• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.91-96
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• 2013

Objectives : Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease caused by disorder of energy balance and lipid metabolism. This study was conducted by histopathology and histomorphometry to investigate the anti-obesity effects of mixed water extract of Plantaginis Semen & Poria (CJB) on liver, epididymal fat pads and pancreas zymogen granules in obese rats induced with high fat diet. Method : Male Sprague-Dawley rats to be divided four groups were fed into four different treatments: normal (NOR) diet, high-fat (HF) diet, HF diet+CJB (100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, P.O.) for 8 weeks. The weekly body weights were measured in four experimental groups, respectively. Also histopathological and histomorphometrical changes of liver, epididymal fat pads and pancreas zymogen granules were observed in normal control and obese rats, respectively. Results : Adminstration of CJB significantly reduced body weights compared to those of HF group for experimental period. After 8 weeks, liver weights in the CJB groups were lower than those of HF group. In addition, HF diet related steatohepatitis, adipocyte hypertrophy, exocrine disturbances (decreases of pancreatic zymogen granules) were also dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of test material, CJB 100 and CJB 300 as compared with HF group, respectively. Conclusion : Based on the results, it is considered that CJB will be showed hepatoprotective and anti-obese effects, may be directly and/or indirectly mediated by pancreatic zymogen granules because they dose-dependently inhibited steatohepatitis, hypertrophy of adipocytes and decreases of pancreatic zymogen granules induced by HF diet supply, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2016

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of Scutellariae Radix extract (SRE) on lipids metabolism, oxidation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats fed highly oxidized fat. Methods: To induce obesity, male Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed a highly oxidized fat diet for 10 weeks. SRE at 100 mg/kg were administered orally to obesity-induced rats for 6 weeks, and their lipid metabolism, oxidation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines were examined. Results: The concentrations of free fatty acid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol in plasma decreased in SRE-treated groups, although the difference was not significant between control and SRE-treated groups, while that of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol significantly increased in SRE group. The concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride in the liver were tended to decrease in SRE-treated group. The concentrations of thiobarbituric acid in plasma and liver were lower in SRE group than in control group. The levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase in plasma were decreased in SRE group. Activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in liver were tended to increase in the SRE group. The plasma concentrations of interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 were lower in SRE group than in control group, while that of IL-10 was higher. The liver concentrations of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and IL-6 were tended to decrease while that of IL-10 tended to increase in SRE group. Conclusions: Finally SRE could be used in the production of nutraceuticals for lowering lipids and exerting anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory effects in obesity rats fed highly oxidized rat.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.464-470
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of zinc intake on immune responses in high fat diet induced obese rats. The immune status was assessed by the measurements of immunoglobulins (IgG, A, and M) production by SRBC(sheep red blood cell) with mitogen in vivo. The delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH) response was also measured as an index of cell mediated immunity. The re sults are summarized as follows : 1) There were no significant differences in the feed intake, weight gain and feed efficiency ratio of obese rats by the different dietary zinc levels. 2) White blood cell (WBC) counts were significantly affected as the dietary zinc levels decreased. The capacity of Ig M production in obese rats was significantly higher in normal zinc group than that of low and high zinc group. Cell mediated immune response evaluated by means of DTH testing has also been found to be highly impaired by zinc deficiency and overload. From these observations, it was suggested that adequate levels of zinc may promote the immune function of obese individuals. The relationship and its functional role of the zinc in obesity remains to be further studied.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.55-67
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was designed in order to determine the effects of Artemisiae Capillaris, Ponciri Fructus and Cartaegi Fructus so as to care the obesity and obesity-related diabetes. Methods : After induction of obesity by high fat-diet in rats, the each extracts of three medicinal stuffs were administrated with continuous high fat-diet for 4 weeks. And the changes of lipid metabolism, liver function and blood levels of glucose and insulin were examined. Results : Blood concentrations of triglyceride, free fatty acid and LDL-cholestrol were increased in obese group compared with standard dieted group. By treatment of Ponciri Fructus or Cartaegi Fructus with high fat-diet, their concentrations of glyceride and free fatty acid were significantly decreased. Blood level of LDL -cholesterol was decreased in all stuffs treated groups, however atherogenic index was significantly decreased in treatment of Cartaegi Fructus with high fat-dieted group. Conclusion : High fat-dieted with treatment of Ponciri Fructus or Cartaegi Fructus, fatty degeneration was remarkably diminished.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.267-272
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the antiobesity effects of lactic acid bacteria-fermented Dioscoreae Rhizoma powder (LDR) in Sprague-Dawley rats with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Rats were divided into 5 groups: normal diet group, control (high fat diet-vehicle) group, 0.4 g/kg LDR (high fat diet + 0.4 g/kg lactic acid bacteria-fermented Dioscoreae Rhizoma powder) group, 1 g/kg LDR (high fat diet + lactic acid bacteria-fermented Dioscoreae Rhizoma powder) group, 2.5g/kg LDR (high fat diet + lactic acid bacteria-fermented Dioscoreae Rhizoma powder) group. Our results indicate that LDR administration has effects on decreasing of body weight, fat weight, blood parameters and adipocyte size in the obesity animals. In addition, verified that fat degeneration and ballooning degeneration were alleviated in the experimental group fed on a high fat diet combined with LDR groups. These results indicate that lactic acid bacteria-fermented Dioscoreae Rhizoma powder may reduce elevating body weight and lipid accumulation in rat fed a high fat diet, suggesting its usefulness as a functional food for reducing body fat and obesity.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2017

