles apart from calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Low serum vitamin D has been found to be associated with various types of metabolic illness such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases including hypertension. Various studies reported that vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in linked with metabolic syndrome risk. This review focuses on various metabolic diseases and its relationship with serum vitamin D status.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2010

이 연구는 고혈압, 당뇨병, 이상지질혈증으로 지출된 진료비 중 과체중 및 비만의 기여분을 추계하기 위한 질병비용연구로서 국민건강보험공단의 건강검진 및 건강보험급여 자료를 활용한 연구이다. 연구결과 2005년 현재 고혈압, 당뇨병, 이상지질혈증 때문에 지출된 총 진료비 중 과체중 및 비만의 기여분은 각각 4,561억원(4,328억원-4,805억원), 2,823억원(2,487억원-3,176억원), 165억원(147억원-183억원)이었고, 이를 모두 합하면 7,549억원(6,961억원-8,164억원)이었다. 이는 해당 연도의 고혈압 총 진료비의 34.6%(32.9%-36.5%), 당뇨병 총 진료비의 32.5%(28.6%-36.6%), 이상지질혈증 총 진료비의 19.4%(17.3%-21.6%)를 차지한다. 또한 이 세 가지 질병의 총 진료비를 기준으로 했을 때 과체중 및 비만이 기여한 금액은 33.3%(30.7%-36.0%)에 해당하였다. 이는 과체중과 비만을 예방한다면 고혈압, 당뇨병, 이상지질혈증으로 지출되는 총 진료비의 33.3%를 감소시킬 수 있다는 의미이며, 향후 만성질환 예방과 관련하여 과체중 및 비만의 예방관리사업이 얼마나 중요한가를 시사해 주는 것이다.