Objectives: This study examined the effects of salvianolic acid B (SAB) on exhaustive exercise-induced cardiac muscle damage to rats. Methods: The study was carried out with 12-week-old young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Thirty-six rats were divided into 3 groups; normal (n=12), exhaustive exercise group (ExS, n=12) and exhaustive exercise with SAB (ExS+SAB, n=12). Five days before exhaustive exercise, SAB were medicated for 5 days in ExS+SAB group. Rats in ExS and ExS+SAB group were forced to swim for 150 minutes and then they were sacrificed, while rats in normal group were sacrificed at rest. After that, blood was collected and cardiac muscle tissue damage indices were analyzed. Results: Serum aspartate transaminase activity and lactate dehydrogenase activity were significantly lower in ExS+SAB group than in ExS group. Serum creatine phosphokinase activity of ExS+SAB was significantly lower than ExS group. However, the content of serum creatinine had no difference between ExS and ExS+SAB group. In the H&E stained left ventricle myocardium, ExS group showed signs of myocardial damage such as sporadic fragmentation of myocardial fibers, interstitial edema, cytoplasmic eosinophilia and neutrophils infiltration. However, ExS+SAB group alleviated the severity of the signs of myocardial damage. In the myocardial dihydroethidium staining, optical density was remarkably decreased in ExS+SAB group compared to ExS group. Furthermore, the up-regulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was observed in ExS+SAB group compared with ExS group. Conclusions: The above results suggest that SAB may protect cardiac muscle damage via antioxidant activity and prevention of apoptosis.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.663-669
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• 2006

The dietary effects of soy fiber beni-koji(SBCA) containing chitosan-ascorbate on the body weight and serum lipids in obese rats induced by a high fat diet were investigated. The experimental plots(6 rats per each group) were divided into a normal group(NC), a high fat diet group(HF), a 1% SBCA diet group(SBCA1) and a 2% SBCA diet group(SBCA2), and fed for 6 weeks. Compared with the HF group, the mean body weight and the $R\'{o}hrer$ index of the SBCA1 and SBCA2 groups decreased by $3.4{\sim}7.4%$ and $8.1{\sim}13.9%$, respectively. In particular, the body lipids in the SBCA2 group decreased by 42.3%. The serum triglyceride content decreased by approximately $25.54{\sim}27.34%$ in the experimental diet groups. There was no significant difference in the serum total lipids between the HF and SBCA1 groups. On the other hand, the total lipids in SBCA2 group decreased by 19.12% compared with the HF group. In the SBCA2 group, the total serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol content decreased by 6.57% and 41.20% compared with the HF group, respectively, while the HDL-cholesterol increased by 10.0%. The risk factor index(RFI) in the SBCA2 group was decreased remarkably by 58.57%.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2018

The efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has led to an increase demand for therapeutic use, thereby necessitating investigation into drug toxicity. This study was designed to investigate the in vivo effects of HAART on sperm parameters and testicular oxidative stress in lean and obese rats. Wistar rats (males, n = 40, weighing 180~200 g) were assigned randomly into 4 groups and treated accordingly for 16 weeks as follows: Control (C): lean group fed with standard rat chow; Diet induced obesity (DIO): obese animals fed a high caloric diet; C + ART: lean animals treated with HAART; DIO + ART: obese animals treated with HAART. An antiretroviral drug combination of Tenofovir, Emtricitabine and Efavirenz at a dose of 17, 26 and 50 mg/kg/day was administered for the latter 6 weeks via jelly cube feeding. At the end of the experimental period, sperm analysis was performed on sperm collected from the caudal epididymis, while the testis was homogenized for antioxidant enzyme and lipid peroxidation assays. Results showed that HAART significantly decreased sperm motility (p < 0.05) in both lean and obese animals, and viability (p < 0.05) in the DIO group. Testicular glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05) when the DIO+ART group was compared to Control group. Thus, the decreased sperm qualities associated with HAART might be as a result of increased testicular oxidative stress prominent in obese animals.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.78-99
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• 2000

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of pine oil on the body weight and lipid levels of serum in rats fed high cholesterol diet and high fat diet, Body weight, weight of various organs, and feeding efficiency ratio were measured to study the effect of pine oil on obesty at 4 weeks after an oral administration, Total cholesterol, triglyceride, total lipid, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were also analysed to identify the ameliorating effect of pine oil on lipid metabolism in serum of same rats, The results were summerized as follows; 1. The increase in body weight and feeding efficiency ratio induced by choleserol diet was less in pine oil treated rats, Furthermore, decrease in weight of liver, kidney, spleen, testis, and epididymis were observed in pine oil treated rats. 2, Associated with the decrease in body weight, there was a concomitant reduction in serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and total lipid in rats fed high cholesterol diet and high fat diet. respectively, after an oral administration of pine oil. 3. Serum levels of LDL-cholesterol was significantly decrease after an oral administration of pine oil in rats fed high fat diet. These results suggest that pine oil can ameliorate obesity and lipid metabolism in serum.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate anti-obesity and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of extracts from Geranium thunbergii (GT) in high-fat-diet-induced obese rats. Animals were randomly divided into four groups [normal diet, high fat diet, MeOH extract of GT (GTM), and BuOH fraction of GT (GTB)] and GT samples were treated with dose of 100 mg/kg for 8 weeks. It was observed that GTB-treated group significantly reduced body weight gain, food intake, epididymal fat weight, and triglyceride level in serum and liver compared to control group. The rats fed GTB also decreased contents of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), hydroxyl radical, and xanthin oxidase (XO) increased by high fat diet. Furthermore, the anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase were increased by GTB treatment. The experimental results indicate that GTB has anti-obesity and anti-hyperlipidemic effects, as well as radical scavenging activity.